Requirements for the abstract

Abstract (from lat. refero - I report, inform) - summary scientific problem, results scientific research contained in one or more works of ideas, etc.
The abstract is a scientific work, because it contains elements of scientific research. In this regard, it should be presented with requirements for registration, as for a scientific work. These requirements are regulated by state standards, in particular:

GOST 7.32-2001 “Research report. Structure and rules of registration.

GOST 7.1-2003 “Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description. General requirements and rules for drafting.

GOST 7.80-2000 “Bibliographic record. Title. General requirements and rules for drafting.

GOST 7.82-2001 “Bibliographic record. Bibliographic description of electronic resources.

General requirements for the design of abstracts.

The text of the abstract must be formatted in accordance with the requirements of GOST, the main provisions of which are reproduced here.

The total amount of work - 15-30 pages printed text(including the title page, content and list of references) on A4 paper, on one side of the sheet. Title page issued according to the specified sample .

The text should highlight the structural parts of the work, reflecting the essence of the study: introduction, main part and conclusion, as well as headings and subheadings.

aimabstract work is the acquisition of skills in working with literature, summarizing literary sources and practical material on the topic, the ability to correctly state the issues of the topic, draw conclusions.

The abstract must contain:

title page,

table of contents,

introduction,

the main part (sections, parts),

conclusions (final part),

applications,

a numbered list of references (at least 2 sources) indicating the author, title, place of publication, publisher, year of publication.

At the beginning of the abstract should be table of contents, which lists the page numbers for individual chapters.

In administered should reflect the place of the issue under consideration in the natural sciences, its theoretical and applied significance. (Justify the choice of this topic, briefly talk about why it interested the author).

Main partshould be presented in accordance with the plan, clearly and consistently, preferably in your own words. The text should contain references to the used literature. When the material is reproduced verbatim, each quotation should have a link to the corresponding position in the list of used literature indicating page numbers, for example /12, p. where the previous one ended.

I chapter.Introductory part. This short chapter should contain several introductory paragraphs that directly introduce the topic of the abstract.

II chapter.The main scientific part of the abstract. Here, in a logical sequence, the material on the topic of the essay is presented. It is advisable to break this chapter into subparagraphs - 2.1., 2.2. (with indication in the table of contents of the corresponding pages).

All footnotes and footnotes located on the same page to which they refer.

Formatting quotes. The text of the quotation is enclosed in quotation marks and is given in the grammatical form in which it is given in the source, while preserving the features of the author's spelling.

Making transfers. The text of all enumeration elements must be grammatically subordinate to the main introductory phrase that precedes the enumeration.

Making references to pictures. For clarity of presentation, it is desirable to accompany the text with figures. In the latter case, there should be appropriate references to the figures in the text. All illustrations in the abstract must be numbered. The numbering should be end-to-end, that is, through the entire work. If there is only one illustration in the work, then it is not numbered.

References are made in the text to the illustrations containing serial numbers, under which the illustrations are placed in the abstract. References in the text to the number of the figure, table, page, chapter are written in abbreviated form and without an icon, for example "No", for example: "fig.3", "table 4", "p.34", "ch.2". "see figure 5" or "graph....shown in figure 2". If the indicated words are not accompanied by a serial number, then they should be written in the text in full, without abbreviations, for example, "it can be seen from the figure that ...", "the table shows that ...", etc. Photos, drawings, maps, diagrams can be arranged in the form applications to work.

Table formatting. All tables, if there are several, are numbered. Arabic numerals throughout the entire text. Above the upper right corner of the table, the inscription "Table ..." is placed indicating serial number tables (for example, "Table 4") without the # sign before the number and a dot after it. If there is only one table in the text of the abstract, then the number is not assigned to it and the word "table" is not written. Tables are provided with thematic headings, which are located in the middle of the page and are written in capital letters without a dot at the end.

Conclusions (final part) should contain a brief summary of the considered material, highlighting the most reliable and substantiated provisions and statements, as well as the most problematic, developed at the level of hypotheses, the importance of the considered problem from the point of view of practical application, worldview, ethics, etc.

