Types of simple sentences by structure. Common and non-common, complete and incomplete

All sentences in Russian are built according to a certain type, depending on the presence / absence of certain elements, the meaning or construction of the smallest communicative unit.

So, for example, if we analyze sentences from the point of view of the purpose of the statement, we can see three types:

Narrative, containing information (I went to school.)

Interrogative (Will you go to college?)

Incentives (Go to class.)

Regardless of the purpose of the utterance, the sentence may have other characteristics. For example, according to intonation, one construction can be either non-exclamatory (I have come.) Or exclamatory (I have come!).

If we consider the basis of the proposal, then we can single out single-component structures (with one main member) or two-component structures (with a full basis) - It is dawning. Think about your actions. Silence. (Single-part). I like summer very much. (two-part).

Finally, this syntactic structure can be considered from the point of view of the presence or absence of secondary members.

Common sentences consist of and are considered However, in order for a sentence to be common, a “complete set” of secondary members is not needed, but at least one of them is enough. (In the morning, school teachers are preparing for lessons. The notebook is on the table. A new employee has arrived. I will be back in the morning). All the examples given are common sentences with a different "set" of secondary members.

Accordingly, those constructions that have no other members, except for the grammatical basis - Silence, are considered non-common. It's getting light. The city is waking up.

From the foregoing, the conclusion follows: non-common and common sentences can be different in intonational coloring. (Bring a book! Please don't cry. Are you crying? How can you?!)

Very often, students make a gross mistake when using the phrase "a simple common sentence." It is impossible to say so, because the category of prevalence / non-proliferation applies only to. If we are talking about complex, then we should speak separately about each of its parts. Let's take an example.

It is dawning, and the ice covering the puddles begins to melt.

narrative (according to the purpose of the statement);

non-exclamatory (according to intonation);

complex (according to the number of parts or grammatical bases);

compound, because its parts are connected by a coordinating connecting union, indicating that the action of the parts occurs simultaneously;

The first part ("Dawn") is a simple one-part uncommon sentence;

The second part is a simple, two-part, common sentence.

Minor members can refer to any member of the sentence. Their task is to expand, clarify or clarify the meaning - The guest entered the room. The new guest timidly entered the crowded room.

When analyzing a sentence, one should not lose sight of the fact that the categories of prevalence or non-proliferation are accepted in school grammar. In academic Russian, these features are studied more deeply, which the school curriculum does not take into account. Therefore, discrepancies in the concept of "common and non-common proposals" are sometimes possible. For example, from the point of view of the school curriculum, appeals or are not members of the proposal, therefore, they cannot distribute it. Therefore, the design "Vanya, let's go!" will be considered a simple, one-part, non-extended sentence, complicated by circulation. From the point of view of some linguists, the independent word form (“Vanya”) introduced into the construction makes it possible to consider the sentence as widespread.

1. Read the information .

Uncommon proposal- a sentence that consists only of the main members (subject and predicate).

Common Suggestion- a sentence in which, in addition to the main ones (subject and predicate), there are also secondary members of the sentence (addition, definition, circumstance).

2. Consider examples uncommon and common offers.

The location of the subject and predicate in non-common sentences may look like this.

• Subject + predicate. The birches turned yellow.
• Predicate + subject. Lightning flashed.
• Subject + predicate, predicate. Everything is green and blooming.
• Subject + predicate, predicate, predicate. The cubs played, fought, tumbled.
• Subject + predicate AND predicate.
• Predicate + subject AND subject. Winter and spring meet.
• Predicate + subject, subject, subject AND subject. Apple trees, pears, cherries and plums blossomed.

Predicate AND predicate + subject, subject AND subject. Bushes, trees and blades of grass awaken and come to life.

Simple common sentences. Examples on the topic - HOW THE ANIMALS ARE PREPARING FOR WINTER

Examples of simple common sentences with the word - AUTUMN

Examples of simple common sentences with the word - WIND

How to make an uncommon offer - THE EARTH IS RICH - common

EXAMPLES OF UNCOMMON OFFERS.

The sentences are arranged alphabetically (according to the letter of the first word in the sentence).

A

The storks got scared and hid.

B

The birch is alive. The birches turned yellow. The snake flashed. Lightning flashed.

Bears roam. It was September.

IN

A blizzard is blowing. The wind is noisy. The wind howls. The thread has wobbled. The lark flew up. The sun has risen. The water darkened. The cubs played, fought, tumbled. Sparrow calmed down. The sparrow took off. Here is the blizzard. Here comes the squirrel. Everything is green and blooming. Everything is frozen.

