Choose a pumping station for your home. Pumping stations for home and garden. What affects the life of the pump

Own water supply system is a necessary condition for comfort in a country house remote from centralized engineering systems. If there is a well or well on the site, it is not difficult to equip an autonomous water supply system - it is enough to install a household pumping station.

Such units are presented in the distribution network very widely - you can buy a product of any power and configuration. But in order to make the right choice, it is necessary not only to understand the technical characteristics of pumping stations, but also to take into account many other factors.

What is a pumping station for and what are the benefits of installing it

The main advantage of modern pumping stations (PS) is that they can be used to organize a full-fledged autonomous water supply for a country house, cottage, cottage or restaurant.

For all its compactness, a modern pumping station is able to provide water to a large country cottage, designed to accommodate several families.

Although the cost of such equipment implies additional investments compared to a simple centrifugal or vibration pump, installing a pumping station, which is also called a hydrophore, has many advantages:

1. The ability to assemble and dismantle the unit in the shortest possible time. Due to the fact that the pumping station is an assembled and adjusted device, even a beginner can install and connect it to the water supply.
2. Versatility. Equipment of this type is suitable for drawing water from any source - a well, a well, an artificial reservoir or a natural reservoir.
3. Water supply. The pumping station includes a hydraulic accumulator, which will provide backup water supply during a power outage.
4. Work on wells of any size. The use of a surface pump and a long intake hose allows pumping water from wells with a minimum casing diameter.
5. High reliability. The frequency of switching on the pump, which works in conjunction with the storage tank, is reduced several times, which means that its resource and durability increase many times over.

Against the background of numerous advantages of modern NS, small disadvantages in the form of noise and the need for periodic monitoring and adjustment can be considered insignificant.

The pumping station is a unit that is completely ready for operation, so even a beginner can install it

Criteria for the selection of pumping stations

It is possible to create a truly complete and reliable autonomous water supply system only if each of the following factors is taken into account when choosing it:

• height of water rise;
• technical characteristics - electric power, pressure and performance:
• the volume of the accumulator;
• materials used;
• reliability of automation;
• installation method.

It is also important which company manufactured the pumping station. Although brand awareness affects the cost of equipment, in the end the right choice will result in reliable, durable work without breakdowns and repairs.

Suction height and type of pumping station

The height of the water rise is one of the most important characteristics of autonomous water supply equipment and has a decisive influence on its cost. By type of suction, several types of pumping stations can be distinguished:

• centrifugal or vortex single-stage;
• multistage;
• with built-in ejector;
• with remote ejector.

The former have little performance, but provide good pressure. Their main advantage is silent operation and low cost, however, the maximum suction depth of single-stage units is minimal - from 7 m to 8 m.

The advantage of single-stage pumps is simplicity and reliability. The design of such a unit consists of a body (1), a cover (2), an impeller (3), a drive shaft (4), a sealing gland or cuff (5), bearings (6), a capacitor (7) and an electric motor (8)

Multistage pumping systems are also designed for surface installation next to a source with a depth of no more than 8 m and are distinguished by quiet operation, but they are distinguished by improved technical characteristics.

Multistage pumps use multiple impellers to increase head and performance

To increase the length of the suction line, the pumps of modern installations are equipped with ejection devices. Their principle of operation lies in the fact that part of the output flow is redirected to the suction line, so that manufacturers can significantly lengthen it. NS with a built-in ejector provide water lifting from depths up to 10 meters, so they are used for open reservoirs, shallow wells and reservoirs buried in the ground.

Showing excellent results in performance, units with a built-in ejector have a high level of noise - a consequence of the flow of water flowing through a converging nozzle. Most often, simple NSs are installed in pits above wells or in the immediate vicinity of sources. If the equipment needs to be installed indoors, then you will have to take care of its sound insulation.

The built-in ejector works on the principles of Bernoulli, providing an easier start of the pump and creating additional vacuum to lift water from great depths.

