Candles from urethritis for women: description, application, advantages and disadvantages. Inflammation of the urethra in women. Symptoms and treatment, folk remedies for urethritis Urethral suppositories

Urethritis in women is quite common. This disease is an inflammatory process of the urethra, it can be acute or chronic, depending on the nature of the course.

Women are more susceptible to the development of urethritis than men, which is explained by the anatomical features of the structure of the urethra - in females it is wider and shorter, which contributes to the rapid penetration of various bacterial agents.

Despite the fact that acute or chronic inflammation in urethritis in women does not pose a danger to the life of the patient, nevertheless, the disease delivers many unpleasant symptoms, disrupting the normal functioning of a person. In addition, if not adequately treated, the infection can spread through the urinary tract, causing the development of other diseases.

What is urethritis?

Urethritis- This is a disease of the urethra (urethra), in which the mucous membrane becomes inflamed. It is caused by fungi, viruses, bacteria, the consequence of allergic reactions or damage to the canal.
Men and women are susceptible to urological disease, the symptoms and course of the disease differ due to the different anatomical structure of the urinary system.

The disease in men manifests itself faster with characteristic symptoms, in contrast to women, whose manifestations may be latent and may appear within 3 weeks.

Without medical treatment, it becomes chronic, and inflammatory foci cover a large area, affecting the organs of the urinary and reproductive systems, which leads to infertility. Therefore, it is very important to immediately contact specialists when the first signs appear.

Stages and degrees

In medicine, urethritis is divided into two large groups - infectious and non-infectious.

The first group includes species caused only by infections:

• gonorrheal;
• trichomonas;
• tuberculosis.

And also this includes non-specific causes of urethritis:

• bacterial;
• viral;
• mycotic;
• chlamydia;
• candida.

The group of non-infectious species includes:

• traumatic;
• stagnant;
• allergic;
• caused by diseases of the urethra.

In addition to the above types, there are residual, iatrogenic and psychogenic causes of inflammation of the urinary canal.

Urethritis has stages of development:

1. Spicy. They affect up to 80% of women. Characteristic signs: sharp pains in the urethra, frequent urination, fever.
2. Chronic. From the initial stage with mild symptoms to the transition to the chronic form, 20 or more days may pass.

Causes of urethritis in women

Causes of infectious urethritis:

• sexual contact without barrier protection with a partner, which is a carrier of pathogenic pathogens (gardnerella, chlamydia, gonococci, Trichomonas, mycoplasmas);
• urinary tract infections, pathogens (staphylococci, pneumococci, streptococci and viruses) are introduced into the urethra with blood flow and cause inflammation;
• gynecological infectious diseases, the consequence of which is a decrease in immunity (local), a violation of the normal microflora of the vagina and the provocation of inflammatory foci on the membrane of the urethra.

Causes of non-infectious urethritis:

• trauma and impact on the canal(frequent catheterization, cystoscopy, damage to the urethra when taking a smear, exacerbation of urolithiasis with the release of stones, after the introduction of a colloidal silver preparation into the canal);
• allergic reaction to contraceptives(condoms), pharmaceuticals and personal care products (gels, shampoos, scented soaps);
• decreased immunity;
• chemical contraceptives;
• long-term use of antibacterial drugs;
• metabolic disease(exchange of phosphorus, calcium and the release of an increased amount of uric acid salts);
• sudden hormonal changes;
• violation of the outflow of blood in the organs located in the pelvis;
• channel structure(narrowing of the urethra);
• neoplasms(tumors, warts, caruncles, papillomas, polyps) in the canal;
• hypothermia(strong one-time or reusable not too strong);
• excessive consumption of spicy, sour, pickled, fried foods and alcoholic beverages causes irritation of the canal membrane.

Causes and development of the disease

Let's now talk about the most interesting thing - why everything happens this way.

So, I would venture to say that all cases of urethritis in women are associated with a gynecological disease - a violation of the microflora of the vagina, or vaginal dysbiosis. Dysbacteriosis lies in the fact that instead of normal microflora, some kind of bacterium appears in the vagina in large quantities, which normally or should not be there at all, or should, but in very small quantities. This bacterium can also become a sexual infection - chlamydia, ureaplasma, Trichomonas, etc., but most often it is either a mixed (mixed) flora, or an opportunistic pathogen.

I constantly hear the question - where does it (flora) come from. I answer. The term "opportunistic" means that the bacterium becomes pathogenic, that is, causes inflammation, only under certain conditions. In fact, this happens only when there are a lot of bacteria, that is, when there are conditions for their reproduction. And in a small amount, all these pathogens are in our body in a variety of places - on the skin, in the intestines, in the lungs, etc.

Numerous factors can lead to a violation of the vaginal microflora - all the same hypothermia, gynecological diseases, antibiotic treatment, stress, malnutrition, etc. In my life I have seen only a few women who did not have a disturbed vaginal microflora, and I have never met a normal microflora in the vagina in women suffering from urethritis or cystitis.

So we have the pathogen in the vagina. It constantly enters the urethra and causes its chronic inflammation. As long as the immunity of the urethral wall copes with the situation, no symptoms of the disease occur.

During sexual intercourse, there is a more intense reflux of microflora into the urethra, in addition, sexual intercourse itself is a considerable burden for the urethra. Therefore, almost always exacerbations of urethritis are associated with sexual activity. But not only with her.

Forms of the disease

According to the clinical course, two forms of urethritis are distinguished:

• acute form with a clearly and clearly expressed clinical picture at the initial stage of the disease. At this stage, the first symptoms appear, which should be a signal to immediately consult a doctor (urologist). Inflammation of the canal membrane, detected within 20 days from the onset of formation, can be treated quickly and successfully.
• Chronic form of urethritis- a consequence of the acute form, at the stage of which the symptoms were ignored, the disease was not detected and no medication was prescribed. The disease after 20 days passes into a latent chronic stage, becomes stable, has a less pronounced manifestation, the chronic form is difficult to treat, manifests itself with hypothermia, weakened immunity, malnutrition, with a gynecological disease, urolithiasis and after violent sexual intercourse. The chronic form provokes inflammatory processes in other organs (diseases of cystitis, pyelonephritis) and can cause deformation of the urethra. The form lasts for months and years.

According to etiology, they are distinguished:

• Infectious (causative agents of fungi, viruses and pathogenic microorganisms) are divided into two types: specific(causative agents of gardnerella, chlamydia, Trichomonas, gonococci, mycoplasmas);
• nonspecific(pathogens pneumococci, staphylococci, streptococci, Escherichia coli).

According to the type of pathogen, they are divided into:

• Gonorrheal(pathogen gonococcus).
• Non-gonorrheal (candidiasis)(causative agents of candida, Trichomonas, bacteria, viruses and fungi).

According to the mechanism of development of foci:

• Primary(processes start in a channel).
• Secondary(processes begin due to infection from another organ that has undergone inflammation).

Folk remedies

Therapy with medicines has gone far ahead, but urethritis in women is often treated with folk remedies that have not become obsolete so far. Natural components contain microelements, vitamins, which contribute to the weakening of the symptoms of the disease, the improvement of the body. However, it is recommended to use folk remedies as an addition to the treatment of urethritis.

Here are some folk recipes that will help you cure this unpleasant disease:

• Parsley tincture. Such a remedy must be taken every few hours, three tablespoons. To prepare the tincture, pour one tablespoon of raw materials with half a liter of water, leave to infuse all night. In the morning the tincture will be ready.
• Two glasses of yellow zelenchuk tincture (daily rate) will help get rid of the problem. To prepare the tincture, pour a quarter liter of hot water over one tablespoon of the herb. In twelve hours it will be ready for use.
• Blackcurrant leaves (3 tsp) should be poured with half a liter of boiling water and drunk as tea.
• Flower tincture of cornflower. Use this remedy twice a day, two tablespoons before meals. The remedy is prepared as follows: the flowers of the plant are poured with a quarter liter of boiling water. After that, you have to wait a few hours.

By taking various tinctures, you bring the moment of recovery closer. They are easy to prepare at home.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis of the disease is made and treatment is prescribed after a thorough diagnosis by a specialist (urologist).

Carry out the following diagnostic activities:

• patient interview(complaints about the general condition, discomfort, frequency of urge to urinate, about the presence of chronic diseases, about the operation being performed);
• inspection and touch(palpation) by a urologist of the external opening of the canal and tissues around. In the acute form, the patient experiences unpleasant painful sensations;
• general blood analysis(the degree of development of inflammation is determined by the level of leukocytes) and urine (the first portion);
• taking and seeding channel content to determine the causative agent of the disease;
• ultrasound pelvic organs to exclude inflammatory processes in other organs;
• PCR diagnostics of discharge from the urethra. Ultra-sensitive diagnostics is used in urology and gynecology to quickly and accurately determine the causative agents of infectious diseases.
• ureteroscopy is prescribed only at the chronic stage and the general condition of the urethra is studied.

How should the treatment be

In the treatment of chronic urethritis in women, three main tasks are solved.

1. Restoration of the properties of the wall of the urethra. It is necessary to do this in any case, but this task is of particular importance in severe cases of the disease, when inflammation is no longer directly related to infection.

2. Restoration of the normal microflora of the vagina. As long as there is a constant infection of the wall of the urethra with microorganisms from the vagina, the urethritis will return again and again. There is only one way to interrupt this - to populate the vagina with those microorganisms that should live there. It is not at all easy to do this, this part of the course of treatment cannot be standard and is selected only individually.

3. Restoration of the immune system. In violation of the microflora of the vagina, with prolonged inflammation of the urethra, and very often when trying to treat, the immunity of the body as a whole and the immunity of the bladder wall in particular suffer. If you do not restore it, the treatment will not have a lasting effect. It is very important to constantly remember that general and local immunity are restored in different ways, in completely different ways. Limiting yourself to the appointment of a weak immunomodulator is the same as doing nothing.

Common symptoms of urethritis

According to clinical manifestations, it is impossible to make an accurate diagnosis, since many symptoms are similar to cystitis (inflammation of the inner mucous membrane of the bladder wall) and some gynecological diseases.

If discomfort occurs in the lower abdomen, you should immediately undergo an examination by a gynecologist and urologist in order to accurately diagnose the disease and prescribe timely treatment. With the onset and course of the disease, there may be no severe abdominal pain and fever.

Symptoms:

• loss of appetite in rare cases;
• weakness and malaise in rare cases;
• urination is accompanied by unpleasant sensations (pain and burning);
• discomfort in the lower abdomen (constant dull pain in acute initial form and periodic in chronic);
• yellow-greenish or purulent discharge with a pungent odor;
• irritation of the external genital organs, accompanied by itching (increased during menstruation);
• sometimes difficult urination with fruitless urging.

Symptoms depending on the causative agent of urethritis

Symptoms

Inflammation of the urethra, which has a non-gonococcal form caused by opportunistic microflora, is not as pronounced in women as in the gonococcal form.

Symptoms are subtle, which often leads to complications due to late access to medical professionals:

• burning, soreness, with the act of urination;
• frequent calls;
• itching in the genital area;
• rare discharge, greenish-yellow color.

With the gonococcal form, the symptoms are more vivid and unpleasant:

• constant discharge of green or yellow color, often having a bloody structure, with an unpleasant odor;
• sharp pains in the lower abdomen;
• redness of the outlet of the urethra;
• pain when urinating;
• temperature increase;
• the appearance of a small amount of blood after intercourse;
• heavy, painful periods.

Stages of disease development

Female urethritis is divided into 3 stages:

1. At the first stage of urethritis, an exacerbation of the disease occurs, which does not manifest itself constantly (from time to time) and differ in strength. Symptoms may be mild, rare, but the woman feels that inflammatory processes are occurring in the body. Symptoms may be completely absent and a woman lives a full life, not noticing anything. Such exacerbations cannot push for a trip to a specialist.
2. The second stage is characterized by stronger and more frequent exacerbations. Symptoms of the disease become apparent, there are a lot of exacerbations at this stage. The woman is aware that abnormal processes are taking place in the genitourinary system and at this stage she turns to specialists, but exacerbations can no longer be dulled with conventional antibiotics.
3. The third stage is the most difficult and is characterized by constant pulling pains in the lower abdomen, burning and itching at this stage in the urethra do not stop. Taking antibiotics can worsen the general condition, which is reinforced by fear for one's health. The appetite decreases, the woman becomes isolated, there is no desire to have sexual intercourse.

