Phraseologism drawings and their meaning. Phraseologisms in pictures primary school teacher mkou "gornorechenskaya oosh" kovalskikh tatyana vasilievna

Instruction

Having drawn the most important thing - the head dandelion, navigate to the stem image. It should be thin, but at the same time proportional to the head. Draw two thin lines and connect them to the head dandelion. Then, taking another brush, paint over the stalk with light green paint. The stem is needed so that the illusion is created that it is a little buried in. If you learn how to draw it this way, the dandelion will turn out to be more like a real one.

Leaves dandelion draw after you have depicted the flower itself and the stem. To do this, you also need a lot of effort. First draw the frame of the sheet. Use a small brush for this. Be sure to learn how to depict leaves carved. To do this, first, the leaves, carefully consider how they look like in a real one. dandelion. After the leaves are depicted, paint over them and the drawing can be considered ready.

Helpful advice

Additional expressiveness of the picture will be given by other flowers and grass depicted around the dandelion. Dandelion pairs well with daisies or buttercups in particular. Please note, however, that blue flowers, such as bluebells, or blue, for example, violets will not look next to a dandelion. Therefore, try to draw flowers with a dandelion that are close to it in color.

In the process of learning the basics of drawing, you need to constantly perform more complex tasks. After the stage of acquaintance with the rules of depicting a person has already been passed, you can complicate the task and try to draw a person of a certain profession, for example, teachers.

You will need

-pencil;
-eraser.

Instruction

First, decide how exactly you are going to be a teacher - it will be a portrait, a static drawing in full height or a dynamic image. The easiest way is to use a photograph or picture from which you will draw the details.

For those who are just learning fine arts, do not immediately pick up a brush and paint. Sketch on paper with a slate pencil. It is very important that it be made as accurately as possible, conveying all the features and subtleties. In this case, all proportions of the body must be respected. If you are a beginner painter, then try a teacher standing straight. draw vertical line and, imagining, break it into segments that will correspond to the legs, torso, neck, head.

Start to gradually draw the details, using a picture that serves as a model. First, carefully work on the face. Perhaps, for a beginner in the picture of the features of facial expressions, it will be a difficult task. But try to at least give the teacher's face seriousness by depicting compressed lips and glasses.

Next, move on to sketching out the clothes. Obviously it has to be strict. Draw its details, trying to consider all the subtleties in the sample picture. Next draw the boots. It is best if your first experience will be supervised by a more artist who, in the process of creating a drawing, will tell you how best to apply strokes and emphasize this or that detail.

After finishing the main drawing, try to work no less carefully on the details that turn the depicted person into a teacher. So, in his hand there may be a pointer or - such objects are easy to depict. Can also draw or book.

The main sources of the formation of phraseological units

Phraseological units often arise from individual words. In the future, they begin to practically replace it. “In the costume of Adam” means “naked”, “the owner of the taiga” means a bear, and “the king of beasts” is a lion.

Phraseological units appear from phrases with the help of a metaphor (“to ride like cheese in butter” - to live in abundance) or metonymy (“bread and salt” - to greet).

Often, proverbs and sayings become the material for creating phraseological units. In this case, usually general composition proverb fragment stands out. For example, from the proverb “The dog lies in the hay, it does not eat itself and does not give to the cattle”, “the dog in the hay” appeared. So they say about a person who clings to something unnecessary and does not allow others to use it.

Quotes from literary works can also be attributed to the sources from which phraseological units are formed. "Ward number six" means a lunatic asylum (according to work of the same name A.P. Chekhov), “monkey labor” is a meaningless work for anyone (I.A. Krylov’s fable “Monkey”), “to stay with nothing” means to be left with nothing (“Fairy Tale” by A.S. Pushkin), etc. .

Russian folklore is also one of the sources of phraseological units. Many of them owe the appearance of Russian folk tales, such as "The Tale of the White" (endless repetition of the same thing), "Lisa Patrikeevna" (cunning, flattering person), etc.