In this part, the author summarizes the work, makes brief analysis and formulate conclusions.

The approximate volume of the abstract is 15-20 pages of typewritten text.

Attached at the end of the work Bibliography . Literary sources should be arranged in the following order:

encyclopedias, reference books;

books on the topic of the abstract (surnames and initials of the author, title of the book without quotes, place of publication, name of the publisher, year of publication, page number (numbers));

newspaper and magazine articles (article title, journal title, year of publication, edition number, page number).

Format.The abstract should be made on one side of a sheet of white paper A4 (210x297 mm). Line spacing - one and a half. The font color is black. Body font typeface - " Times New Roman" or similar. Type (size) from 12 to 14 points. Page margins (not less than): right -30 mm, top, and bottom, left - 20 mm. Paragraph format: full alignment ("justified"). The indentation of the red line is the same throughout the text.

Pages should be numbered, taking into account the title page, which is not indicated by a number. Quotations and statistical materials are used in the works. These data are presented in the form of footnotes (references and notes). Examples of footnotes are shown below. The distance between the title of the chapter (subsection) and the text should be equal to 2.5 intervals. However, the distance between the subheading and the following text should be 2 spacing, and the spacing between the lines of the text itself should be 1.5. The font size for the title of the chapter is 16 (bold), the subtitle is 14 (bold), the text of the work is 14. The point at the end of the heading, located in the middle of the sheet, is not put. Headings are not underlined. Paragraphs start on a new line and are printed with an indent of 1.25 centimeters. The table of contents (content) should be placed at the beginning of the work.

Headings.Headings of sections and subsections should be printed on a separate line with a capital letter without a dot at the end, without underlining, for example: INTRODUCTION, CONCLUSION.

Center or left alignment. Padding: before the heading - 12 points, after - 6 points. The distance between the title of the chapter and the following text should be equal to two line spacing. The same distance is maintained between chapter and paragraph headings. The spacing between heading lines is the same as in the text. It is not allowed to underline headings and hyphenate words in the heading.

Numbering.Pages should be numbered with Arabic numerals. continuous numbering throughout the text (the title page and table of contents are included in the general numbering). The title page is not numbered. The page number is placed in the center of the bottom of the sheet without a dot.

Title page.At the top of the title page, it is written in which organization the work is being done, then the type (“Abstract”) and the topic of the work are indicated in large letters, below in the right half of the sheet - information about who performed and who checks the work. In the center of the lower part of the title page, the city and year of execution are written.

Bibliography
Bibliographic references in the text of the abstract are made in the form of a source number in square brackets. The bibliographic description (in the list of sources) consists of the following elements:

main title;

the designation of the material enclosed in square brackets;

information relating to the title, separated by a colon;

information about responsibility, separated by a slash;

place of publication, separated by a dot and a dash;

the name of the publisher, separated by a colon;

publication date separated by a comma.

Examples (see note).

NOTE

The list of elements of a bibliographic record has been shortened

A book with no more than three authors:

Maksimov, N.V. Architecture of computers and computing systems [Text]: textbook. for universities / N. V. Maksimov, T. L. Partyka, I. I. Popov. - M.: Infra, 2005.

Book with four or more authors, collection, etc.:

World art culture[Text]: in 2 volumes / B. A. Erengross [and others]. - M.: graduate School, 2005. - Vol. 2.

Article from the collection:

Civilization of the West in the 20th century [Text] / N. V. Shishova [and others] // History and cultural studies: textbook. allowance for students. - M, 2000. - Ch. 13. - S. 347-366.

Journal article:

Martyshin, O. V. Moral Foundations theory of state and law [Text] / O. V. Martyshin // State and law. - 2005. - No. 7. - S. 5-12.

Electronic edition:

Sidiganov, Vladimir Ustinovich. Model of Moscow [Electronic resource]: electronic map of Moscow and Moscow region / Sidiganov V. U., Tolmachev S. Yu., Tsygankov Yu. E. - Version 2.0. - M.: Formoza, 1998.