Inflammation of the urethra (urethra) in women can be cured at any stage, but the most effective, quick and pathological treatment will be at the first stage. With mild symptoms and the slightest doubt, you should immediately make an appointment with a specialist.

What it is?

In simple words, urethritis in women is an inflammation of the urethra. Under the action of the pathogen, a pathogenic process develops, covering the walls of this anatomical structure. The disease is rarely limited only to the urethra, spreads to other organs of the urinary system. The lesion in 98% of cases passes to the bladder, causing cystitis.

Inflammation of the urogenital tract is never eliminated on its own. The severity of the pain may decrease, but the improvement in well-being is a temporary phenomenon. After a certain period, the attack is repeated. Sometimes - with even greater intensity, which affects the general condition, performance.

Nonspecific urethritis - what is it?

This is an inflammation of the urethra, which occurs due to the penetration of opportunistic microflora into the urethra. It can be staphylococcus, streptococcus, proteus, E. coli, various fungal organisms, and so on. This form of pathology can also develop after sexual contact due to a massive cast of opportunistic microorganisms that occurs directly during the period of copulation.

As a rule, this situation is observed constantly, however, in women with a well-functioning immune system, inflammation does not occur, but as soon as the body's defenses are weakened, unpleasant symptoms can immediately appear.

Specific urethritis - what is it?

This form of pathology occurs in women suffering from one or another sexually transmitted disease (gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, mycoplasmosis, gardenerellosis, ureaplasmosis). It should be noted that in the female body at the same time there can be several different infectious agents.

As a rule, specific urethritis in women makes itself felt after sexual contact. However, in some cases, the disease does not develop immediately, but after the incubation period, which can last from several hours to several days, and with a long-term course of the disease, an exacerbation of the pathological process can occur at almost any time.

Immunity in the development of urethritis

A decrease in general and local immunity leads to the development of inflammatory processes in the urethra. The infection enters the canal constantly, through the blood, from the intestines, from the skin, during intercourse.

With strong local immunity, pathogenic microorganisms entering the canal cannot develop, but do not die and "wait" for favorable conditions. As soon as the defense mechanisms in the urethra are weakened, they begin to affect the membrane and inflammatory processes develop, which lead to characteristic symptoms.

The uncontrolled use of antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs leads to the suppression of local immunity, pathogenic microorganisms lose their sensitivity to drugs, addiction occurs, favorable conditions for reproduction, which leads to inflammation of the urethral membrane.

Reasons for the appearance

The urethra is a thin tube through which urine is excreted from the body from the bladder. Inflammation in the canal is caused by microorganisms that enter the microflora of the lower genital tract during intercourse or when the composition of the vaginal microflora changes.

The disorder in women is more dangerous than in men, due to the structure of the genitourinary organs. The female canal is wider than the male canal, its length is from 2 to 4 cm, and is located near the opening of the rectum, which creates conditions for conditionally pathogenic flora to enter the canal.

Thus, it is like an open gate through which infections pass freely. The inner wall of the canal is lined with epithelium, which promotes the development of bacteria. Normally, in humans, the canal is populated by numerous representatives of the microflora, which under normal conditions do not cause inflammatory processes.

The occurrence of nonspecific inflammation of the urethra can be provoked by opportunistic bacteria:

• various types of staphylococci;
• streptococci;
• enterobacteria, in the form of Klebsiella;
• mushrooms;
• coli.

Other reasons for the development of inflammation can be allergic reactions, trauma, a chemical factor in which the integrity of the mucous membrane is violated.

Mechanical causes of inflammation of the urethra:

• vigorous sexual intercourse;
• catheterization;
• passage of stones through the urethra.

Chemical causes:

• detergents with aggressive perfume additives;
• lubricants;
• condoms;
• spermicidal creams;
• local flavors.

Urethritis caused by external causes is temporary and resolves on its own after removal of the irritating factor. In the event of a secondary infection, inflammation may develop.

Urolithiasis and urethritis

Urolithiasis is characterized by the appearance in the bladder, kidneys and ureter of solid stone-like formations that occur when the acid-base balance in the body changes.
One of the reasons for the appearance and development of urolithiasis are infectious and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract such as cystitis, pyelonephritis and urethritis. Thus it turns out that urolithiasis and urethritis are related diseases.

Inflammation of the urethra triggers the formation of stones in the urinary organs, and with an exacerbation of urolithiasis, stones are removed that have a mechanical effect on the urethral membrane, damage it and lead to signs of urethritis.

The main task in the treatment of inflammation of the urethra against the background of urolithiasis is to reduce the formation of salts.

How does urethritis develop?

I managed to divide the course of female urethritis into three stages. It is characteristic that any of these stages can last for a very long time and does not necessarily go to the next one. Or, on the contrary, be very short.

Stage 1. It all starts with periodic exacerbations of urethritis. They happen infrequently and can be expressed in different ways, from minor manifestations to very strong ones. The bottom line is that exacerbations pass quickly and in the intervals between exacerbations the woman is not bothered by anything. Most often, exacerbations are not so frequent as to force a woman to see a doctor, but even if she visits a regular urologist or gynecologist, everything will end with the appointment of light antibiotics and be postponed until the next exacerbation. As a rule, any antibiotics at this stage quickly relieve the exacerbation.

Stage 2. Exacerbations happen more and more often, antibiotics help worse and worse. To relieve exacerbation, only the most powerful and expensive drugs already help. In the interval between exacerbations, there are no (or almost no) symptoms, but a calm life has already been replaced by anxious expectation. The woman begins to go to the doctors. It all starts with a visit to the urologist and gynecologist in the district clinic, then - through acquaintances or commercial medical centers. Various diseases are found and treated, a large number of different drugs are taken, and nothing changes. Self-limitation begins in many things - food, clothing, sexual life. Life acquires clear stages - from exacerbation to exacerbation.

Stage 3 is the hardest. Remission of the disease actually does not occur, the woman feels either bad or very bad. The urethra constantly “aches” or “feels”, it hurts when urinating, it hurts constantly during exacerbations. Antibiotics at this stage either bring significant and short-term relief, or have no effect, or even provoke an exacerbation. A woman begins to be afraid of the cold, delicious food, sexual life. My patients told me that during these periods they lost good jobs, they were abandoned by their husbands, they made suicide attempts. To be honest, I still feel a little uneasy when I listen to these stories, and there is only one consolation for me - now I can cure these women, I can return them to a normal life.

Complications of urethritis

Ignored symptoms at the stage of acute urethritis eventually disappear, but this is not for long. The wave-like development of the disease with periods of decline and occurrence each time affects large areas of the urethral membrane, develops and progresses. Canal inflammation does not go away on its own, it goes into a chronic stage and causes complications.
Possible complications of inflammation of the urethra in women:

• cystitis(inflammation of the walls of the bladder);
• chronic candidiasis(thrush);
• bacterial vaginosis(gardnerellosis - a violation of the normal microbial flora of the vagina), which can cause tubal infertility and a factor in the development of the human papillomavirus;
• PID(inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs).

Types of disease

Urogenital infections are the most extensive bacterial infections and represent one of the urgent problems in modern urology and venereology. Inflammatory processes in the urethra appear due to infection in the urethra, but inflammation can also be non-infectious.

Inflammation of the urethra in women

In women, the infection from the urinary canal spreads to the area:

• Bladder,
• ureters;
• kidneys;
• appendages;
• vagina;
• ovaries and fallopian tubes.

In rare cases, the infection affects the rectum.

Diseases that contribute to the development of a non-gonococcal form of inflammation:

1. Urethritis. One of the reasons for the appearance is the penetration of infection into the urinary canal.
2. Urolithiasis disease. Passing through the ureters, the stones damage the urethra, causing irritation, inflammation.
3. Cystitis. Changes under the influence of the inflammatory process occurring in the walls of the bladder. Has a bacterial and non-bacterial nature. Cystitis is provoked by kidney stones, the development of tumors, polyps in the bladder, congestion. Often occurs due to the introduction of bacteria during intercourse.
4. Pyelonephritis. The short length of the urethra in women contributes to the spread of infections and the appearance of pyelonephritis much more often than in men. Inflammation of the renal pelvis often occurs in women during pregnancy, while the right side is predominantly affected. Risk factors for the appearance of gestational pyelonephritis are pathogenic flora in the urinary tract.
5. Urogenital tuberculosis. Mycobacteria in the disease easily penetrate into any organs, including the urethra. This type of inflammation occurs as a complication of tuberculosis.

Inflammation of the urethra in women, the symptoms of which are pronounced, often occurs during sexual transmission of infections.

Diseases that provoke inflammation in the urinary canal:

1. Gonorrhea. It occurs due to gonococci entering the urethra.
2. Inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs. Chlamydia and the herpes simplex virus cause damage to the vagina, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.

Inflammatory processes caused by bacteria occur under the influence of certain conditions:

• when the rules of hygiene of the genital organs are violated;
• aggressive detergents are used;
• immunity is impaired.

Women who are at risk are more likely to get urethritis:

• using contraceptives such as vaginal caps;
• women in the menopausal stage, when hormonal changes make them more susceptible to infections in the urinary tract.

Treatment of the disease

After an accurate determination of the causative agent of the disease, the form of the disease, the doctor prescribes a course of treatment. The main treatment for urethritis in women is antibiotic therapy. Based on the conclusion of laboratory tests, the urologist prescribes the most effective and affordable means.

Due to different clinical pictures, the treatment of acute urethritis differs from the treatment of the disease in the chronic form and the course of treatment lasts from several days to several months.

Treatment of urethritis without acute pain

If the course of the disease passes without acute pain:

• The patient is on outpatient (home) treatment.
• Anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed as additional means in the treatment(sulfonamides, nitrofurans), painkillers, antispasmodics, vitamins and immunostimulants that enhance immunity and restore the vaginal microflora. Means are prescribed in the form of tablets, ointments, suppositories and solutions for applications.
• Washing and baths with a decoction of calendula and chamomile will help relieve not only burning and itching, but also heal small wounds. Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial tampons, vaginal suppositories also have an effective effect in the treatment of inflammation of the urethra in women.
• Physiotherapy warming procedures, due to increased blood circulation and metabolic processes, will relieve pain and accelerate recovery processes. For the treatment of inflammation, folk remedies are used, which are not the main ones, but only in addition to the medication course prescribed by the specialist.

Treatment of acute urethritis

According to the results of microbiological tests, doctors prescribe targeted antibiotics:

• cephalosporins(Cefalexin, Zinnat, Ceftin, Cefixime), has a detrimental effect on staphylococci and gonococci;
• macrolides(Azithromycin, Erythromycin, Midecamycin), destroy chlamydia, spirochete, mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas.
• Tetracycline or equivalent and (Minocycline, Doxycycline), have an inhibitory effect on pathogenic microorganisms (stopping metabolic processes in the cell, which leads to a weakening of the pathogenic effect and extinction).

Cefalixin

Cefixime

Ceftin

Midecamycin

minocycline

Zinnat

Azithromycin

Erythromycin

Tetracycline Hydrochloride
The course of treatment includes other anti-inflammatory drugs:

• sulfonamides(Etazol, Urosulfan) have a detrimental effect in chlamydial urethritis, on bacteria and other pathogenic microorganisms;
• nitrofurans(Furacilin, Furazidin, Furazolidone) block the respiratory enzymes of microorganisms, have an effective detrimental effect on pathogens that are resistant to sulfonamides and antibiotics. They are used in the form of solutions for baths, douching, vaginal tampons and washing.

Furazidin

Furazolidone

Furacilin
Antibacterial drugs for a wide range of applications: a group of quinolones (Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin, Fleroxacin, Lomefloxacin).