Phraseological units can be born by isolating from other phraseological units. This happens most often by changing the lexical composition or changing the meaning. Sometimes both ways at the same time. For example, the phraseological unit “on you, God, what is not good for us” can sound like “on you, heaven, what is not good for us” (“heavenly” was called the poor, the poor). Often the very structure of the phrase changes, as in the case of the phraseological unit “how to give to drink”. In the 19th century, it meant "quickly, easily" instead of the current "for sure."

Sometimes the composition is updated to achieve expression in works of art. For example, “With all the fibers of his suitcase he strove abroad” (from “ notebooks» I. Ilf and E. Petrov). Outside the context of the work (most often humorous), this looks like a mistake.

Popular Games, historical events and the customs of the people also replenished the phraseological stock of the language. So "playing spillikins" comes from the name old game. According to her rules, it was necessary to pull out the scattered spillikins one by one so that they do not touch each other. Phraseologism means a waste of time. When they talk about the disorder “how Mamai passed”, they imagine the historical invasion of the Tatars under the leadership of Khan Mamai in the 14th century.

Where did the phraseologism "hedgehogs" come from

Remember firmly - firmly, once and for all. In the old days, the nose was called sticks, planks that illiterate people carried with them to make various notes and notches on them. In the literal sense, to cut on the nose meant to make notches on the tablet (nose) about what needs to be remembered, not forgotten.

“If you chase two hares, you won’t catch one,” says a Russian proverb. Do not take on several cases at once, there will be little sense. Do one thing, then start another. There is also an expression to kill two birds with one stone. Here the meaning is somewhat different: to successfully complete two things at the same time; achieve two goals.

Little Petya was ridiculed by dad: "What do you write like a chicken with a paw?" The offended poor child squeaked: "I'm not a chicken, only a chicken!"

According to biblical history, God every morning sent the Jews during their exodus from Egypt through the desert to the land of the promised food - manna. It is assumed that the prototype of manna was the seeds of an edible lichen (edible lecanora), which are very light and can be carried by the wind over long distances. Nomads have long made flour from them and baked cakes. The resulting expression "manna from heaven" began to be used in the sense of something valuable, rare. When they are looking forward to something cherished, they say the phrase "wait like manna from heaven."

"Dear Giraffe! Knowing your kindest disposition, I hope that we will certainly become friends with you. It's hot in Africa, And here it rains like buckets in the middle of summer. What do you say to this? We found a job for you (One day off - on Saturday) To disperse the clouds in the sky. Allow me to hug you. Every evening in the rain We are very, very waiting for you "

To exaggerate something, to give something unjustifiably great importance. There is an analogue of this phraseological unit in other languages. For example, in Latin this expression sounds like making a big river out of a stream, the French have their own saying - "make a mountain out of nothing", the British - "make a mountain out of a molehill", in German - "make an elephant out of a mosquito", the Spanish version is "look through a magnifying glass". In general, among all peoples, this expression means that someone greatly exaggerates, turning an insignificant fact into a big event.

To chop on the nose The meaning of these words is quite clear: “to chop on the nose” means: remember firmly - firmly, once and for all. it’s not very pleasant if you are offered to make notches on your own face. A vain fear: the word "nose" here does not mean the organ of smell at all. Oddly enough, it means "commemorative plaque", "record tag". In ancient times, illiterate people carried such sticks and tablets with them everywhere and made all kinds of notes and notches on them. These tags were called "nose".

Achilles' heel Achilles is the favorite hero of many legends Ancient Greece. This is an invincible, brave man who was not taken by any enemy arrows. You have probably often heard the idiom Achilles' heel. So where does his heel, if he was invincible and brave?! The legend tells that the mother of Achilles Thetis, wanting to make her son invulnerable, dipped the boy into the waters of the sacred river Styx. But, dipping, she held him by the heel (heel), and the heel was unprotected. In one of the battles, Paris, the opponent of Achilles, shot an arrow in the heel of Achilles and killed him. Any weak, vulnerable place of a person is called the Achilles' heel. Achilles' heel