G

Thunder boomed. Bees and bumblebees are buzzing.

D

The tree swayed. The trees swayed. The trees withered, degenerated.

E

Hedgehogs play, frolic.

W

Nature is sad. The birds were silent. The kitten meowed. The sun shone.

The pond also fell asleep. Frost crackled. The bushes crackled. Apple trees, pears, cherries and plums blossomed. The firs rustled. The hare looked around. The earth trembled.

AND

It's raining. There is a storm.

TO

The forest brightened up. The forest is sleeping. The leaves flew off. Leaves trembled, tore off and flew. Leaves fell and fell. The fishing has begun. It's raining. It's raining. People ran. People listened and smiled. The frogs croaked.

M

The boy fell. A shadow flickered. Silent fields and forests.The forest, and the wind, and the water are silent. The frost was getting stronger. Frost crackles.

A hairy bumblebee flew up to the daisies and buzzed loudly. The ants fussed. The ants are busy. We fell silent.

H

A cloud ran up. The wind came up. Autumn has come. Twilight came on. Evening came. Dawn has come. Morning has come. The cold has come. The storm has begun. The snowfall has begun. The sky turned black. The sky cleared up.

The sky is overcast. Nora collapsed.

ABOUT

P

Snow falls. Snow fell. The sun was beating down. Moose graze. The songs are silent.

The snow ran. Brooks ran. It snowed. The carriage jumped.

The weather has changed. Dust has risen. The bunnies grew up and grew bolder.

The winds blew. Approach it autumn. The sun appeared. The strawberries ripen.

Streams flowed. The kidneys are swollen. Birds are singing. A swallow appeared.

There are chanterelles, mushrooms, russula, raincoats, butterflies.

Summer has come . Animals run by. Moose run by. Birds fly by.

It rained. The cold is refreshing and invigorating. The storm has passed. The fox ran. A mouse ran. Bushes, trees and blades of grass awaken and come to life. The owl screamed. The grasshopper woke up. The summer has passed. Autumn has passed too. A mouse darted. The distances are clearing up. The bird got up and flew away.

The birds are in a hurry.

R

Work has stopped. The work didn't stop. There were voices.

The bell rang. There was a crack. Bells, forget-me-nots are blooming.

WITH

The seedlings took root, got stronger, grew up. Lightning flashed.

Oriole whistles. Voices are heard. A call is heard. Sounds and voices are heard. Snow sparkles, sparkles. The snow has melted. The snow has come down. The dog stopped. The sun was setting. The pines are frozen. Worth December.

Grasshoppers chirp. The arrow moved.

T

Snow is melting. The silence is worth it.

At

X

The downpour poured down. Bough crunched.

C

Willows bloomed. Lilies of the valley, dandelions and strawberries bloom.The flowers withered, turned yellow.

W

The whisper subsides. The bumblebee is buzzing. Noisy, raging bad weather.

SCH

The puppy whined.

I

I stood and listened. I've calmed down. The lizards are gone.

3. Let's complete online tasks .

Tests on the topic "Offers"

They are much more common than uncommon. This is due to the fact that the former offer the writer much more room for detail: different ways to spread the sentence open up new facets of artistic wealth, allow you to weave metaphors and interesting details into the text. This article will consider examples of common proposals that differ in the method of distribution, composition, complexity, and other criteria.

Sentences extended by definitions

Definitions are purely descriptive tools. With their help, you cannot fill the sentence with any kind of certainty or specificity, but you can make them more colorful. Here are some examples of common sentences that use definitions:

It is easy to see that the sentences from the second column are brighter, more colorful, and more interesting.

Offers common circumstances

Circumstances are a kind of artist's tools that can characterize and embellish actions, add specificity to them, and completely change the tone of a sentence. Compare:

As examples of common sentences show, circumstances can significantly change, distort the meaning and fill it with bright colors.

Offers distributed by add-ons

This distribution method works effectively only in combination with the others, but in the end you can get a very convincing result. For example:

Examples of common sentences and uncommon passages from which they were formed prove that additions, circumstances and definitions are a key means of artistic expression.

Complicated sentences

A separate group of common proposals is complicated. You can complicate the sentence with homogeneous members, appeals, participles and participles. Here is an example of such a proposal:

• Colleague, I saw a case that interested you. (Appeal - "colleague", participial turnover - "interested you").