Lomefloxacin

Pefloxacin

Ofloxacin

With trichomonas urethritis appoint Trichopol (Metronidazole), Tinidazole, Flagyl.

Flagyl

Tinidazole

Trichopolum

For fungal urethritis- Fluconazole, Nystatin, Lamisil.

Fluconazole

Nystatin

Lamisil

With herpetic- Famciclovir, Aciclovir or Valaciclovir.

Acyclovir

Famciclovir

Valaciclovir

In addition to the main course, immunomodulators are prescribed(Cycloferon, Phlogenzym, Gepon, Ribomunil), vitamins of groups C, PP, B, E and sedatives.

Cycloferon

Phlogenzyme

Ribomunil

With allergic urethritis to alleviate an allergic reaction, Suprastin, Loratadin, Diphenhydramine, Tavegil are prescribed.

Suprastin

Loratadine

Tavegil

Diphenhydramine

Chronic treatment

In contrast to the acute form, the treatment of the chronic form has a longer period. Antibiotic, antibacterial and antifungal drugs are prescribed, as in the acute form, depending on the causative agent of the disease.

Means are prescribed in the form of tablets or injections. The main tasks in the treatment of chronic urethritis are the restoration of the properties of the urethral wall, the non-pathogenic microbial flora of the vagina and the immune system.

The course also includes local drug treatment:

• solutions for douching and baths(Protargol, Chlorhexidine), for injection into the urethra and irrigation of the outlet (Miramistin);
• suppositories with antibacterial action(Nystatin), to restore the bacterial flora (Gynoflor, Atsilakt), to enhance local immunity (Viferon, Genferon);
• ointments(Synthomycin, Econazole, Clotrimazole, Miconazole).

In addition to drug treatment, spicy and salty foods, drinking alcohol and smoking should be abandoned, and plenty of fluids should be included in the diet (pure water, fruit and vegetable juices). Reduce physical activity, avoid stressful situations and lead a normal sex life.

Treatment with folk remedies

Traditional medicine, approved by the attending urologist, can be an addition to the main course of treatment, help restore the body after a full course and consolidate the therapeutic effect.

The drugs should have anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, diuretic effects and have a strengthening effect on the immune system. The main folk remedies for urethritis will be juices, infusions and decoctions, which are used internally and externally.

Folk remedies for inflammation of the urethra:

• cranberry It is used to strengthen the immune system, has an antiseptic and diuretic effect on the body. During the period of illness, it is recommended to drink plenty of fluids, cranberry juice will be an excellent drink to replenish the body with useful substances. Freshly squeezed cranberry juice is not recommended to be consumed in its pure form, it is diluted 1:1 and taken 50 ml before meals;
• parsley has a diuretic and antimicrobial effect. In order not to irritate the gastric mucosa, parsley (80 g) is cut, poured with milk, it should cover the greens, and evaporated in a water bath until a mushy mass is formed. Take the remedy every hour, 1 tablespoon, the next day, prepare a new mass.
• black currant berries and leaves have anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects, decoctions, infusions are prepared from them, berries are still consumed fresh.
• warm baths from a decoction of calendula and chamomile flowers help relieve irritation and heal small wounds. They also prepare baths of chamomile, sage and eucalyptus, take 30 grams of herbs, pour boiling water and leave for 30 minutes.
• linden flowers have a powerful antiseptic effect and reduce pain, they are brewed like tea and taken with urethritis 5-6 glasses a day;
• cornflower flowers have a strengthening effect on the body, have an antimicrobial, diuretic effect. A decoction is prepared from them, 1 teaspoon of flowers is poured with boiling water (200 ml), insisted for 1 hour and taken 3 times a day, 2 tablespoons;
• medicinal collection of shepherd's purse, bearberry leaves, parsley and anise fruits, dandelion roots and omentum. All funds take 1 tablespoon, pour boiling water (0.5 l), insist 30 minutes and take one glass in the morning and at night.

Treatment of nonspecific urethritis

The treatment regimen for urethritis of nonspecific origin involves the appointment of sulfanilamide drugs (the most common and most effective are Biseptol, Sulfadimetoksin). Broad-spectrum antibiotics (Ceftriaxone, Cefazolin) are also prescribed.

The most difficult thing is to treat urethritis during pregnancy, when most medications cannot be prescribed for fear of harming the fetus. Therefore, drugs are prescribed for topical use - gels and ointments, devoid of the ability to overcome the placental barrier. To strengthen the immune properties of the body, the doctor will prescribe vitamins. Washing the urethra with a decoction of medicinal plants, taking Kanefron, one of the few drugs that are allowed when carrying a child (due to the herbal origin of this medicine), will bring benefits.

During treatment, a woman needs to limit herself to the use of sour, spicy, salty foods. Alcohol, strong tea and coffee, citrus juices are also prohibited. It is important to limit physical activity, to prevent hypothermia.

Prevention

Prevention of urethritis consists of simple rules that will help maintain the body in a healthy state, and are associated with the causes of the disease:

• sex life- regular sex life with a regular partner, in case of casual sexual intercourse, use barrier-type contraceptives (female and male condoms), which block not only the entry of sperm into the vagina, but also the exchange of microorganisms located in the mucous membranes of the genital organs;
• Personal hygiene- thorough washing, daily change of underwear. Cotton underwear, as it provides better air circulation.
• Casual clothes- wearing tight clothing in the pelvic area increases body temperature and leads to the emergence of pathogenic bacteria and fungi in the genitals, an infection occurs that affects the organs. One of the reasons for the violation of the outflow of blood in the pelvic organs is tight clothing.
• Do not get cold- warm clothes and shoes will protect the body from hypothermia, which often becomes a catalyst for inflammatory processes in the genitourinary organs.
• More water- With water, the decay products of the vital activity of microorganisms (toxins) are removed from the body. There are calculators for calculating water consumption based on weight and activity time per day. On average, the calculation is 30 ml of water per 1 kg of weight.
• Healthy lifestyle- exclude from the diet excessively spicy, salty and fatty foods that irritate the urethra. Introduce more vegetables, berries and fruits into the diet, they will replenish the body with vitamins, microelements and strengthen the immune system. Refusal of bad habits (alcohol and cigarettes). Regular physical activity and walks in the fresh air.
• Taking medicines as prescribed by a doctor- self-medication and excessive use of antibiotics and antifungal agents harm the body, leads to a violation of the intestinal microflora, vagina, weakening of local immunity.
• Timely treatment- if you experience the slightest changes in the body, the appearance of symptoms of the disease, you must immediately make an appointment with specialists. This will help to identify the disease in the early stages and quickly cure.

Urethritis in women, detected in the early stages of development, can be easily treated with anti-inflammatory drugs, so it is important to listen to your body, respond to the slightest symptoms in order to see a doctor in time and the disease will not become chronic and will never remind you of yourself.

And following the simple rules of prevention, the body will never be susceptible to this disease.

Symptoms depending on the type of urethritis

Specific infectious urethritis caused by one or another infectious agent has a number of symptoms, the manifestation of which makes it possible to suspect the presence of a specific etiological agent in the body.

Based on the foregoing, it becomes clear that even specific infectious urethritis does not differ in any violent symptoms, and differential diagnosis between the infections described is carried out only by doctors.

How to treat urethritis

Treatment of urethritis includes the use of antibacterial agents, which can reduce the clinical manifestations of the disease and improve health.

To completely get rid of the disease, you will need to use such drugs:

• antibiotics;
• immunomodulators;
• homeopathic remedies;
• phytopreparations;
• vitamin complexes.

Treatment regimen

The task of the treatment process largely depends on the form of urethritis:

• bacterial urethritis will require antibiotic therapy;
• the candidal form is eliminated by antimycotic drugs in combination with vitamin complexes and immunomodulating agents;
• with an allergic type, it is important to identify and further eliminate the allergen, as well as taking antihistamines;
• viral urethritis is treated with antiviral drugs, for example, Acyclover.

If the disease has become chronic, it will be much more difficult to get rid of it. The treatment strategy is as follows:

• antibacterial therapy;
• washing the bladder with antiseptic solutions;
• immunocorrectors are necessary to strengthen the protective forces, which have been significantly weakened during the chronic process;
• vitamin and mineral complexes will help restore the damaged mucous membrane of the urethra.

Antibiotics

Antibiotics eliminate the very cause of urethritis. The appointment of the drug is carried out after passing the tests. Let's highlight the top 3 antibiotics for urethritis:

• Ofloxacin. The active substance of the drug affects the genetic information of microbes, disrupting the pattern of their division. The drug begins to act within the first hour after administration. Usually the duration of the treatment process is from seven to ten days;
• Doxycycline. Belongs to the group of tetracyclines. The effect of the drug appears approximately two hours after use. Doxycycline has a wide spectrum of antibacterial action;
• Ciprofloxacin. The antimicrobial drug has bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties. The drug is used according to indications with great care, since its use is associated with high risks of side effects.

Monural

Monural is a powder antibacterial agent. Fosfomycin - the active substance - performs a wide range of therapeutic actions:

• suppression of pathogen activity;
• preventing the adhesion of pathogens to the surface of the mucous membrane;
• dissolution of the protective membrane of the microbe.

Both gram-positive and gram-negative microflora are sensitive to the action of Monural. There is no bacterial infection that is not sensitive to the effects of fosfomycin!

A feature of the antibiotic is that it was specially designed for the treatment of diseases of the urinary tract. The active component of the drug for several days is in the urinary organs. Thanks to this, he manages to disinfect urine and nullify the inflammatory process.

Let's highlight the main features of the drug:

• affects even those groups of pathogenic microorganisms that have developed resistance to other antibiotics;
• practically no side effects;
• high safety scores. Monural is approved for use by pregnant women and children;
• single use, due to which there is less impact on the work of internal organs;
• convenient dosage.

There are a number of restrictions in connection with the use of Monural:

• kidney failure;
• children under five years of age;
• first trimester of pregnancy;
• lactation period.

The powder should be diluted in a third of a glass of water. It is better to use warm boiled water, so the powder will dissolve faster. The medicine should be taken on an empty stomach. Before using the drug, you should empty your bladder, and then do not visit the restroom for several hours.

It is best to take the medicine at bedtime. The urine that enters the empty bladder will contain the components of Monural and the longer it sits the better. For adults, one use is usually enough; in severe cases, the reception is repeated after a day.

Candles

Candles for urethritis are perhaps one of the most prescribed remedies during the treatment of the disease. They help not only to restore the microflora, but also have an antimicrobial effect.

In the treatment of urethritis, the following suppositories are used:

• anti-inflammatory;
• antispasmodic;
• antibacterial;
• hematogenous.

Consider the most popular candles for urethritis:

• Hexicon. It contains chlorhexidine. It has strong antibacterial properties. Hexicon fights fungal infection. Allowed to use during pregnancy. There are no contraindications;
• Macmirror. Nifuratel and nystatin are the active substances of suppositories. The drug does not have a toxic effect on the body;
• Polygynax. It contains neomycin and nystatin. The tool is known for its antibacterial abilities. It is forbidden to use the drug during pregnancy and lactation;
• Diclofenac. Indicated for rectal administration. Diclofenac contains nystatin. Candles have anti-inflammatory properties. A large number of bacteria are sensitive to its effects.

Treatment of chronic urethritis

If it was not possible to cure acute inflammation of the urethra, and the disease turned into a chronic form, physiotherapy procedures are connected to drug treatment: massage of the urethra; washing the urinary canal by introducing an antibacterial solution into it; cauterization with 10% silver nitrate solution.

Vitamin therapy is also carried out, immunomodulators are prescribed.

Herbal treatment

To alleviate the condition of women with urethritis, you can use traditional medicine recipes using medicinal herbs. There are many such recipes.

For example, you can use a decoction from a set of herbs: nettle, mint, calamus, horsetail, wild rose and juniper berries.

1. 2 tbsp. l. a mixture of an equal amount of these herbs is poured into 500 ml of water, and boiled for 20 minutes.
2. You need to drink 1 glass of decoction before going to bed.