Systems with a remote ejector operate with a minimum noise level and provide water lifting from depths up to 35 m. In this case, the ejector device can be installed at a distance from the pumping station or directly at the source. When choosing ejector NS of the second type, be prepared for additional expenses. They are associated both with the higher cost of the equipment itself, and with the need to install two parallel pipes - supply and recirculation. This feature should be taken into account at the stage of well design.

The ejector for the pumping station can be assembled with your own hands. How to do this is described in this article:

A pumping station with an external ejector allows you to raise water from a great depth, but requires the laying of another line for water recirculation

The overwhelming majority of pumping stations are equipped with a hydraulic accumulator, which provides the necessary supply of water and reduces the frequency of switching on the pump. However, there are also models without a storage tank - their automation turns on the pump every time the valve opens or the toilet bowl is filled.

The advantage of such units is their compactness, low price and ability to maintain stable pressure. Known shortcomings in the form of a lack of reserve and frequent switching on of the pump are complemented by high requirements for connecting parts and other elements of the water supply system - they must cope with high pressure and water hammer.

The pumping station without a hydraulic accumulator includes a pressure regulator that will turn on the pump every time you open a faucet in the kitchen or bathroom

Specifications

The main technical characteristics of the pumping station are pressure and performance. It is on these parameters that it depends whether the equipment will be able to provide the required water pressure in the system, and also whether it will be enough if several outlet valves are opened at the same time.

Data on a specific brand of pumping station can be found in the technical data sheet for the product - the manufacturer indicates them on the first pages of the instructions.

pressure

If you wondered what the pump flow should be, then the required characteristics can be calculated independently. So, the pressure is determined by the formula H \u003d (Hn + Hi + L / 10 + Hd), where Hn is the nominal water pressure in the system (1.5-3 bar), Hi is the suction depth, L is the length of the horizontal section of the pipeline from the pump to the house , Hd - the height of the flow points above the level of the laying of the supply line.

A simple diagram showing the linear parameters of the water supply system will help to make a hydraulic calculation to determine the pressure characteristic of the pump

Performance

It is also easy to determine the volume of water that the pumping station should supply per unit of time. To do this, you should count the number of all simultaneously open supply points (faucets in the kitchen and in the bathroom, plus the toilet bowl) and determine the total amount of water in liters that should pass through them per minute. To bring this value to a standard value (cubic meters/hour), it should be divided by 1000 and multiplied by 60 (for example, 20 l/min = 20/1000×60 = 1.2 cubic meters/hour).

Average consumption values ​​​​of the main plumbing fixtures

Since pressure and performance are not linearly related to each other, equipment manufacturers often provide information on its technical characteristics in the form of a graph.

When calculating productivity and pressure, the possibility of a water source should not be discounted. If the debit of a well or well is lower than the consumption value, then such negative moments as strong pressure drops, intermittent water supply, shutdown of the pump by the automation device or equipment failure are possible.

The power of its electric motor depends on the performance of the pump - most often this parameter is in the range of 500 W - 2 kW (for domestic pumping stations). It will not work to save electricity by choosing an NS with a low power - at best, a thin stream will flow at the outlet of the mixer spout.

The only thing I would like to recommend is not to buy a unit with a large margin in terms of pressure and the amount of pumped water. A pumping station that meets the calculated performance will have optimal power, which means that you, one way or another, will avoid unnecessary spending on electricity.

Knowing the pressure and performance, it is not difficult to determine the specific model of the pumping station of a particular manufacturer - this will help the summary graphs of the technical characteristics of their products

Storage tank volume

The frequency of switching on the pump and the reserve amount of water in case of a power outage depend on the size of the accumulator. The first factor affects the durability of the electric motor of the unit, since the risk of breakdown of its electrical windings most often occurs during start-up. This is due to the fact that at this time the current strength reaches its maximum values. The supply of water in the house is also of no small importance, however, in both cases, it should be remembered that the price of a hydraulic accumulator and its capacity are connected by an almost linear relationship.