One-part sentences

One-part sentences can also be common. For example:

• This morning it was getting light slowly, measuredly, gradually.
• Noisy, cheerful evening in good company.

In the first case, there is no subject in the sentence, in the second there is no predicate, but these are still full-fledged common sentences.

Complex sentences

By themselves, complex sentences cannot certainly be considered common, but they can be distributed in the same way as simple ones. For example:

• It had been raining since the morning, passers-by did not let go of their umbrellas, and motorists were angry because it was impossible to understand exactly where the pits were due to puddles on the roads.

In this lesson, you will learn what secondary members of a sentence are, learn how to find them, and learn the function of secondary members in a sentence. And also learn which sentences are called common and which are not common, learn to distinguish between them.

Word girl- this is the subject, it is underlined with one line. Girl (What's up?) is reading- this is a predicate, it is emphasized by two features. girl reading- the main members of the sentence, they express the main meaning of the sentence.

There are other words in the second sentence:

Girl(which?) small

Is reading(What?) book

These words helped us to know that the girl was not big, but small, and that she was reading a book, not a magazine. These words are secondary members of the sentence.

Minor members of the proposal are called, which serve to explain, clarify, supplement the main or other minor members of the proposal.

So, you have learned that, in addition to the main members, there are secondary ones in the sentence. Minor members have a second degree of importance. What do you think, are there sentences consisting only of minor members? Consider an example:

There is a white tablecloth on the table(Fig. 2) .

Rice. 2. Table with tablecloth ()

This sentence is about a tablecloth. Tablecloth - subject. Tablecloth(what is he doing?) lies - predicate. lies(Where?) on the table - This is a minor member of the sentence, which explains the predicate. Tablecloth(which?) white - This is a minor member of the sentence, which explains the subject.

If we remove all minor terms, we get the following sentence:

The tablecloth lies.

The meaning of this proposal remains clear.

If you remove all the main members of the sentence, this is what happens:

White on the table.

There is no offer and the meaning is not clear.

This task helped to understand that the main members did not get their name by chance - they are the basis of the whole sentence. And the minor members are only explain, clarify And complement main.

Sometimes minor members of a sentence explain other minor members. Consider an example:

Falling leaves in the autumn park(Fig. 3) .

Rice. 3. Autumn park ()

The sentence is about leaves. Leaves - this is the subject, we emphasize it with one line. Leaves(what do they do?) fall - this is a predicate, we emphasize it with two lines. are falling(Where?) in the park - a minor member of the sentence, which clarifies the predicate. In the park (what?) autumn - a minor member of the sentence, which clarifies the minor dick in the park.

Secondary terms can explain not only the main, but also the secondary terms.

By the presence of secondary members, the proposals are divided into uncommon And common. Non-common sentences consist only of main members, for example:

Squirrel jumping.

If in addition to the main members there are secondary members in the sentence, such a sentence is called widespread, for example:

Red squirrel jumping from branch to branch(Fig. 4).

Rice. 4. Squirrel on a tree ()

Read the sentences. Find the main terms. Determine which sentences are common and which are not common.

The sun shines brightly(Fig. 5).

Rice. 5. Bright sun ()

Light clouds float across the sky(Fig. 6).

Birds are singing(Fig. 7).

Rice. 7. Singing bird ()

A blue snowdrop peeked out(Fig. 8).

Rice. 8. Blue snowdrop ()

Brooks ran(Fig. 9).

Rice. 9. Streams run ()

Resin smelled fragrant buds(Fig. 10).

Rice. 10. Blooming buds ()

Spring has come(Fig. 11).

Let's check:

The sun shines brightly

Light clouds float across the sky is a common suggestion.

singbirds

looked outblue snowdrop is a common suggestion.

Let's runstreams- uncommon offer.

Resin smelled fragrant buds is a common suggestion.

Has comespring- uncommon offer.

Read the sentences. Using reference words, complete the sentences to make them common.

Icicles hung.

Streams ran.

The kids are allowed.

Reference words: boats, sonorous, from roofs, long, along ravines, paper.

Let's check what happened:

Long icicles hung from the roofs.

Ringing streams ran along the ravines.

Kids launch paper boats.

Determine which parts of the sentence are the underlined words:

Marina walked in the park. Suddenly a black one appeared in the sky cloud. Has begun strong rain. The girl is back home.

Walked(what did you do?) - predicate.

Cloud(what?) - subject.

Strong(what?) - a minor member of the sentence.

Home(where?) - a minor member of the sentence.