You can remove unpleasant sensations with lime decoction. It is prepared by boiling 2 tbsp. l. linden flowers in 2 liters of water. After 10 minutes of boiling and cooling, the broth is filtered. Drink 125 g before bed.

Features of therapy for nonspecific infections

Treatment of nonspecific urethritis is aimed at combating pathogenic microflora. For this, the following drugs are used:

• Cefazolin. An antibacterial drug that has excellent bactericidal properties. Able to cope with most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Available in injectable form. It can be administered both intravenously and intramuscularly. Sometimes its use can lead to an allergic reaction, problems with the digestive system, dysbacteriosis and other negative reactions of the body.
• Ceftriaxone. It is produced in the form of a powder, from which a suspension for injection is prepared. The active substance of the drug is absorbed instantly. Completely eliminated from the body naturally. The injection solution must be prepared immediately before injection. This cannot be done in advance. The drug is prohibited for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. In case of an overdose, a change in the composition of the blood is possible. In severe cases, hemodialysis may be needed.
• Erythromycin. According to the spectrum of action, the drug is close to the penicillin group. It is, however, much better tolerated. For the treatment of urethritis, you can use both tablets and ointment. The duration of treatment varies from 10 to 14 days. The use of the drug in some cases can lead to the manifestation of allergic reactions.

Note! Before using medicines, carefully read the instructions. Remember that you need to take the tablets with plenty of clean water. Do not use milk or juices for this.

Treatment

Usually, urethritis is prescribed therapy at home. The disease cannot be classified as severe, so hospitalization is not required. The most important thing in treatment is to undergo an examination on time, the result of which will be to identify the causes of occurrence, as well as the type of microorganism-causative agent. The next stage is the preparations that relieve inflammation, correctly selected by a specialist.

During therapy, a woman needs to give up sexual activity, reduce her physical activity, eat right, exclude salty, smoked and pickled foods, alcohol from the diet. Try to avoid hypothermia, drafts and increase the usual rate of fluid intake - up to 2 liters per day. The patient's diet should contain more vegetables and fruits, cereals, dairy products. If the cause of urethritis is a sexually transmitted infection, then treatment of the partner is also mandatory.

The doctor usually prescribes drugs that have an anti-inflammatory effect - antibiotics in the form of injections, tablets, or vaginal suppositories. Useful for urethritis is also local treatment in the form of baths. The course of taking drugs is from 5 to 10 days, the doctor determines this individually from the severity of the disease. Antibiotics from the category of fluoroquinols, macrolides, penicillins from a number of semi-synthetic substances are prescribed, less often - a group of cephalosporins. Doctors consider azithromycin, fluconazole, doxycycline and other drugs that have a common composition to be effective antibiotics. The dosage is determined by the doctor and depends on the type of inflammation, the age of the patient and his weight. Do not stop taking medications on your own or take them longer. The treatment regimen must include medicines to restore and maintain the immune properties of the body, as well as vitamins and bacterial preparations.

During the period of treatment and the first month after recovery, you need to observe hygiene, play sports, contact a urologist in time. For a quick recovery, the following conditions must be met:

1. Avoid hypothermia.
2. Exclude sexual contacts.
3. Use your own towel.
4. Wash and change underwear daily.
5. Use neutral pH soap.
6. Eliminate stress.
7. Engage in physical therapy.
8. Avoid constipation.

Treatment of urethritis can be carried out by a family doctor, therapist, urologist, obstetrician-gynecologist. Rapid improvement can be achieved if you follow a diet and preventive measures.

How can a woman prevent urethritis?

To prevent urethritis, a woman should exclude possible ways of infection. For this:

• you should be more selective about sexual partners, exclude unprotected sex and casual contacts;
• do not neglect personal hygiene, regular washing with the use of weak disinfectants;
• do not use alcohol solutions for hygiene, soap, leading to severe irritation of the urethra;
• exclude from food products that irritate the urinary organs (spicy spices, pickles, canned food, smoked meats);
• dress according to the weather, avoid hypothermia, do not wear trousers that sharply squeeze the stomach (cause stagnation in the small pelvis);
• control the condition of the teeth, timely treat tonsillitis and other acute bacterial infections.

Although urethritis is not a fatal disease, it leads to serious disruptions to a woman's health. Constant pain and itching contribute to irritability, cause insomnia, and reduce ability to work. It is much easier to prevent a disease than to treat an advanced form. With all the described manifestations, a woman must immediately contact a therapist or gynecologist. Do not self-medicate and turn the disease into chronic inflammation.

Treatment of trichomonas urethritis

In female patients, Trichomonas is more likely to cause inflammation of the vagina. But their partners who have become infected do not have this organ. They Trichomonas cause inflammation of the urethra.

Such urethritis in men requires treatment with the use of antitrichomonas drugs. Conventional antibacterial agents do not work on protozoa. Therefore, nitroimidazoles are used. These drugs for the treatment of urethritis in men are effective in most cases.

Apply:

• metronidazole
• tinidazole
• secnidazole
• ornidazole

It is advisable to start therapy as early as possible.

Because in 40% of men with trichomoniasis, these protozoa are found not only in the canal, but also in the prostate gland.

To prevent the upward spread of infection, the treatment regimen for urethritis in men is as follows:

• metronidazole - 250 mg, 2 times a day, course 1 week
• the same drug, once at a dose of 1 gram
• ornidazole - half a gram, a day, a course of 4 days

There are other schemes as well.

With severe symptoms of urethritis, drug treatment may last longer. Sometimes dosages are higher. Additional drugs are often administered.

Local treatment is applied. The presence of concomitant flora is also important when choosing therapy. Often, other STDs are found in trichomoniasis.

Why does urethritis occur?

Most often, the inflammatory process in the urethra occurs under the influence of infectious pathogens, less often non-infectious factors become the cause of the pathology. Depending on this, urethritis is divided into two main types.

Infectious urethritis is caused by viruses and bacteria, and, in turn, is divided into several groups:

1. Specific urethritis - develops under the influence of infections transmitted sexually or hematogenously:

• Gonococcal - cause pathogens of gonorrhea (occurs in 20% of cases);
• Non-gonococcal - cause chlamydia, mycoplasma, Candida fungi, Trichomonas, etc.
• Viral - cause papilloma virus, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus.

1. Nonspecific bacterial urethritis in women is a purulent inflammation caused by pathogenic microorganisms: Escherichia coli, staphylococci, streptococci.

Most often, infectious urethritis is infected sexually, but sometimes an infectious agent enters the urethra with a flow of lymph or blood from another focus of inflammation (for example, with tuberculosis, chronic sinusitis, etc.).

Non-infectious urethritis can cause various reasons:

• Allergic diseases;
• Urolithiasis (when small stones or sand come out through the urethra and damage its mucous membrane);
• Gynecological or urological diseases;
• Malignant and benign neoplasms of the urethra, accompanied by inflammatory processes;
• Venous congestion in the vessels of the pelvis;
• Injuries of the urethra - after catheterization, cystoscopy, etc.;
• Genital injuries (during the first sexual intercourse).

Note! In girls, urethritis can develop due to irregular urination, abuse of spicy or salty foods, violations of personal hygiene, urolithiasis and synechia of the labia minora, hypothermia.

Several reasons can simultaneously cause an inflammatory process in the urethra. At the same time, some factors that have a negative effect on the woman's body contribute to the development of inflammation:

• Failure to observe intimate hygiene or sexual intimacy with a partner who neglects the rules of personal hygiene;
• hypothermia;
• Psycho-emotional stress, stress;
• Decreased immunity: after past illnesses, with malnutrition and long-term diets, with beriberi;
• Long-term chronic inflammatory processes;
• Alcoholism;
• Hormonal imbalance;
• Irritation of the urethra (wearing synthetic or uncomfortable underwear, use of irritating intimate hygiene products, etc.).

Primarily occurring urethritis is referred to as acute inflammation (acute urethritis), but if the disease is repeated periodically, then this process becomes chronic (chronic urethritis).

Physiotherapy

Treatment with the help of physical impact can be applied in the urological hospital or in the day hospital of the polyclinic. The following methods of physiotherapy are used:

• Medicinal electrophoresis is a method of administering drugs using an electric current. For electrophoresis, calcium chloride, nitrofurans and lidase are used. The course of treatment is 7-10 days.
• Galvanotherapy is applied to the area of ​​the urethra. The procedure lasts 25-30 minutes and includes 10 sessions.
• Laser therapy is carried out in the projection of the urethra, on the anterior abdominal wall, lower back, sacral region. Each area is affected for 5 minutes. For the entire course, 10 procedures are performed daily. Laser therapy is best done in the morning.
• Magnetotherapy - applied to the lower abdomen (above the pubic joint) or perineum. The procedure lasts 20 minutes. The course of magnetotherapy is 10 days.

The procedure is performed on the couch in the supine or prone position. To influence the urethra, a pose with legs apart, bent at the knees is often used. In chronic cystitis, a combination of different methods is possible. For example, laser therapy can be combined with magnetotherapy or electrophoresis.

Physiotherapy is contraindicated in the presence of a purulent inflammatory process or tumor diseases.

Physiotherapy allows you to facilitate the flow of drugs to the affected organ, increase their effectiveness. The method is chosen individually, taking into account the stage of the disease, the form of urethritis and the presence of complications.

Urethritis - tests

Inflammation of the urethra can be diagnosed by a doctor during a routine gynecological examination. However, to establish the factor that provoked the pathology, a laboratory study is required. Before treating inflammation of the urethra, doctors use the following diagnostic methods:

• general urine analysis;
• urinalysis according to Nichiporenko;
• bacterial culture of urine;
• smears from the urethra.

Of the hardware diagnostic methods, the following can be used:

• ureteroscopy - examination of the mucous membrane of the bladder and urethra;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs.

What factors contribute to the disease?

In addition to the impact of a specific pathogen, the following factors influence the occurrence of inflammation in the urethra:

• hypothermia of the body;
• trauma to the genital organs, impaired innervation during surgery on the uterus and vagina;
• decreased immunity after suffering stress, a serious illness;
• undermining the protective function of the body by malnutrition, restrictive diets;
• consequence of alcoholism;
• hypo- and beriberi;
• the presence of chronic inflammatory diseases (tonsillitis, tuberculosis, sinusitis, caries, cholecystitis, adnexitis);
• diseases of the urinary system;
• pregnancy and menopause;
• ignoring the rules of personal hygiene.

How does infection occur?

The causative agent of infection can enter the urethra in three ways:

• contact - in a downward direction with urine from the focus of infection in the kidney, bladder;
• sexual - during unprotected sex with a sick person;
• hematogenous - spreads through the bloodstream and with the movement of lymph from its own chronic foci of inflammation.

Depending on the nature of the spread of infection, urethritis is distinguished:

• primary - occur with the direct penetration of an infectious agent into the urethra (from the bladder, during sexual contact);
• secondary - microbes come hematogenously from the pelvic organs, intestines, and another chronic focus.

Tablets for the treatment of certain types of urethritis

When the identified pathogens are specific forms and are obtained as a result of infection of the genital organs, special medicinal formulations should be used.

Fungal urethritis is treated with Nystatin, Lamisil, Fluconazole.

If the disease has a gonorrheal etiology, then the effect can be achieved by some types of antibiotics.

From Trichomonas, Trichopolum, Tiberal, Flagyl and Tinidazole can be prescribed.

Chlamydia should be treated with a combination of an antibiotic and a corticosteroid. Only this form of treatment will help prevent infectious recurrence.

Herpetic urethritis is treated with Acyclovir, Valaciclovir, Famciclovir.

Disease classification

The main types of classification of urethritis:

1. By etiology: infectious and non-infectious type.
2. Development: primary non-gonococcal and secondary.
3. Distribution source: venereal and non-venereal.
4. By specificity: specific and non-specific.
5. According to the stage of chronic disease: exacerbation, no exacerbation.
6. By clinical course: acute, subacute, torpid urethritis.

Also distinguish the degree of manifestation, absence or presence of clinical symptoms.

Drugs for the treatment of urethritis

To eliminate the symptoms and treat infectious urethritis, several drugs from different groups are usually combined.