Internet resource:

Bychkova, L. S. Constructivism / L. S. Bychkova // Culturology of the 20th century. - (http//www.philosophy.ru/edu/ref/enc/k.html).

The review of the abstract contains an assessment

1. Knowledge in the area under consideration:

• the relevance of the stated problem;
• degree of familiarity with state of the art Problems;
• using known results and scientific facts in work;
• completeness of the cited literature.

• use of knowledge outside the school curriculum;
• degree of novelty;
• scientific significance of the problem;
• possession of scientific and special apparatus.

• literacy and logical presentation of the material;
• structure of the work (introduction, main part, conclusion, applications, list of references);
• Compliance of abstract formatting with standards.

Title page sample

First of all, pay attention to the element that first catches your eye. This also applies to the important structural element like a title page term paper 2017 (we demonstrate a sample in this article). It creates a “beginning effect”, on which the further perception of the work depends. Therefore, it must be designed perfectly. If you doubt that you can take into account the numerous requirements for the design of this structural part of the work, our authors will always help! We cope with such tasks quickly, while the quality is exceptional!

The title page of the term paper 2017 - a sample design (and not only)

Regarding the design of the title page, there is no newest GOST 2017, so far they are using the standards of past years. They do not mention the type of font (computers were just entering our lives then), its sizes and similar things. Therefore, each university itself determines the technical issues and sets its own standards, which is indicated in special manuals for the design of the coursework. But nevertheless, there are generally accepted unspoken rules of how the properly designed title page of the 2017 term paper should look like, a sample of which is located at the end of the article.

So, the technical aspects of registration are as follows (which are not regulated by GOST and which may be different in different universities):

• font Times New Roman, usually size 14 (12 is allowed);
• letters in the design of the cap names (MINISTRY OF EDUCATION), including the name of the university, topics are usually used - uppercase (capital), the rest of the information is typed in lowercase;
• indent sizes: left - 3 cm, right - 1 cm, top-bottom - 2 cm each.

A single title page of the course work 2017 - a sample for everyone

Despite the mentioned differences in the design of the title, there are common rules for all universities on how the title page of the 2017 term paper should look like (a sample of the general version is provided in this material).

The title must contain information, including the names:

• educational institution;
• departments;
• academic discipline;
• topics of work;
• surname, name, patronymic of the author;
• course numbers;
• forms of education;
• group numbers;
• surname, name, patronymic of the supervisor, his position is indicated;
• locality;
• the year the work was created.

It must be remembered that the numbering starts from the second page of the work. The title is counted but not numbered.

Where to start and where to end?

The title creation algorithm is as follows:

• type in Times New Roman in capital letters at the top of the page a “header” (ministry, name of the educational institution, etc.), single spacing;
• highlight the typed fragment in bold and center align;
• indent 8 lines and indicate the type of work (in this case- coursework), align in the center;
• V next line type the topic in quotation marks after the words "on the topic";
• indent 2 lines and type information about the author (Done:); align left, place column on the right;
• through the line indicate information about the supervisor (Checked :), arrange in the same way;
• the bottom line is the city where the university is located, and the year of protection of work; center alignment.

Remember that each university can put forward its own requirements for the design of the title, but if for some reason you suddenly issue it in the classical generally accepted form, this will be GOST.

And in the end, as promised, classic version title design:

The design of scientific papers of any complexity without fail includes the preparation of a title page. Abstract, despite its small volume and loyalty general requirements to design is no exception. According to the title page, an initial assessment takes place, which may well become decisive factor on defense. Therefore, writing a title should be taken seriously. To do this, to help students, the methodological department of the educational institution provides a manual with a list of requirements for the design of the work in general and the title page, in particular. If there is no such manual, then on this issue you should consult with the teacher who provides scientific guidance to the project. In the event that this did not bring results either, or the student was given relative freedom in the design of the work, you can use the recommendations below, which reflect the generally accepted standard of design.