Getting Angry These conversations usually ended with the doctor losing his temper and beginning to scold Myshnikov, and if he was sober, he would take his hat and leave. (Mamin-Sibiryak. "Bread") 2. In dealing with people, Philip Petrovich was even, did not lose his temper, in a conversation he knew how to keep silent, listen to a person - a quality that is very rare in people. (Fadeev. "Young Guard") 3. The next day, the Russian generals, thinking of punishing the Chechens, invited 300 men from Aksai to the redoubt, intending to arrest them. Lisanovich began to scold them in Chechen and insult them, and in the end, threatening to punish them for treason, he ordered them to surrender their daggers. One of the Chechens named Haji Uchar Yakub refused to do so. Grekov lost his temper and hit him in the face. In the blink of an eye, the Chechen stabbed Grekov, two more officers and mortally wounded Lisanovich.

panic fear IN ancient Greek mythology Pan-god of forests and fields, forest demon, protector of shepherds and small cattle. He was born with horns, hooves and a goat's beard, and even his mother was horrified by his sight. But Pan was a kind and cheerful deity. He invented the flute, learned to blow the sea shell. However, his loud voice brought sudden and unaccountable horror to people - this helped the gods to cope with the Titans, and the Greeks to win at Marathon. When Pan fell asleep, silence and calmness set in in nature, but when he woke up, noise, laughter, wild sounds and whistles began to be heard in the wilds of the forest. People froze in fright and fled in fear - hence the word "panic" arose. Unaccountable, sudden fear, engulfing Many people and causing confusion.

Making the weather At the French royal court, astrologers were kept, who supposedly could not only predict the weather, but also influence it. On this occasion, there was a proverb in France: "make rain and good weather." In fact, astrologers, deftly compiling their astrological forecasts influenced the decisions of monarchs. The phrase came to Russia in a shortened version of “make the weather” and is used in the meanings of “determine the course of business”, “have a decisive influence”. Be decisive in any business.

Phraseologism Throw down the glove In the Middle Ages, in order to challenge the enemy to a duel, it was necessary to remove the glove from the hand and throw it in front of him. Raising the glove, the opponent signaled that he accepted the challenge. Then this tradition was adopted by the nobility. Nowadays, when we say “throw down the gauntlet”, we mean the incitement to an argument, discussion, and, of course, we do not throw down gloves. For the first time in figurative sense this expression was used in one of his articles by the writer Ivan Alexandrovich Goncharov in relation to Chatsky and Famusov, the characters in Griboedov's play "Woe from Wit".

Phraseologism To wash dirty linen in public Usually this expression is used with a negative: “Do not take out dirty linen in public!”. Figurative meaning I hope everyone knows it: quarrels, squabbles between close people, or secrets of a narrow circle of people should not be disclosed. And here true meaning We will try to explain this phraseological unit now, although it will not be easy. This expression is associated with evil spirit and by the way, there are a lot of such in Russian. According to ancient beliefs, rubbish from the hut must be burned in the oven, so that evil people do not get it.

The so-called quackery "rejections" or "relations" were very common in the past. A branch could be, for example, a bundle thrown at a crossroads to "guard" against illness. Coal or liver ash was usually wrapped in such a bundle. She was especially popular with healers, because it was in the oven that rubbish from the hut was burned, in which hair and other items necessary for witchcraft were found. It is no coincidence that therefore the ban on taking out garbage from the hut was included in the phraseological fund. Russian language.

Shelving Under Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, there was such a procedure: requests, complaints or petitions addressed to the tsar were lowered into a special box nailed to a pole near the palace in the village of Kolomenskoye near Moscow. In those days, all documents were written on paper, rolled up in the form of a scroll. These scrolls were long, and therefore the box was long, or, as they said then, long. Petitioners who put their petition in the box had to wait a long time for an answer, bow at the feet of the boyars and clerks, bring them gifts and bribes in order to get an answer to their complaint. The associated red tape and bribes were common. That's why such an unkind fame on long years survived the long haul. This expression means: shamelessly drag out the case.

It's in the hat A few centuries ago, when mail in its present form did not exist, all messages were delivered by messengers on horseback. At that time, quite a few robbers roamed the roads, and a bag with a package could attract the attention of robbers. Therefore, important papers, or, as they used to be called, deeds, were sewn up under the lining of a hat or cap. This is where the expression "in the bag" came from. This phraseological unit means that all is well, all is well. About the successful completion, the outcome of something.