Antibiotics

Antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal drugs eliminate the main cause of inflammation - pathogens. Most often, the medicine is selected individually, taking into account the results of the tests.

Candles

Treatment with drugs that are available in the form of suppositories (suppositories) is relevant when taking drugs orally can cause unwanted complications from the liver, kidneys or gastrointestinal tract. Also, sometimes this method is more convenient and reliable, since the drug acts directly on the affected mucosa and is absorbed into the blood faster than in the case of taking tablets. Preparations in the form of suppositories often give not only an antibacterial effect, but also an anti-inflammatory and anesthetic. This group includes:

• Hexicon;
• Polygynax;
• Diclofenac;
• Macmirror.

vitamins

For a general recovery of the body and an increase in immunity, especially when using antibiotics, the patient needs an additional intake of vitamins A, C, E, PP and group B. It is also necessary to provide good nutrition, which will help compensate for the lack of vitamins and minerals in the body.

Antiseptics

Antiseptic agents act on the surface of the affected area, destroying pathogens on the mucosa or suppressing their development. They are used in the form of suppositories, solutions for treating the affected area and douching, ointments and gels.

Commonly used antiseptics for urethritis:

Solutions:

• Chlorhexidine;
• Collargol.

Ointments:

• Clotrimazole;
• Miconazole;
• Acyclovir.

Candles:

• Nystatin;
• Gynoflor.

Treatment of urethritis and cystitis in women with effective methods

Often in women, urethritis occurs simultaneously with cystitis, with such a combination of inflammatory processes, their symptoms can be smoothed out. Inflammation of the bladder and urethra requires mandatory treatment with the most effective drugs. Cystitis almost always occurs as a complication of urethritis, when therapy has not been sufficiently effective or timely. That is why it is so important to detect the inflammatory process in the urethra in time to prevent it from developing into a more dangerous disease. However, if it was not possible to avoid the development of cystitis, the urologist is faced with the task of choosing the most effective methods of treatment.

The most effective method of treating cystitis and urethritis in women is medication, which comes down to taking antibacterial drugs. Such medicines are immediately absorbed into the tissues, which explains their rapid effect.

First, the specialist diagnoses, determines the form of the disease and the type of pathogenic agents that caused it. Then, based on the data obtained, a group of antibiotics is selected that are effective against bacteria that caused an inflammatory process in the urinary tract.

Urethritis during pregnancy

To begin with, we highlight the factors that can provoke urethritis during pregnancy:

• the presence of infectious and inflammatory diseases;
• hypothermia;
• infection after sexual contact;
• anomalies in the structure;
• overwork;
• insufficient consumption of natural water.

Symptoms of urethritis are no different from the manifestations of the disease in non-pregnant women. There is pain, itching, burning, and purulent discharge also appears.

The danger of urethritis is associated with a negative impact on the course of pregnancy and fetal development. For example, a gonococcal infection can lead to premature birth or even death of the fetus.

When treating a pregnant woman, the main principle is not to harm the child. This is especially true of the first weeks of pregnancy, when the most important organs and systems of the baby are formed.

Usually preference is given to topical preparations: ointments and creams. Antibiotic therapy is a last resort. The doctor must carefully monitor the course of the course of the disease, so hospitalization is indicated for pregnant women with urethritis.

Treatment includes a whole range of measures, namely:

• restoration of the microflora of the vagina;
• restoration of the immune system;
• quenching of the urethra is a radical measure used in case of severe chronic forms;
• traditional medicine is used to provide anti-inflammatory and diuretic effects. For example, parsley juice contributes to both goals.

Basic treatment

Having determined the diagnosis, the doctor can prescribe a therapeutic course to the patient. Antibiotics are prescribed to help destroy pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The type of medicine prescribed depends on the causative agent.

To help the body fight the disease, a medication course is prescribed that supports the immune system.

Antibacterial drugs

Often, some type of bacteria can become the causative agent of the disease. For this reason, the main place in the treatment is given to antibacterial drugs, as they can eliminate the infection in the urethra. They are discharged after examining the indications of laboratory tests.

Self-treatment associated with taking antibiotics is dangerous, and the reason for this is the different effects of drugs on pathogenic bacteria. Yes, and side effects are possible from drugs of this group.

Immunomodulators

The main negative effect of antibiotics on the body is the weakening of the immune system. To prevent this and support the body, the doctor prescribes an immunomodulator. The drug of this group has a local effect and can be used internally. In general, doctors recommend:

• Ribomunil;
• Timalin;
• Aloe extract.

homeopathic remedies

If there are contraindications or side effects are created when using antibiotics, experts recommend an alternative treatment option. It consists in taking homeopathic medicines.

If the dosage is calculated correctly, then such drugs can quickly get rid of the disease. Western thuja, cuttlefish ink, Kopaiva, Argentum nitricum, Kantharis are very popular.

Often, patients believe that the use of such ingredients is absolutely safe, and accept them by their own decision. But this attitude to the treatment process only exacerbates the course of the disease. For this reason, to start taking the medicine, it is necessary to consult with your doctor.

Herbal preparations

Plants of the medicinal group and their collections can be prescribed as an additional remedy to the main treatment course. Their main purpose is to reduce the inflammatory process and eliminate symptoms.

Currant leaf helps a lot. To prepare a decoction, you need to take two tablespoons of a dry and crushed leaf, pour a couple of glasses of boiling water, soak for about half an hour. The infusion prepared in this way is drunk in one day.

Another remedy is dried linden flowers. They are brewed, kept for about fifteen minutes, they drink one or two glasses at night. A good effect is created by herbal preparations from horsetail, plantain or wheatgrass.

Tablets for illness

The main way to treat urethritis is to take pills. Ofloxacin is considered the most effective and used agent. Tablets have an effect on almost all bacteria, the first results of improvement can be felt a couple of hours after taking. No more than two tablets are prescribed per day.

Another remedy is Lomefloxacin. This drug is based on the suspension of the development and spread of bacteria. One tablet should be taken daily.

What folk recipes can be used for urethritis?

Urethritis must be treated with medicines. It is impossible to replace them with folk remedies. However, the anti-inflammatory properties of many plants may well help drugs. For this, herbs and fruits are selected, which also have diuretic, antimicrobial and antispasmodic qualities.

• juices from cowberries, cranberries, carrots (we are talking only about fresh juices without preservatives and sugar);
• celery greens, parsley, beets;
• a decoction is prepared from the berries and leaves of blackcurrant (for 3 tablespoons of a dry mixture of half a liter of boiling water), it is insisted for 30 minutes, you need to drink 2-3 times a day;
• from the leaves and stems of parsley, a mixture is prepared in milk (simmer in the oven for 1 hour);
• a decoction of linden blossom is known for its ability to relieve burning sensation and pain during urination;
• cornflower flowers are dried and used as a tea.

Prevention of urethritis

Prevention of urethritis is to minimize all factors that can lead to a violation of the microflora in the vagina and reduce immunity. Let's list the main ones.

• Severe hypothermia.
• Hormonal shifts: pregnancy, childbirth, abortion, menstrual irregularities, withdrawal of oral contraceptives, menopause, etc.
• Strong stress.
• Irregular sex life.
• Neglect of hygiene rules.
• Sexual infections.
• Treatment with antibiotics.
• Problems with the stool, both constipation and diarrhea. Especially if these problems are chronic.
• Irregular and improper nutrition, lack of essential nutrients and vitamins.
• Sleep problems, regular lack of sleep.

Here it is appropriate to recall the rules of sexual hygiene, since non-compliance with these rules also contributes to the appearance of urethritis.

• You can not move from anal intercourse to vaginal, from anal caresses - to caresses in the vaginal area.
• Try to visit the toilet before and after each sexual intercourse.
• Try to have a regular sex life without episodes of prolonged abstinence and, on the contrary, excessive activity.
• Never forget about contraception and STD prevention. It is best to combine a condom with antiseptics or spermicides. Don't forget that STDs can be transmitted through both oral and anal sex!
• Even if there is no reason, you should visit a gynecologist and get tested for STDs every six months.

Predisposing factors are so common in the life of any modern person that it is completely impossible to exclude them. Therefore, all that remains to be done is to be regularly observed by a doctor, and if the slightest deviations are found, carry out preventive treatment. I can say with confidence that prevention is much easier and more enjoyable than treatment.

Other anti-inflammatory drugs

Sulfonamides began to be used as an anti-inflammatory agent much earlier than antibiotics. These are drugs synthesized on the basis of sulfonic acid (more simply, white streptocide). They act bacteriostatically on bacteria, chlamydia and other microorganisms.

With urethritis, drugs are prescribed that are excreted in the urine and are less toxic to the kidneys. These include:

• Urosulfan;
• Etazol.

Bactrim creates a sufficient concentration in the urine for a therapeutic effect.

In practice, combined preparations are more convenient:

• Co-trimoxazole (Bactrim, Biseptol), contains Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole;
• Sulfatone, consisting of Sulfamonometoxin + Trimethoprim.

They provide a wider range of action.

A group of nitrofurans - drugs block the respiratory enzymes of microorganisms.

It is important that they are effective in detecting the resistance of pathogens to antibiotics and sulfonamides, practically do not reduce immunity and do not cause resistance themselves.

Nitrofurans are used for local treatment (washing, douching, vaginal tampons, baths). For this it is convenient to use:

• Nitrofural (Furacilin);
• Furazidin (Furagin);
• Furazolidone.

Solutions do not lose their activity in the presence of purulent discharge from the urethra. Furadonin and Furagin are widely used for various infections in the urinary tract. They are excreted from the body with urine, so they create a high concentration of the drug in it. Negative property - cause nausea and vomiting.

Metronidazole (Trichopolum) is a drug from this group, synthesized specifically for the treatment of trichomonas inflammation. It is considered a specific medicine for Trichomonas urethritis.

The group of fluoroquinolones is known for the use of drugs such as:

• Negroes;
• Nevigramon;
• Gramurin;
• oxolinic acid.

The use of fluoroquinolones

Fluoroquinolones are a broad group of drugs that effectively fight a wide range of pathogens. The most effective means of this group are:

• Ciprofloxacin. The active substance is rapidly distributed throughout the tissues and cells of the body. It copes even with those pathogens that settle inside the cells (for example, chlamydia). Its maximum concentration in the blood is reached 30-50 minutes after ingestion. The drug is available in tablet form or as a solution for injection. It should not be taken during pregnancy and under the age of 18. In some cases, such treatment of urethritis can cause problems with the gastrointestinal tract and adversely affect the functioning of the nervous system.
• Ofloxacin. The agent affects the DNA of microorganisms, as a result of which their death occurs. It is especially effective against mycoplasma and chlamydia. Prohibited for use during pregnancy. In exceptional cases, such therapy can provoke problems with the nervous and digestive systems, as well as allergic reactions.
• Levofloxacin. Available in tablet form and in the form of injections. After entering the human body, the drug is completely absorbed by the digestive system. The peak concentration of the active substance in the blood is observed already 2 hours after ingestion. Completely excreted in the urine after 8 hours. The absorption of the drug will largely depend on the age and sex of the patient. Such a medication is prohibited for use in epilepsy, pathological changes in the tendons, under the age of 18, as well as during pregnancy and lactation.

The duration of treatment with such drugs is selected individually for each patient. After the main course of treatment, it is recommended to re-send all tests to ensure the death of pathogenic microflora.

Note! Strictly follow the dosage and frequency of taking the drugs prescribed by your doctor. Failure to follow the recommendations can lead to negative health consequences.

Principles of therapy

How to treat urethritis in women, what dosages are needed for this - only the doctor determines. A disease of this nature should not be treated independently.

Therapy is carried out after finding the cause of the development of urethritis. Before prescribing medication, the doctor examines and makes a diagnosis based on the clinical picture.

How to treat the disease

Drug therapy is carried out using antibacterial drugs. Often used:

1. Macrolides, aminoglycosides, cephalosporins.
2. Protected penicillins, fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans.