General requirements for the design of the title page

Like the entire abstract, the title page is a sheet of A4 paper. Font - similar to the font of the text of the work. Size, line spacing, case and other aspects of formatting may vary in different blocks of information. In total there are four such blocks - upper, central, right and lower. When designing them, it is important to comply not only with the individual requirements for each block, but also correctly place them relative to each other. Each block should be in its place and in harmony with the rest. Another important point- primary information (for example, the title of the topic and the full name of the author) should not be "drowned" in the details of a secondary plan. If there is too much text, then it is better to highlight important parts additionally.

Upper block

The first block is the top one. It contains information about the university or other educational institution, faculty and department within which the study was conducted. This block is formatted in the center of the line. Size - 14, one and a half interval. At the same time, the name of the educational institution, in contrast to the name of the faculty and department, is typed capital letters and is enclosed in quotation marks. Between the name of the educational institution and the faculty, an indent of one empty line is made. There is no indent between the lines with the name of the faculty and department.

Ministry of Education and Science Russian Federation

STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

"VORKUTA INSTITUTE OF LAW"

Faculty of Law

Department of Criminalistics

central block

The central block is the most important in its content - it contains information about the research topic and the corresponding scientific discipline. It is formatted in the center of the line and sheet and consists of three positions. On the first line, the type of work is written in capital letters - an abstract. The line below, after the words "by discipline", indicates the name of the subject. One more line below, “on the topic” is followed by the full name of the topic of the work. All lines (except the first, of course) begin with a small letter. Size - 14. For the word "abstract" can be used and 16. Single spacing. In addition, the title of the work can also be indicated in capital letters.

in the discipline "Forensic Psychiatry"

on the topic "Forensic psychiatric data as a source of forensic meaningful information in the investigation of a violent death"

right block

The third block is below the central one by seven to nine line indents. Its task is to convey to the reader information about the author of the work and its supervisor. The font of the block is typed in 14 pt. The interval can be either single or one and a half. As you can see from the name of the block, it is placed in right side sheet. There are two options for how to do this. The first option is to simply align the text to the right.

Performed:
5th year student

day department
groups #01-12
Savitskaya K. P.

Scientific adviser:
Ordzhonikidze A.P.

The second option is to move the left margin two-thirds to the right and then align it to the left.

Performed:
5th year student

day department
groups #01-12
Savitskaya K. P.

Scientific adviser:
dr psychological sciences, Professor
Ordzhonikidze A.P.

bottom block

The bottom block is the smallest. It contains only the name of the city where this educational institution is located, as well as the year in which the abstract was submitted for defense. Size, as elsewhere - 14. Formatting in the center. As in the case of the right block, the bottom one has two design options: in one line or in two.

Option 1:

Vorkuta 2015

Option 2:

Other requirements

As you can see from the samples, three of the four title page blocks are formatted in the center. This makes the requirements for the margins of the title page rather conditional. However, such requirements exist and may not be of any significance, for example, when flashing a paper version of a work. Here are the requirements:

Top field - 15 mm.

Bottom field - 30 mm.

Right margin - 15 mm.

Left margin - 20 or 25 mm.

Conclusion

The correct design of the abstract is not just a formal necessity, but the same part of the assignment and therefore requires a responsible approach, like the study itself. It is important to remember this, because for a careless attitude to design, you can pay with a good grade.

Instruction

Presentation in electronic format. Usually used for presentations. PowerPoint. In the structure of this program - slides, the first of which is the title "sheet". Most often, such presentations are more entertaining than business. Here you can put a lot of pictures, give them "movement" through animated elements, make a variety of diagrams, tables, etc. In this case, the presentation is an additional multimedia material for the performance.