Before starting to get acquainted with this topic, it is necessary to remember what phraseological units are.
In our case, the definition of the term is perceived much more difficult than illustrating it with examples. Let's take the first and the second.

Free interpretation: phraseologism is a stable combination of words used in a certain situation and expressing a meaning that is not associated with each of the words used separately. As a rule, a phraseological unit can be replaced by a one-word synonym.
Examples of phraseological units:
- kill yourself on the nose
- on the thief the hat burns
- sit on the neck
- scratch tongues
- and so on.

Communicating with children preschool age, often both teachers and parents diligently embellish their speech with phraseological units, not realizing the degree of understanding by children of such constructions. As observations show, a fairly large percentage of kindergarten students are unaware of the meaning hidden for them in such sayings.

In order to make your speech clearer for children, and the speech of children brighter and more expressive, you can conduct entertaining analyzes of phraseological units with preschool children. complete sentences, the skill of formulating questions, etc.

For example, the following sequence of work is acceptable.

An adult voices a phraseological unit and offers the child two options for the development of events.
A) - You yourself will explain to me what this expression means and in what cases it is used?
B) - I will tell you the answers, and you will choose the correct one.
Next, act in accordance with the choice of the child. Most children choose option B), as the safest - there is less chance of making a mistake, but when parsing the next phraseological unit, constantly emphasize that adult, self-confident children themselves guess what the expression means and do not wait for prompts from the teacher.
After discussing the answer, we show a suitable picture, recall the relevant cases from life or fairy tales.
At the end of the analysis of each phraseological unit, we summarize - briefly and succinctly voice the correct answer.

A discussion with children of the phraseological unit "eyes ran wide" can be carried out in this way.

Who can tell me what this expression means: "eyes ran wide"? In what cases do they say so?
I will give three possible answers, and you will try to choose the correct one. "eyes ran up" this means that:
- in a fairy tale, the eyes ran to walk along the path ...
- a serious disease in which each eye rotates on its own and looks where it wants ...
- there are so many interesting things around that the eyes look first at one thing, then at another and can’t choose anything, they like everything at once ....
Look. here in the picture the girl Zina's eyes also ran up, why do you think?
I had a case in my life when my eyes ran wide. Once at a holiday, my grandmother suggested that I go to a cafe for ice cream, my grandfather called me to the zoo, and my dad brought tickets to the amusement park! I was allowed to choose only one entertainment, but my eyes ran wide, I was even upset because I wanted to try everything at once!!! By the way, I chose the zoo, because the next day he was leaving for another city, and we could go for ice cream and attractions on another holiday.
Have you had such a case that your eyes would run wide and you wanted everything at once and could not choose one thing at all? Tell me.
So, "eyes ran wide" - so they say, about a person, when he cannot choose one thing from many options ....

Other phraseological units are analyzed in a similar way. It is advisable not to rely on your ability to get out in difficult situations and prepare in advance for the consideration of each phraseological unit, thinking through your speech, choosing examples, making up your own reasoning and narrative.

10.

Back forward

Attention! Preview slides are for informational purposes only and may not represent the full extent of the presentation. If you are interested this work please download the full version.

Target: to study the peculiarity of phraseological combinations, to deepen and expand the knowledge and ideas of children about phraseological combinations, to teach how to use phraseological units correctly in speech, to use various phraseological dictionaries.

Tasks:

Develop speech skills, cognitive interest in learning the Russian language, improve communication skills students.
Contribute to a more solid and conscious assimilation of the studied language material, enrichment vocabulary students, improving the culture of speech.
To introduce students to the world of oral folk art - proverbs, sayings, popular expressions.

Equipment, materials, visual aids: presentation, S.I. Ozhegov “Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language”, V.P. Zhukov “School phrasebook Russian language”, cards with tasks, drawings of children on the topic “phraseological units”.

The course of an extracurricular activity

I. Actualization of knowledge.

The topic of our today's lesson is “Funny phraseological units”. (Slide 1)

Guys, let's remember what phraseologisms are ...