The course of therapy is 7 days, the drugs are taken in the form of tablets or administered intramuscularly.

The disease is also treated with the use of antimycotic agents. Assign when detecting candidal urethritis and vaginal fungus.

Use:

• "Fluconazole".
• "Intraconazole".
• "Diflucan".

The therapy is carried out according to a special scheme, which is determined by the doctor.

Drugs are prescribed depending on the etiology of the disease. With an unspecified form of urethritis, use:

• "Azithromycin".
• "Ceftriaxone".
• "Josamycin".
• "Tinidazole".

When detecting gonorrhea in combination with another infection, use:

• "Doxycycline".
• "Fluconazole".
• "Ornidazole".

When trichomonads are detected, they are prescribed:

• "Metronidazole".
• "Azithromycin".
• "Josamycin".

Additional therapies

Urethritis can be cured after one course of therapy. The effectiveness of treatment is affected by compliance with the recommendations of the doctor.

If women experience symptoms of urethritis, treatment is carried out after a series of tests.

Diagnosis is not complete with a general examination, and there is a need to use other research methods.

Urine culture, ureteroscopy, ultrasound of the bladder and kidneys are performed. Additionally, assess the state of immunity.

General blood and urine tests are ordered. The female body is more likely to undergo hormonal changes, which also causes the activation of opportunistic flora.

Therefore, women are often prescribed vitamin therapy and are advised to lead a healthy lifestyle.

bladder ultrasound

Of the vitamins, it is desirable to take those from groups A, B, C. The intake of iron, selenium and vitamin E is of great importance. If necessary, take Immunal.

Signs revealed during the examination

Features of the treatment of acute urethritis are determined by the data obtained during the diagnosis. The examination reveals additional signs characteristic of a particular type of disease:

• urinalysis (the results of bakposev determine the type of pathogen, and also allow you to establish its reaction to the use of classical medicines);
• a blood test (gives a general picture of the patient's health and helps to identify the nature of the infection - viral or bacterial);
• scraping from the urethra and its study by the method of polymerase chain reaction (gives accurate knowledge about the causative agent of the disease);
• extended studies (urinalysis for mycobacteria, according to Nechiporenko - provide more accurate data on the disease).

If it is necessary to obtain a more accurate picture of the nature of the pathology, instrumental diagnostic methods are prescribed. These include ultrasound monitoring and ureteroscopy.

Ureteroscopy is an endoscopic research manipulation that allows you to conduct a detailed examination of the mucous membrane of the urethra and capture the bladder. If necessary, it is transferred from diagnostic to therapeutic to eliminate scars and strictures.

Treatment of cystitis and urethritis without antibiotics

Women are more prone to developing inflammation of the genitourinary system than men. This is due to some features of the structure of the body. The most common diseases are urethritis and cystitis. In their treatment, candles of various effects are widely used.

The article talks about the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the urinary system in women with the help of suppositories. The properties of drugs are described, instructions for use are given.

For the treatment of the urogenital area in women, suppositories or vaginal tablets are used.

Urethritis is an inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the urethra. It is specific and non-specific.

Specific urethritis is caused by the following types of microorganisms:

• fungi, usually Candida;
• chlamydia;
• mycoplasmas;
• gonococci.

Nonspecific develop under the influence of opportunistic flora - staphylococci, streptococci. Also, urethritis can develop after trauma to the mucous membrane.

The main manifestations of the disease are burning and itching during urination, the appearance of various discharges from the urethra. On examination, the opening of the urethra is edematous, hyperemic.

Cystitis is an inflammatory process that affects the bladder. Its causes are the same as with urethritis. Contribute to the occurrence of cystitis hypothermia, decreased immunity, inflammation of the underlying parts of the urinary system.

Cystitis is manifested by pain in the lower abdomen, fever, increased urination. There are false urges to urinate, causing discomfort to the woman. Blood may be found in the urine.

A specialist will tell you more about the symptoms of diseases in the video in this article.

The use of suppositories for urethritis and cystitis in women is the main method of treatment. Suppositories provide delivery of the active substance directly to the site of inflammation.

The drug is quickly and completely absorbed through the mucous membrane, in contrast to tablet forms, which are more than half destroyed in the stomach. Candles begin to act a few minutes after application.

The disadvantages of using candles include the inconvenience of use - a secluded place is required, the ability to wash hands. Candles, when melted from body heat, can stain underwear. Side effects from the use can be burning, dryness and itching of the mucous membrane.

You need to enter candles in accordance with the rules:

• Wash the hands;
• remove the candle from the blister;
• squat down and insert the suppository into the vagina.

With severe dryness of the mucous membrane, it is recommended to moisten the suppository with water. To prevent candles from staining laundry, you can use daily sanitary pads.

Suppositories for diseases of the urogenital area are quite diverse. Before prescribing a medicine, the doctor finds out the origin of the inflammatory process and, in accordance with this, recommends certain suppositories.

There are suppositories to eliminate the inflammatory process itself, as well as to restore the normal microflora of the vagina. Vaginal suppositories are usually used for cystitis and urethritis, but if necessary, they can also be administered rectally.

Antiseptic

The most extensive group of suppositories for urethritis in women. They are recommended for any inflammatory processes.

Apply all drugs for at least 10 days. After that, it is necessary to do a control analysis of urine and a smear from the urethra. Contraindications to the appointment of suppositories are individual intolerance, severe liver and kidney diseases.

The most famous antiseptic drug

Candles with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects are used in the presence of a pronounced pain syndrome, with acute inflammation. The most common are rectal suppositories Diclofenac and Indomethacin.

Anti-inflammatory suppositories for urethritis are recommended to be used for no more than five days. Assign them one candle twice a day.

Antifungal

Candidal urethritis and cystitis occur mainly in patients with reduced immunity.

For their treatment, antifungal suppositories are used:

These are the most common antifungal suppositories.

An effective antifungal drug

Combined

In severe inflammatory processes caused by resistant microflora, in women with reduced immunity, it is preferable to use suppositories with a combined composition.

1. Terzhinan. Suppositories contain neomycin, ternidazole, nystatin, prednisolone. The drug has an effect on fungi, bacteria, protozoa. Due to prednisolone, anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effects are provided. Assign one suppository twice a day.
2. Polygynax. The medicine contains three components - neomycin, nystatin, polymyxin B. It is used mainly for the treatment of fungal urethritis. Assign one suppository per day.

Combined drugs are prescribed strictly after examination by a doctor.

The doctor must prescribe the drug

Genitourinary infections and their treatment with antibacterial suppositories lead to disruption of the normal microflora of the vagina. This is accompanied by discomfort, the appearance of an unpleasant odor. To restore the microflora, suppositories Acilact or Vagilak are used, which contain lactobacilli and ascorbic acid.

The use of vaginal suppositories for diseases of the urogenital area in women is most effective when treatment is started early. The appearance of uncomfortable sensations, pathological discharge, urination disorders is a reason to consult a doctor.

Questions to the doctor

Good afternoon. After a trip to the sea, I noticed discomfort when urinating, in the morning the urine is cloudy. I think I got some kind of infection while swimming in the sea or pool. Will Betadine suppositories help with urethritis?

Arina, 22, Moscow

Good afternoon, Arina. Your symptoms can be caused not only by urethritis, but also by cystitis or a specific infection. You need to be examined by a doctor, pass a urine test and a swab from the urethra. Betadine suppositories are effective for any disease of the urogenital area, they are prescribed twice a day.

The use of vaginal suppositories for urethritis in women is considered the most effective local therapy. They are prescribed for both mild and severe forms of the disease.

The peculiarity of urethral inflammation in women is that unpleasant symptoms can either appear or disappear, causing inflammation to develop into a chronic form.

Therefore, treatment must be accurate and effective.

If a woman has noticed signs of urethritis, she needs to contact a urologist and gynecologist, since inflammation of the urethra is often accompanied by infection of the vagina.

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to determine the pathogen, since the culprit of the disease can be bacteria (chlamydia, gonococci, Trichomonas), viruses and fungus.

Treatment is prescribed only after a complete examination and is complex. Candles for urethritis in women are divided into several categories:

1. Anti-inflammatory, relieve inflammation of the urethral mucosa and relieve symptoms.
2. Antispasmodics - relieve pain.
3. Antibacterial suppositories - destroy pathogens at the local level.
4. Immunostimulating suppositories - strengthen the body in the fight against the disease.

There are also combined suppositories that combine antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, which significantly reduces the amount of medication taken.

Separately, it is worth noting that there are several varieties of antibacterial suppositories: macrolides, fluoroquinolones, antimycotics, tetracyclines, cephalosporins and nitroimidazoles. Such a wide selection of drugs will allow you to choose effective suppositories that will fight the pathogen, or choose the right drug, taking into account individual characteristics.

The use of suppositories from urethritis is preferable due to the advantages:

• local use of the drug allows you to get to the affected areas the maximum amount of the active substance;
• there is no effect on the gastrointestinal tract, this is especially important when taking antibiotics;
• painless application, unlike injections.

It is almost impossible to cure urethritis using only suppositories, but they can significantly speed up the process of therapy due to local effects.

The following complex suppositories are most often prescribed:

Principles of therapy

• antimicrobials and antibiotics;
• immunostimulating drugs that increase the body's resistance to pathogenic bacteria and viruses;
• herbal remedies and homeopathic remedies.

When choosing drugs from the class of antibiotics for the treatment of inflammation of the bladder and urethra, doctors are guided by the following criteria:

• the sensitivity of the bacterium that is the causative agent of the disease to the drug used;
• unhindered penetration of the drug into inflamed tissues for a direct impact on the focus of pathology;
• the patient has no contraindications for the use of a particular drug;
• the drug should have a more gentle effect on the body in comparison with other antimicrobial drugs;
• the medicine must be fully compatible with other drugs used in complex drug therapy;
• the drug should have a sparing effect not only on the intestinal microflora, but also on the vaginal microflora;
• the drug should not be too expensive for most patients.

The duration of therapy, as well as the dosage of drugs, are selected taking into account the need to achieve a therapeutic effect as soon as possible.

In addition, it should be remembered that for the treatment of these pathologies, in addition to drugs for urethritis and cystitis, physiotherapy and special diets are used.

Antibacterial therapy in the treatment of inflammation of the bladder and urethra involves the use of the following drugs:

• antibiotics;
• immunomodulators to increase the body's resistance to pathogens;
• herbal preparations and homeopathic remedies.

Methods of treatment differ depending on the age of the patients.

About the most important thing: Types of cystitis and treatment

Medications for Cystitis: An Overview of Antibiotics

In adults

Diseases are diagnosed in both sexes. But due to the anatomical structure of the female urinary tract - a short and wide urethra - ascending infection and the addition of cystitis to urethritis are more common than in men, in whom the latter pathology can be independent.

In children

Therapy of these diseases in children should be carried out under the strict supervision of a physician, since the likelihood of complications is high. The doctor will select effective antimicrobial drugs that can be taken in childhood (uroseptics), prescribe a drinking regimen and, if necessary, physiotherapy procedures.

During pregnancy

Pregnant women are at risk for urinary tract diseases. This is due to changes in the hormonal background, a decrease in immunity and pressure from the growing uterus on the bladder. Therapy during pregnancy and lactation is carried out with approved antibacterial drugs under the supervision of an obstetrician-gynecologist, urologist and therapist.

For all groups of patients, simultaneous therapy of cystitis and urethritis consists of:

• in non-drug treatment - semi-bed rest, diet;
• in medical treatment - taking drugs.

• antibiotics and antimicrobials;
• medicinal preparations to increase the body's resistance;
• the use of herbal remedies and homeopathic remedies.

When choosing an antibiotic for treatment, the doctor is guided by the following selection criteria:

• the pathogen must be sensitive to the agent used;
• the drug must quickly penetrate into the inflamed areas, create a high level of drug concentration in the blood and tissues of the woman;
• the absence of contraindications for the treatment of a particular patient;
• the drug should be more gentle than a similar antimicrobial action;
• the agent should be combined with other means of complex therapy and take into account concomitant diseases;
• the medicine should have a gentle effect on the intestinal and vaginal microflora;
• the drug should be available and inexpensive.