The industry produces hydraulic accumulators of any size, therefore, in the event of frequent power outages, the pumping station can be equipped with an increased volume tank

You should not think that a 50-liter storage tank contains exactly this amount of water. The fact is that the tank consists of two chambers, one of which is occupied by liquid, and the other by air pumped into the storage tank.

Despite the simplest design, the accumulator performs important functions - it eliminates water hammer, reduces the frequency of pump starts and allows you to create a reserve supply of water.

Depending on the pressure in the air chamber, which can vary between 0.8 - 4 atm and the settings of the pressure switch, the usable volume can be from 30 to 45% of the tank capacity.

You can learn how to adjust the pressure in the hydraulic accumulator of a pumping station from an article posted in another section of our website:

Video: How to correctly calculate the volume of a hydraulic accumulator

Manufacturing materials

In the distribution network you can find pumps with the same technical characteristics and cost, which in some cases differs by several times. The thing is that manufacturers use different materials, and this affects both the durability of the equipment and its reliability. So, accumulators of domestic pumping stations are most often made of black or stainless steel sheet. The latter are excellent in resisting corrosion and have a maximum service life, but have a higher cost.

When installing a pumping station in a damp pit or a damp basement, you cannot do without a stainless steel hydraulic accumulator - in such conditions, simple steel will rust in a few years

It is also important what material the pump housing and its impellers are made of. If it is plastic, then you will pay inexpensively, but you should not count on the durable operation of the unit. Middle-class equipment parts are made of steel and cast iron, so it has good quality at a moderate cost.

Aluminum, brass and bronze are used to manufacture the body and components of pumping stations of the highest category, so they are distinguished by maximum durability. Of course, the use of non-ferrous metals affects the price of equipment - be prepared to shell out a tidy sum.

Premium-class brass impellers will not corrode over their entire service life, so they are the key to long, reliable operation.

Automation of pumping stations

Each pumping station includes a pressure switch - a device that is responsible for turning the pump on and off. Relays from well-known manufacturers are distinguished by a reinforced contact group, a stainless steel membrane chamber and high quality of other parts. During operation, they do not require intervention in the work. Cheap start-regulating equipment suffers from such phenomena as corrosion of individual parts, weakening of spring assemblies, burning of contacts, etc., therefore, they require periodic adjustment or repair.

The pressure switch is responsible for the timely switching on and off of the pump, which, due to its simplicity, is highly reliable.

To increase the reliability of the units, manufacturers equip them with a protection system against dry running and overheating. The first system will turn off the power to the pump if water disappears in the supply line for some reason. The thermal relay will prevent combustion or breakdown of the electric motor windings when the power unit is heated above the permissible temperature. Although protective systems increase the cost of equipment, they should not be abandoned, especially if you plan to feed the water supply from a source with a limited debit.

The dry running sensor looks very similar to a pressure switch. The purpose of the device is indicated only by the button, which indicates the need to manually turn on the device after an emergency operation

Installation method

According to the type of installation, pumping stations are divided into two types:

• surface location - installed in a house or near a water source - in a ground structure or pit;
• buried units, which incorporate a deep pump and provide water lifting from depths up to 300 m (such NSs are more likely to be professional equipment).

Any home master can install a surface pumping station of the type. As for submersible equipment, it is better to entrust its installation to professionals.

Most pumping stations require installation next to the well, since the length of their suction line does not exceed 8-10 m

Comparative characteristics of pumping stations

To facilitate the choice of pumping equipment, you can use the table with data on its technical characteristics and features.

As for the parameters of units for autonomous water supply of a particular brand, each company provides comprehensive information on the models produced and their technical characteristics. You can find the parameters of several of the most popular pumping stations from the table below.

Pump station of which manufacturer to choose

It is no coincidence that pumping equipment of popular brands has a higher cost than units of less famous manufacturers. Serious companies are investing not only in production, but also in developing technologies. In addition, no manufacturer that has been building its reputation for decades will allow itself to use low-quality materials - this is exactly what little-known brands suffer in an attempt to attract a client with a low price.