In this lesson, you learned that minor members of a sentence are distinguished in a sentence. By the presence of secondary members, proposals are common and non-common.

Bibliography

1. Klimanova L.F., Babushkina T.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Enlightenment, 2012
2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. Russian language. 2. - M.: Balass, 2012
3. Ramzaeva T.G. Russian language. 2. - M.: Bustard, 2013

1. Infourok.ru ().
2. Nsportal.ru ().
3. Nsportal.ru ().

Homework

• Define the secondary members of the sentence.
• Choose a sentence that is not shared by minor members:

The sun gently warms the earth.

Leaves fall silently.

Vova loves to paint.

Masha came from a walk.

It's raining.

• Come up with two sentences for each word, one of them should be common, and the second - not common. Words: girl, apple, snow.

First of all, you need to understand what, in general, uncirculated proposals. So, such proposals mean those proposals that in their composition do not have secondary members at all, which make the proposal widespread. In other words, non-disseminated proposals can only consist of the main members or one of them. Examples:

1) The boy fell;

2) Tanya went;

3) it was getting dark;

4) The sun has risen.

If you have a task to give a few examples, then at the moment, there are a lot of them and a lot.

Now, I will give some very popular suggestions:

• The boy fell;
• Sasha screams;
• The wind blew;
• Gloomy.

And many others.

An uncommon sentence is when the sentence consists of a subject and a predicate, and there are no minor members.

For example:

• Spring came
• The birds have flown away

An uncommon sentence can also consist of one predicate: It was getting dark.

Non-distributed proposals do not contain minor members in their composition.

Examples of such proposals are as follows:

The wind blew.

She smiled.

It's evening.

The wave has gone.

As we can see, in all sentences there is only a grammatical basis. In some cases, it is the subject and the predicate, in others the circumstance.

Examples of uncommon sentences in Russian:

The sun has risen.

The birds sang.

Brightened up.

The mother smiled.

The dog barked.

As you can see from the examples that I gave above, such sentences consist of main members (of one or two), i.e. grammatical basis of the sentence. And that's it. The offer does not include other members. suggestion: there is no definition, no circumstances, etc. That is why they are called non-common.

It is easy to turn uncommon sentences into common ones. Let's do it with the suggestions above.

The morning sun has risen.

Our birds have been singing all day today.

It cleared up after lunch.

Mother smiled kindly.

The neighbor's dog barked loudly.

An uncommon sentence is a sentence that has only the main members of the sentence in its composition, that is, there are no predicate and subject secondary members of the sentence. For example: Birds fly, The stream shines, The forest has darkened.

All sentences in Russian are widespread and non-common.

In common sentences there are secondary members(definition, addition, circumstance).

And here they are absent in non-common offers, And contain only subject and predicate.

Uncommon offers may include both the main members, and just one of them.

If some main member is missing, then non-common sentences are called one-piece.

One-part sentences are definitely personal, indefinitely personal, impersonal(they don't have a subject) and nominal(they don't have a predicate).

Here are some examples of uncommon offers:

1) I dream

2) Very scary!

3) It's getting dark.

4) The hare is running away.

5) It's snowing.

6) The birds are singing.

8) The brother laughed.

9) It's cold.

An uncommon sentence consists of a grammatical basis without minor members. For example. Autumn has come. It was evening. Ah, summer, summer! In turn, the grammatical basis in the sentence can be complete or incomplete. Accordingly, with a full basis, the proposal will be two-part, if one of them is present, it will be one-part (As in the examples).

• In a sentence, one can distinguish the grammatical basis (subject, predicate) and secondary members (addition, definition, circumstance).

  If there is a complete set - that is, it is possible to single out both the grammatical basis and at least one minor member, then this is already a common sentence.

  Uncommon proposal consists of only from the grammatical basis. Moreover, the grammatical basis can be incomplete- that is, consist only of the subject or only of the predicate.

  Examples uncommon suggestions:

  • The kitten is playing.
  • Mom cleans up.
  • It's getting light.
  • Cold.
  • I sit and listen.

• Non-common sentences are sentences that consist of two words, or rather from the base: a verb and a subject, or only one word, the same subject or action.

  Examples:

  • The ostrich ran away.
  • The mare lay down.
  • The groom is tired.
  • The zoo is open.
  • It was evening.
  • It was quiet.
  • He laughed.

  Common sentences are that base, but when adjectives, pronouns of place and time, and so on are added to them.

  Example:

  • She ran fast.
  • He suddenly laughed.
  • The groom was tired after his shift.