If cystitis and urethritis occur during pregnancy, the doctor, prescribing antibiotics, must take this into account.

The duration of treatment, the form of the drug are selected taking into account the fastest effect;

With some types of infections that caused the disease with urethritis and cystitis, the treatment of a woman is carried out simultaneously with the treatment of the woman's sexual partner.

A problem in the use of antibiotics is the increasing resistance of microflora to antimicrobial drugs due to the production of special compounds that block the action of antibiotics. Causes of the phenomenon:

• incorrect use of two or more antibiotics in the treatment;
• incorrect selection of the dose and duration of treatment with these drugs;
• the patient was treated in the hospital for a long time;
• uncontrolled antibiotic treatment.

Treatment of herpetic urethritis

Sometimes inflammation is not caused by bacteria at all. Then antibiotics for urethritis in women are not needed.

The inflammatory process sometimes has a viral etiology. One of the pathogens may be genital herpes.

Symptoms are standard:

• pain
• allocation
• dysuria

Often bubbles appear on the genitals. They turn into erosion, which are very painful.

For the treatment of urethritis in women, antiviral drugs are used if herpes becomes an etiological factor. Assign acyclic nucleosides.

Preparations

For treatment, a course of antibiotics is prescribed, which can vary in duration depending on the drug and comorbidities or risk factors. Additionally, symptomatic treatment may be prescribed to relieve pain.

Antibiotics

Cefaclor is an antibacterial drug of the cephalosporin series. Effective against gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. It is prescribed for bacterial infections of the genitourinary system. Do not prescribe during pregnancy, breastfeeding and children under 1 month.

Ofloxacin is effective against most Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria. It is prescribed for many infectious and inflammatory diseases, incl. with kidney and urinary tract infections. It is not used during pregnancy, lactation and in children under 18 years of age.

Dioxidine is a solution for intracavitary administration. It has antibacterial and bactericidal action. For the treatment of cystitis, the solution is administered orally through a catheter. Contraindications: pregnancy, breastfeeding and children under 18 years of age.

Ceforal Solutab is a 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is taken orally. Active ingredient: cefixime. It has activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, protozoa. It is prescribed for uncomplicated urinary tract infections. The drug can be taken during pregnancy as prescribed by a doctor. When lactating, you need to cancel breastfeeding during the course of admission.

Nolicin is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent. Active substance: norfloxacin. Effective against bacteria and strains in inflammation, urinary tract infections. It is also used to prevent recurrence of urethritis and cystitis. It is not used during pregnancy, lactation and in children under 18 years of age.

Available in granules, which must be dissolved in water for administration. The drug is allowed for children from 5 years old, pregnant according to the doctor's indication. During lactation, this drug can be taken, but breastfeeding should be discontinued at the time of admission. The advantage of Monural is a short course of administration - 1 day. It is used for cystitis, bacterial nonspecific urethritis, bacteriuria of pregnant women, etc.

Nitroxoline is an antimicrobial agent in tablets. It is used for diseases of the genitourinary system caused by microorganisms sensitive to the drug - gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, protozoa, fungi. In addition to the treatment of cystitis and pyelonephritis, it is used in the treatment of infected prostate adenoma or carcinoma. It is used to prevent complications after operations on the kidneys and urinary tract. Cannot be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Hexicon - vaginal suppositories effective against viruses, bacteria and protozoa. Active ingredient: chlorhexidine bigluconate. In the treatment of cystitis and urethritis, they are used as an adjuvant therapy as an antiseptic drug and for the prevention of vaginosis. Hexicon can be used during pregnancy and lactation.

Voltaren - rectal suppositories. Active ingredient: diclofenac. They are used to relieve pain and relieve inflammatory edema. Contraindicated in the III trimester of pregnancy, with individual intolerance.

Diclofenac - rectal suppositories. Active ingredient: diclofenac sodium. In diseases of the genitourinary system, they are used as an auxiliary symptomatic therapy to relieve swelling and pain in inflammatory processes. Contraindications: children under 6 years of age.

Simultaneous therapy of cystitis and urethritis is possible. If both diseases are diagnosed and their infectious nature is confirmed, then the pathogen will be the same. An antibacterial drug is prescribed against infectious inflammation of the urethra and bladder.

Treatment of trichomonas urethritis

In female patients, Trichomonas is more likely to cause inflammation of the vagina. But their partners who have become infected do not have this organ. They Trichomonas cause inflammation of the urethra.

Such urethritis in men requires treatment with the use of antitrichomonas drugs. Conventional antibacterial agents do not work on protozoa. Therefore, nitroimidazoles are used. These drugs for the treatment of urethritis in men are effective in most cases.

Apply:

• metronidazole
• tinidazole
• secnidazole

It is advisable to start therapy as early as possible. Because in 40% of men with trichomoniasis, these protozoa are found not only in the canal, but also in the prostate gland.

To prevent the upward spread of infection, the treatment regimen for urethritis in men is as follows:

• metronidazole - 250 mg, 2 times a day, course 1 week
• the same drug, once at a dose of 1 gram
• ornidazole - half a gram, a day, a course of 4 days

There are other schemes as well.

With severe symptoms of urethritis, drug treatment may last longer. Sometimes dosages are higher. Additional drugs are often administered.

Local treatment is applied. The presence of concomitant flora is also important when choosing therapy. Often, other STDs are found in trichomoniasis.

The principle of selection of drugs for cystitis and urethritis

Some antibiotics that do not have the necessary effect on pathogenic microorganisms that cause the disease can be attributed to ineffective remedies for cystitis and inflammation of the urinary canal in women.

Antibiotics of the nitrofuran class are absolutely ineffective in the treatment of cystitis and urethritis. Taking such drugs makes sense only for prevention purposes. In a third of cases, the antibiotic ampillicin is also ineffective.

Folk remedies are used in the chronic course of diseases of the genitourinary system to prevent exacerbations. These are course methods of decoctions, juices and collections of plants to improve the excretion of urine by the kidneys. For example, decoctions of aspen buds, clover, parsley, lingonberries, beet juice, radish, watermelon, kidney collection are used.

Treatment of mycoplasmal and ureaplasmic urethritis

Mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas are among the possible causative agents of the disease. They cause urethritis. It rarely spreads to other organs. However, these pathologies need to be treated.

In women, they are dangerous during pregnancy.

In men, it often leads to the development of Reiter's disease. This is a complex of symptoms caused by reactive inflammation of the joints, eyes, skin, and sometimes internal organs.

With mycoplasmal urethritis, drug treatment can be carried out for a long time. These microorganisms are difficult to eradicate. The course is scheduled for at least 10 days. Often it is extended up to 2-3 weeks.

It is especially important to carefully treat couples planning a pregnancy. Because after the conception of a child, the infection can worsen and cause serious complications. Including it leads to spontaneous abortions and premature births.

Treatment of chlamydial urethritis

Chlamydia is a common cause of infertility, Reiter's disease, and pelvic inflammatory disease in women. Treatment of urethritis with STDs of chlamydial etiology is carried out according to different schemes. It all depends on whether the infection has spread further or is limited to the urethra.

In any case, antibiotics for cystitis and urethritis of chlamydial etiology are prescribed as follows:

• doxycycline
• josamycin
• azithromycin

Fluoroquinolones are rarely used. Chlamydia is not always sensitive to them.

Reserve drugs are ofloxacin and levofloxacin. The course of therapy can last 1 week.

Longer periods of antibiotic use for urethritis are necessary if:

• this is a repeat course after a relapse
• the disease has become chronic
• damage to additional organs (uterus, fallopian tubes, prostate, etc.)

Treatment of chronic urethritis in men is carried out in a course of 3 weeks or more. Because it is quite difficult to destroy chlamydia completely in the urogenital tract. This is due to the fact that they turn into forms that are resistant to drugs.

Such forms of inflammation do not cause. But after a while they can multiply again and cause pathogenic processes.

Common features of urethritis and cystitis include the following:

1. These are urological diseases.
2. Most often they are infectious.
3. May be non-infectious.
4. They cause pain.
5. There are problems with urination.
6. One disease causes another.
7. Caused by sexually transmitted infections.

To make the correct diagnosis for urethritis and cystitis, you will first need to contact a specialist for examination and analysis.

The duration of therapy will directly depend on the severity of the disease, as well as on how quickly the patient consults a doctor after the first symptoms of the disease appear.

The treatment process, in addition to pharmacological preparations, also involves the exclusion from the diet of spicy, fried and fatty foods, as well as the prevention of hypothermia.

After completion of treatment, it is recommended to take a course of immunostimulants to increase the protective properties of the body, since it is the immune system that is responsible for preventing the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms that cause bacterial inflammation in the urethra and bladder.

Treatment of urethritis with urolithiasis

By themselves, kidney stones are not a source of inflammation. But they increase the risk of bacterial infection.

Calculi disrupt the parietal circulation in the organs where they are located. They damage the mucous membrane with their sharp edges. Therefore, they violate protective barriers, creating an entrance gate for infection.

Nonspecific inflammatory processes often join. In the treatment of urethritis in women, different drugs are used against the background of urolithiasis. Necessary not only sanitation of the urinary system. Removal of the stones themselves is also required.

For this apply:

• antispasmodics - relax the muscles of the urinary tract, facilitate the removal of stones
• citrates - dissolve urate and sometimes oxalate stones formed in acidic urine
• lithotripsy - for crushing stones with ultrasound
• surgical intervention- to remove stones

Urethritis and cystitis itself also require drug treatment. Broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed.

Reasons for the appearance

Factors that increase the risk of developing cystitis and urethritis include:

• sedentary lifestyle and low physical activity, which causes impaired blood flow in the pelvic area;
• regular consumption of fatty, fried and spicy foods;
• the presence of gynecological or urological diseases or an attempt to self-treat them without seeking help from specialists;
• being in a state of constant stress;
• regular unprotected sex.

Both diseases are provoked by such reasons:

• decreased immunity;
• hypothermia;
• dehydration of the body;
• other infectious pathologies;
• malnutrition;
• bad habits;
• transmission of infection during intercourse.

Non-infectious cystitis, like urethritis, occurs due to such reasons:

• urological manipulations;
• ingress of a foreign body into the body;
• taking certain medications;
• allergy;
• trauma and tumors.

Caustic chemical agents, untimely emptying of the bladder provoke the disease.

Simultaneously

A number of reasons lead to the simultaneous occurrence of cystitis and urethritis. These include:

1. Sexual infections: gonorrhea, chlamydia, ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, etc.
2. Infection in the bladder from the urethra.
3. Urolithiasis disease.
4. Short urethra in women: bacteria enter the bladder faster.
5. Beginning of sexual activity.

Often these diseases occur simultaneously in women.

Infectious cystitis causes urethritis because the pathogen in the urine attacks the urethra during urination. The second reason is incorrect diagnosis and incorrect treatment.

The infection persists and may spread to the urethra if the patient stops taking antibiotics after feeling better.

The urethra is a thin tube through which urine is excreted from the body from the bladder. Inflammation in the canal is caused by microorganisms that enter the microflora of the lower genital tract during intercourse or when the composition of the vaginal microflora changes.

The disorder in women is more dangerous than in men, due to the structure of the genitourinary organs. The female canal is wider than the male canal, its length is from 2 to 4 cm, and is located near the opening of the rectum, which creates conditions for conditionally pathogenic flora to enter the canal.

Thus, it is like an open gate through which infections pass freely. The inner wall of the canal is lined with epithelium, which promotes the development of bacteria. Normally, in humans, the canal is populated by numerous representatives of the microflora, which under normal conditions do not cause inflammatory processes.

The occurrence of nonspecific inflammation of the urethra can be provoked by opportunistic bacteria:

• various types of staphylococci;
• streptococci;
• enterobacteria, in the form of Klebsiella;
• mushrooms;
• coli.

Other reasons for the development of inflammation can be allergic reactions, trauma, a chemical factor in which the integrity of the mucous membrane is violated.