High manufacturability, high-quality materials and assembly culture distinguish branded equipment from hundreds of units of other, less well-known companies

It is best to choose a water supply station from the range of manufacturers Grundfos, Pedrollo, Gardena, Metabo, Wilo and other European companies.

Armed with knowledge and making the necessary calculations, feel free to go to the store for a brand new pumping station. If you still have any questions, then ask them through the feedback form. The experts of our site will provide qualified assistance in the shortest possible time.

Video: Expert advice on choosing a pumping station for home and garden

Thanks to my versatile hobbies, I write on various topics, but my favorite ones are engineering, technology and construction. Perhaps because I know a lot of nuances in these areas, not only theoretically, as a result of studying at a technical university and graduate school, but also from the practical side, since I try to do everything with my own hands.

Water pumping stations for the home are the central node of the entire autonomous water supply system for the home. After all, it is the pump and the hydraulic accumulator that generates the pressure in the home water supply, and the continuity of the water supply is monitored by another component of the station - the pressure control sensor.

In a word, without a pumping station, there will simply be no water in the home water supply. Therefore, in this article we will consider typical varieties of domestic pumping stations, paying attention to the process of installation and configuration of such equipment.

Any pumping station does three things: it pumps water from the well into the house, maintains pressure in the system, and provides a continuous supply of water. Moreover, completely different nodes of the station are “technically” responsible for these options.

For example, for the first option - the rise of water from the well - the pump and the control sensor are responsible. Moreover, the pump supplies water, and the sensor "decides" when to do it, then turning on, then turning off the pump.

The second option - pressure stabilization in the system - is implemented using completely different nodes. This work is done by a hydraulic accumulator and the same control sensor. Moreover, the sensor monitors the level of pressure in the accumulator, and that, in turn, maintains, thanks to its own excess pressure, the pressure in the water supply.

But the third option - ensuring the continuity of water supply - is implemented using all of the above nodes. But the key role in this case is played by the accumulator. Since it is in this node that there is an almost inexhaustible "supply of water", renewable by a pump operating under the control of a pressure or liquid level sensor.

As a result, realizing its main purpose - providing the owner with drinking or technical water - the pumping station works according to the following principle:

• The pump pumps water into the accumulator.
• The accumulator (hydraulic accumulator) stores a "portion" of the pumped water in order to give it away at the first request of the user.
• The control sensor monitors the timely replenishment of the accumulator by commanding the pump.

It is on this principle that all pumping stations work. But in the well-coordinated interaction of all nodes there are always certain nuances that allow us to classify the structures of the National Assembly according to certain criteria.

Classification of domestic water pumping stations

The classification of the designs of domestic pumping stations is based on the nuances of the operation of all three of the above nodes - a pump, a hydraulic accumulator and a control sensor.

And the first classification - by type of pump - divides autonomous water supply installations into submersible and surface pumping stations. Moreover, the first option (submersible) differs from the second (surface) and the design and location of the motor.

Indeed, at submersible stations, the motor is located in the well, and at surface installations, it is on the same frame with a hydraulic accumulator.

Moreover, the latter option with a common frame is more widespread than a separate design.

After all, a surface station is easier to maintain. Yes, and it will “live” much longer than the submersible counterpart, which either freezes or silts up.

That is why all popular models of pumping stations belong to the surface type. After all, it is less troublesome than with a submersible station.

The second classification method - according to the type of hydraulic accumulator - divides stations into "open" and "closed" models. The first (open) stations include stations with a storage tank, the pressure in which does not exceed one atmosphere. The consumer receives water from such a tank by gravity. And as such a container, you can use any barrel that you have to lift to the attic.

The second (closed) models include a hydraulic accumulator - a sealed reservoir with a rubber membrane, the pressure in which ranges from 2 to 5 atmospheres. Such a container can be installed even in the basement - the pressure behind the membrane will “push” the water into the water supply system with the required pressure.