Phraseological units are stable combinations of words (Slide 2).

Why do we need phraseological units? (Slide 3)

They make our speech expressive, emotional, vivid.

Examples of phraseological units, with explanations of meanings (Slide 4-9):

To lie from three boxes - to tell a lie.
To chop (oneself) on the nose - remember it firmly, once and for all.
Chasing two hares means doing several things at the same time.
Like a chicken paw - write carelessly and illegibly, so that you can not understand.
Sleeveless - be reluctant to work, work somehow.
It pours like a bucket - a very strong stream, jets (about heavy rain).

II. Main part.

Phraseologisms used in Russian can be found in dictionaries. One of these dictionaries is the School Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language by V.P. Zhukov.

Interpretation of the meaning, examples of the use of unfamiliar words and phraseological units can be found in the Explanatory Dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov.

There are also colorful funny phraseological dictionaries created especially for children, where each phraseological unit is supported by a funny picture and a poem - this is the Cheerful Phraseological Dictionary of E.V. Lavrentiev.

We have given examples of only some of the most famous dictionaries, but in fact there are a huge number of them.

Where did phraseological units come from? (Slide 11).

By origin, phraseological units are divided into:

Originally Russian (reeling fishing rods, spreading wings).
Old Slavonic (like the apple of an eye, not of this world).
From different professions(exaggerate, knight's move).
From mythology ( Achilles' heel, the thread of Ariadne).
Created by writers (naked king, happy hours are not observed).

Task 1. “Remove the extra” (cards on a magnetic board)

Which of the two phrases is a phraseological unit, and why do you think so?

golden teeth - golden hands
bear service - bear lair
wolf tail - wolf appetite
come to mind - come to school
firewood flared up - eyes flared up
important detail- important bird
bitter truth - bitter mixture
accept products - take part
get out of the room - get out of the situation
knock down from a tree - confuse

Task 2. Warm-up “Find a pair” (highlighting a pair with the same color) (Slide 12)

Find a couple of similar phraseological units and explain their meaning:

Task 3. “Choose a phraseological unit” (orally).

Name the idioms in these sentences.

1. He almost let it slip, but bit his tongue in time.

2. Nikita was blown off the veranda as if by a wind.

3. No, here you need to think things over properly.

4. Let him serve in the army, let him pull the strap, let him sniff gunpowder, let him be a soldier.

5. Rolling up my sleeves, I took out the living fish that slipped out of my hands and threw them to the bottom of the boat.

6. Pyotr Sergeevich has long given up on life and lives reluctantly.

7. Nastenka, my sister! I won’t let the mosquito fly offend you, I’ll carry it in my arms!

Task 4. "Replace phraseology." (Slide 13)

To complete the next task, we need to remember what a synonym is.

Synonyms are words of one part of speech, different in spelling and sound, having identical (same) or close lexical meaning.

Examples: by the way cheerful - joyful, festive, jubilant, iridescent, by the way wanderer - pilgrim, traveler, traveler, pilgrim. Synonyms form a series of words called a synonymic series. In a row, one of the synonyms is the main one; in dictionaries, as a rule, it is placed in the first place.

Synonyms are used in speech for:

A more accurate and correct expression of thought - someone else's and foreign;

Giving emotional coloring;

Avoidance of tautology (repetitions);

Links of related sentences in the text.

Exercise: Replace the named word with a synonymous phraseological unit. (interactive whiteboard) (Slide 14-15)

Accurately - not in the eyebrow, but in the eye.
Unexpectedly - like snow on the head.
Closely - the apple has nowhere to fall.
It's dark - even gouge out your eyes.
Experienced - shot sparrow.
Wet - not a single, dry thread.
Silence - keep your mouth shut.
To praise - to lift up to heaven.
To deceive - to drive around the finger.
Beat - crush the sides.
Disappear - Dissipate like smoke.
Very little - with a gulkin nose.

Task 5. “Finish phraseologism” (Slide 16)

1) Finish the phraseological unit. (interactive board)

Trembling like... an aspen leaf.
Rides like .. cheese in butter.
Bring to light.
Keep in ... black gloves.
Hit like... a bolt from the blue.
Boil in ... your own juice.
Sit in one's hands.
Have at one's fingertips.