Paper presentation. Often a presentation printed on sheets is necessary for a more detailed study of the topic. For example, at the defense of a thesis, presentation material is distributed to each present teacher in the commission of examiners to familiarize themselves with the topic. final work student . Here it is necessary to take into account all the requirements for the design of the title page of the presentation of the thesis, in accordance with the state educational standard. On the first line in the center of an A4 sheet they write capital letters full name of the educational institution. Two indents below it is necessary to write the name of the student's faculty. Then, even lower, indented in the center in capital letters, you should write: "Handout for the final qualifying work." After that, you can go to the name of the topic of the presentation material and write the initials of the author of the presentation, the number of the group, on the left side. Indented below, also on the left side, write the initials of the teacher who supervised your work and his scientific degree (associate professor, candidate of science).

Title sheet- the first page of your written scientific work. Title design sheet and requires compliance certain rules, even if it is a simple school essay.

Instruction

It has long been customary to hand over written academic work in printed form. If your school, technical school or university accepts handwritten papers, the requirements for the design of your work are still the same for everyone. Do not indicate on the title sheet e extra information. If you are writing by hand, do not use brightly colored inks and embellished handwriting. Both form and content must be strict and clear. Do not use illustrations and photographs if this is a serious work (illustrations are acceptable on children's creative works, but not on abstracts, course and diploma projects).

If you are printing your work on a computer, set the required margins and font size and style to be standard for the entire work. Set the top and bottom margins to 20 mm each, the left margin to 30 mm, and the right margin to 10 mm. The standard font size is 14 points and the style is Times New Roman. Highlight the topic name not by changing the style or font size, but by the case of letters. Print all data without retreating from the red line.

Set the line alignment to center for all information shown on the title page. sheet That is, except for data about you as the performer of the work and your supervisor, who will check the work - this information is right-aligned.

In the center, type the name of the topic of your work in capital (capital) letters. Do not put the word "Subject" before the title, and do not use quotation marks.

Set alignment to right sheet a and indicate your last name and initials, as well as the class or course. Below, also on the right, indicate the data of the person who is your supervisor (teacher) in the subject: his last name and initials, position, academic degree.

At the end of the line dot on the title sheet do not put it.

Title sheet treat it as the first page of your work, but don't put a page number on it. Start numbering from the next page, where you put the content (table of contents).

Sources:

• How to write an abstract according to GOST
• title page standards

Title sheet can truly be called the face of any work, whether it is a simple essay by a schoolboy, a student report or an important graduate work university graduate. The final grade for all the work done depends on how competently and correctly it is designed. That is why when designing the title sheet but you need to be very careful, observing all the necessary norms and rules approved by state standards.

Instruction

When issuing any title sheet but it should be remembered that it is an independent page, and therefore does not need to be numbered.

The bottom and top margins of any title sheet and must be clearly defined. Indents from the edges, as a rule, are 3 cm.

Start your title page sheet and with the indication in its upper part of the full name of the educational institution. Moreover, this name should also be located in the middle. Next, indicate the faculty and department. All of this text must be typed in capital letters.

After writing information about the educational institution, department and faculty, proceed to writing the topic of the work. But keep in mind that there should be a distance of 8 cm between the information about the educational institution and the topic of the work.

At the very bottom of the title sheet and, not forgetting about a three-centimeter indent from the edge, indicate the city, and, separated by a comma, the year in which the work was completed. By the way, according to GOST, writing the word “year” after the numbers is not provided.

Remember that all information present on the title page sheet e, must be printed in Times New Roman 12-14 size. Only the title of the work, as a rule, is written in a larger font.

Related videos

In higher educational institutions teachers ask to write laboratory, abstracts and term papers, and in order to get the status of "certified specialist sheet”, it is necessary to defend a diploma. A good job grade depends largely on correct design. The title page of any scientific work is its face. Each or university has its own rules for the design of title pages, but there is a certain procedure for compiling a title page sheet.

You will need

• - Computer;
• - A program for writing and editing texts (MS Word, Open Office or others).

Instruction

The title page contains basic information about the work - the name of the educational institution, department, topic, specialty, student's full name, year and city in which the work was done. In accordance with GOST standards, all works must be printed in size 14 Times font New Roman.

In the first line, enter: "Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation." Go down two lines and enter the name of the university in full. For example: "Moscow State