And such a subspecies of installations as sewage pumping stations can do without a drive. This role is played by a septic tank or "station" septic tank, which traps heavy particles.

The third classification method - by type of control sensor - divides stations into automatic, semi-automatic and manual installations. Moreover, semi-automatic and "manual" stations work either without a sensor at all, or with a float-type mechanical device (as in a toilet tank). And such stations can only be equipped with a storage tank.

An automatic pumping station works only with a pressure sensor that monitors this indicator at the outlet of the accumulator. This is a more reliable and accurate installation option, since the pressure sensor protects the accumulator from overflow and ensures that water is supplied without noticeable delays. But the "float" mechanism is devoid of such qualities. Therefore, most HC models are equipped with pressure sensors.

Where and how to install a pumping station

The installation location of the pumping station depends on the following criteria: the type of motor, the type of storage tank and the distance from the well to the house.

Moreover, the first criterion - the type of engine - affects the installation process as follows:

• If the motor is submersible, then the installation is mounted in a caisson or in a small shed located above the mouth of the well.
• If the motor is superficial, then the installation can be mounted anywhere - even in a caisson, even in the basement of a house.

The second criterion - the type of drive - affects the installation process in this way:

• Open tanks suggest complete decentralization of the station. That is, the motor can be in the well, the tank in the attic, and the sensor at the switchboard (if it is not missing at all).
• The accumulator involves the installation of the station in the basement or in an insulated extension.

The third criterion - the remoteness of the well from the house - affects the installation process of the pumping station as follows:

• Nearby wells can be serviced by a hydraulic accumulator unit located directly in the kitchen and a low-noise and low-power pump.
• Distant wells will have to be serviced by an installation located in the basement, caisson or annex, which will be equipped with a powerful pump that generates maximum pressure. And such units create a constant noise background. Therefore, they are kept away from residential premises.

According to professional plumbers, the following criteria influence the choice of a particular model of a pumping station:

• The number of permanent residents in the house. This criterion affects the performance of the unit, since low-power stations will not be able to provide water to a large number of "users". Therefore, the more residents in the house, the more powerful the station should be.
• The depth of the well and the height of the house. This criterion must meet the height of the rise of the water column. Otherwise, the station simply will not push water to the point of consumption. That is, for remote and deep wells, you need to buy a station with a maximum water column height.
• Intensity of water use. This criterion also determines the volume of the accumulator. That is, if young people, working or students live in the house, then the battery can be quite small. Well, if there are small children in the house, which involves frequent washing, then residents will no longer do without a large battery.

However, pumping stations are good because each element of their design can be replaced with a new unit with improved performance and functionality.

Pumping stations- this is equipment used to quickly and uninterruptedly supply water and maintain pressure in the system at a certain level.

Technical features of pumping stations

To date, manufacturers offer a wide range of such units. Among this variety, you will definitely be able to choose the option suitable for a private house or for a summer residence. After all, pumping stations are designed not only for organizing water supply systems, but also for watering gardens and orchards. A submersible station for a well can pump from a great depth, which will allow you to use water at a convenient time for you, without spending physical strength to extract it.

When choosing a model, you need to pay attention to its main technical characteristics: power, performance, dimensions. You should also take into account the distance from the place of its installation to the water source.

The best option for a home is an automatic pumping station. Such an installation turns on and off depending on the pressure and pressure of the water. These models are the most economical and efficient and, importantly, have an affordable price for most consumers.

Advantages

1. The operation of the pumping station is practically silent.
2. There are no problems during maintenance and operation.
3. There is overload protection.
4. Sufficient mobility.

The sewage pumping station is used for pumping wastewater when it is impossible for them to independently enter the sewer collectors and treatment facilities. It is used in domestic and storm sewer systems.

Installation and adjustment of pumping stations should be carried out by professionals. That is why we recommend entrusting the installation and connection of this equipment to the specialists of our company. They will do the job efficiently and quickly.