2) Finish the phraseological unit (work in groups) (Check on the slide - Slide 17)

(Answer: wolf, fox, hare, bull, snake, hedgehog, turkey, fish, pig, donkey, magpie.);

Task 6. “Guess the profession” (interactive whiteboard) (Slide 18)

Name the profession where this phraseological unit appeared.

Cut under one comb. - Hairdresser.
On a live thread. - Tailor,
Lay down your weapons. - Military.
Take aim. - Hunter.
Throw a rod. - Fisherman.
A teaspoon per hour. - Doctor.
Play first violin. - Musician.
Sing from someone else's voice. - Singer.
Open America. - Traveler.
Wait by the sea for the weather. - Fisherman.
Fall into the trap. - Hunter.
Bite the bit. - Groom.
Thicken colors. - Artist.
Horse move. - Chess player.
From a sick head to a healthy one. - Doctor.
Nodding. - Hunter.

Task 7. “Pantomime”

The team shows the opponents phraseological units with the help of gestures, facial expressions and objects. You have to name it correctly. (group work)

Sit in a galosh.
Lead by the nose.
In the bag.
It's raining cats and dogs.
Tie hands.
Lather your neck.
Shed crocodile tears.
Roar in three streams.
Pull on your ears.

III. Fizkultminutka.

IV. Consolidation of knowledge.

Task 8. “Illustrations” (interactive whiteboard) (Slide 19-25)

Name the phraseological unit according to the illustration and explain its meaning.

Task 9. “Remember phraseological phrases, the beginning of which is given in the text” (Slide 26):

1. You must be responsible for your own actions, and not hide ...

2. On the garden plot, the guys worked together, tried not to hit ...

3. They rushed to look for a visitor. and his trail...

4. Serezha and Misha have a strong friendship: their water ...

5. You always exaggerate, make a fly...

6. We ask him, and he is like water ...

7. Petya was offended by the remarks of his comrades, pouted like ...

Task 10. “Explain the meaning of phraseological units ...” (Slide 27)

Lead by the nose...
Hang your ears...
Sharpen your teeth....
Nodding...
To make mountains out of molehills...
Bite your tongue...
Scratching tongues...
Ogle...
Not at ease...

Task 11. “Guess what it is?” (orally)

a) They hang him, becoming discouraged; he is bullied, conceited; they shove it everywhere, interfering with other people's business.

b) Not flowers, but wither; not clap, but they clap if they don’t understand something; not underwear, but they are hung by overly gullible test subjects.

c) It is in the head of a frivolous, frivolous person; he is advised to search in the field when someone has disappeared without a trace; words and money are thrown at him, who do not appreciate them.

(Answers: Nose. Ears. Wind.)

Task 12. How do they talk about it?

Choose the phraseological unit that suits the meaning:

The one who changes his mind often.
About a person who is difficult to make believe in anything, to convince in anything.
About a meek and harmless person.
Too much courtesy.
About a chatty person.
About a situation where danger threatens from two sides.

(Answers: He has seven Fridays in a week. Doubting Thomas. Flies won't hurt. Chinese ceremonies. He has a boneless tongue. Between two fires.)

V. The result of the lesson (Slide 28).

Name the phraseological units that you remember and liked during the event.

Thank you all for your business.

Today we did not pour from empty to empty, but worked tirelessly. And although we were a little tired by the end of the lesson, we did not lose our temper, but pulled ourselves together and continued to work. And there was no one in the class who would look at the work of classmates through their fingers.

Literature (Slide 29).

Betenkova N.M. Games and entertaining exercises in the lessons of the Russian language. - M., 1998.
Volina V.V. Fun grammar. M., 1995.
Lavrentieva E.V. Cheerful phraseological dictionary - Moscow: ROOSSA, 2010. - 143 p. : ill. – (My first encyclopedia).
Osokina O. Phraseology // Primary School. – 2007.
Rose T.V. Big phraseological dictionary for children. – M.: OLMA Media Group, 2008.
https://en.wikipedia.org