Mechanical causes of inflammation of the urethra:

• vigorous sexual intercourse;
• catheterization;
• passage of stones through the urethra.

Chemical causes:

• detergents with aggressive perfume additives;
• lubricants;
• condoms;
• spermicidal creams;
• local flavors.

Urethritis caused by external causes is temporary and resolves on its own after removal of the irritating factor. In the event of a secondary infection, inflammation may develop.

Treatment of candidal urethritis in men

Infection can be caused not only by bacteria, but also by fungi. The distal urethra can be affected by candidiasis. Usually, the head of the penis also becomes inflamed at the same time.

Antibiotics for urethritis in men in this case, antifungal agents are used. They are appointed not only locally, but also inside. Miconazole is applied to the head of the penis.

In the form of tablets, fluconazole is used. Usually a single dose of 150 mg is sufficient. The exception is cases of recurrent candidiasis. Then the course is applied longer.

Symptoms

With urethritis, there is often an uncharacteristic discharge from the urinary canal.

Inflammation of the urethra, which has a non-gonococcal form caused by opportunistic microflora, is not as pronounced in women as in the gonococcal form.

Symptoms are subtle, which often leads to complications due to late access to medical professionals:

• burning, soreness, with the act of urination;
• frequent calls;
• itching in the genital area;
• rare discharge, greenish-yellow color.

With the gonococcal form, the symptoms are more vivid and unpleasant:

• constant discharge of green or yellow color, often having a bloody structure, with an unpleasant odor;
• sharp pains in the lower abdomen;
• redness of the outlet of the urethra;
• pain when urinating;
• temperature increase;
• the appearance of a small amount of blood after intercourse;
• heavy, painful periods.

Antibacterial therapy for cystitis and urethritis in women

Not all cases of inflammation are caused by genital infections. Sometimes the cause is conditionally pathogenic microflora. Bacterial urethritis is treated with antibiotics.

Which antibiotics for urethritis will be prescribed depends on:

• clinical symptoms
• history data
• laboratory research

Various drugs may be used. It can be cephalosporins, macrolides, penicillins. Local antiseptics are also used.

Diagnostics

To diagnose the disease, women initially turn to a gynecologist. The doctor conducts a preliminary conversation, but examination and collection of complaints in this case gives little information.

The doctor gets a broader picture after studying the clinical and microscopic analyzes:

1. Urine study. An increase in the number of leukocytes indicates an existing infection. The cost of the procedure is from 250 rubles.
2. Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko. Based on its results, the doctor determines the exact number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, cylinders, an increased level of which indicates the presence of an inflammatory process. The cost of the study is from 300 rubles.
3. Planting for flora. The analysis is of great importance for the determination of infectious diseases. The choice of antibiotics depends on its results. The price of the analysis is from 400 rubles.
4. General blood analysis. Cost - 150 rubles.
5. Definition of ESR. This indicator is not specific for infections, but allows you to determine the degree of inflammation occurring in the body. The price of the analysis is from 130 rubles.

In case of impaired renal function, tests for creatinine and serum urea may be necessary. Each type of analysis costs 140 rubles.

Other studies:

1. Ultrasound of the kidneys, bladder, the cost of one session is from 190 rubles.
2. CT scan of the urinary system, the price of the procedure is from 2,500 rubles, the cost depends on the use of a contrast agent.
3. X-ray of the urinary system, Plain urography costs from 4 thousand rubles, a review of the kidneys from 1 thousand 500 rubles.
4. Retro- and cystoscopy for suspected cystitis. The cost of the procedure is from 2 thousand rubles.

After establishing the causes of the inflammatory process, you may need to be examined by a venereologist.

Diagnosis begins with a patient interview and collection of data on the disease: when it started, how it proceeds, what worries. The doctor is interested in what the operations were, what the patient was ill with before, whether there are chronic pathologies, how many sexual partners there were in recent months.

According to the patient's complaints, it is difficult to distinguish cystitis from urethritis, therefore, great importance is given to urinalysis: with inflammation of the urinary canal, the indicators of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the urine increase 4-5 times, and even more with cystitis. Other types of urine tests are also used.

If necessary, the doctor prescribes instrumental diagnostics: ureteroscopy, cystoscopy, x-ray of the bladder, ultrasound. PCR diagnostics is needed to detect sexually transmitted infections. If a woman complains of painful urination, it is necessary to differentiate inflammation of the genital organs.

Treatment of urethritis in urethral condylomas

Sometimes inflammation develops as a result of infection with papillomavirus. HPV is transmitted sexually. It causes a few months after infection, the appearance of condylomas inside the urethra.

Formations are formed in the distal part of the organ. They can go beyond its limits and be noticeable upon examination.

Men complain of itching, difficulty urinating. Possible bifurcation of the urine stream. Antibiotics are not needed to treat such urethritis.

Immunotropic drugs are used. Antiviral agents of general action are prescribed. But the main thing is to get rid of the condylomas themselves.

For this, an intraurethral laser is used. The urologist performs anesthesia and removes the formations. To prevent them from reappearing, a course of drug therapy is prescribed. It is aimed at strengthening the immune system.

So far, there are no specific drugs against the papillomavirus.

Instillations of the urethra help in the treatment of the inflammatory process. They are carried out only under the supervision of a physician. At home, a person can pour antiseptics into his urethra using a special tip.

But the solution will not penetrate into the proximal canal. This can only be achieved with a catheter. Washing the urethra is carried out with silver solutions. The procedure is carried out 2 times a week. It does not take much time and is not accompanied by pain.

This procedure is not the most unpleasant, but it is not painful. Thanks to instillations, it is possible to reduce the risk of complications and get rid of the symptoms of the disease faster.

Urogial is a product containing sodium hyaluronate. It is a viscoelastic bladder mucosal protector.

It is introduced to protect him when:

• performing diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
• recovery after treatment of urethritis and cystitis
• inflammation of traumatic, burn, radiation origin (without an infectious factor)

Sometimes this drug supplements antibiotic therapy for chronic urethritis of infectious origin.

Uro-Vaxom contains bacterial lysate. It belongs to the group of immunostimulants.

Appointed for:

• interstitial cystitis
• infectious lesions of the urinary tract

The drug stimulates T-cell activity of the immune system. It increases the content of immunoglobulin A in the mucous membranes of the genitourinary tract. It also enhances the formation of endogenous interferon.

The drug is used to increase the effectiveness of therapy and reduce the risk of relapse. It is used orally, 1 capsule, a course of 10 days to 3 months.

In the treatment of urethritis, not only antibiotics are used. Pathogenetic, symptomatic treatment is also prescribed. Means that increase the effectiveness of etiotropic therapy are also used.

Doctors prescribe these drugs:

• enzymes - increase the concentration of antibiotics in the blood by 20-30%
• antiseptics - destroy the bacterial flora on the surface of the mucosa
• anti-inflammatory drugs- relieve symptoms
• immunomodulators- reduce the risk of relapse
• probiotics - restore biocenosis after antibiotic therapy

Some male patients try to treat the disease at home.

Often they use various ineffective means for this. Soda, food, herbs, etc. are used. But this does not work and can lead to complications.

Treatment of urethritis in men at home can only be carried out under the supervision of a physician. For this, drugs with proven effectiveness should be used, and not “grandmother's recipes”.

Joint treatment

Both diseases are treated on an outpatient basis, hospitalization is rarely necessary - only with purulent inflammation. Medical treatment. Physiotherapy procedures, traditional medicine methods are used. Diet plays a big role in treatment.

Preparations

The main role in therapy is given to antibiotics, which are more often used in the form of tablets and only in severe cases - in injections. Before choosing a medication, seeding for sensitivity to the drug is carried out. If the disease is caused by fungi, antimycotic drugs are used. Painkillers, vitamin complexes and immunomodulators are additionally prescribed.

Folk remedies

For the treatment of cystitis and urethritis, traditional medicine is used. First of all, these are decoctions of herbs. Bearberry, chamomile, St. John's wort, thyme, goldenrod have antibacterial properties. Diuretic and immunomodulatory effects are noted in horsetail, knotweed, oats, tansy, blackcurrant leaves. Useful parsley seeds and juice from its leaves and roots.

With urethritis and cystitis, carbonated drinks, alcohol and food that irritates the mucous membranes of the urinary organs are contraindicated: marinades, smoked meats, spices, sour, spicy and salty.

Useful dairy products, porridge oatmeal and buckwheat, bread with bran. The menu should contain vegetables and fruits with a diuretic effect: watermelon, melon, pumpkin, cucumbers, cranberries, lingonberries, black currants, apples, quince seeds. Strong coffee and tea are replaced with compotes, natural juices. Fluid intake in an amount of at least 2-2.5 liters per day is the main thing in the diet in the treatment of inflammation of the urinary tract.

What tests are needed to treat urethritis

Therapy is not given at random. First, the doctor examines the patient. He evaluates clinical symptoms and takes tests.

The basic study is a smear on the flora. It allows you to fix the fact of the presence of an inflammatory process in the urethra. A large number of leukocytes speaks of urethritis.

Microscopy can reveal some pathogens of infectious diseases:

• trichomonas
• gonococci
• candida

If a sexually transmitted infection is suspected, PCR is performed. Examine the smear for all common STDs. Not only bacterial, but also viral, fungal (candidiasis), protozoal (trichomoniasis).

After establishing the type of microorganism, a therapy is selected aimed at eradicating the pathogenic flora. To identify venereal and nonspecific inflammation of the urethra, a tank seeding is performed.

This research makes it possible:

• identify the type of pathogen
• determine the number of bacteria (in colony forming units)
• choose the best antibiotics for the treatment of urethritis

After sowing, when colonies grow, various antibacterial substances are added to the medium. In the course of the study, it is estimated which of them inhibit the growth of microflora to a greater extent. Those that affect the colonies more strongly are recognized as the most effective for the treatment of this infection.

Some antibiotics do not inhibit the growth of microflora at all or do so minimally. Such drugs for etiotropic therapy are not used.

Often the doctor prescribes treatment even before the culture tank has received the results. But after receiving them, the doctor has the opportunity, if necessary, to change the scheme to a potentially more effective one.

Complications

The longer the inflammatory process proceeded, the more severe the complications after the disease with improper treatment. After cystitis is the following:

• the transition of the disease to the chronic stage;
• complicated forms of cystitis (gangrenous, hemorrhagic);
• pyelonephritis;
• reduction of the bladder in size;
• cystalgia (painful urge to urinate);
• bladder sepsis.

For women, cystitis is dangerous because it may be difficult to conceive a child, carrying a pregnancy.

For men, urethritis without proper treatment threatens with a narrowing of the urethra, prostatitis, pathologies of the glans penis, inflammation of the seminal tubercle, which is accompanied by severe pain from the navel to the knee.

Preventive treatment of urethritis

Preventive treatment is called treatment, which is prescribed without any tests. It is carried out on the basis of epidemiological indications. The reason for prescribing preventive treatment is unprotected sexual contact.

Urethritis can cause such infections:

• chlamydia
• trichomoniasis
• gonorrhea

Other sexually transmitted diseases either rarely affect the urethra or cannot be prevented with preventive therapy.

The essence of the method is as follows:

1. The patient has unprotected sex.
2. He learns that the partner suffers from this or that sexual infection.
3. In order not to get sick with urethritis, he receives treatment in the first days after contact with small doses and short courses of antibiotics.

Preventive treatment of urethritis is effective. Because after intercourse there are still few bacteria or protozoa in the urethra. They are quickly suppressed by antibacterial agents.

Doctors prescribe such schemes:

• for chlamydia - 0.25 grams of azithromycin
• for gonorrhea - injection of ceftriaxone intravenously at a dose of 250 mg
• for trichomoniasis- taking 0.5 grams of metronidazole or ornidazole

For the treatment of urethritis, please contact our clinic. We will conduct the necessary research and prescribe an effective treatment regimen.

Peculiarities

Diseases of the urinary tract have a number of features depending on the age and gender of the patient. They are associated with a different anatomical structure of the genitourinary system, lifestyle.

Among women

In young women and girls, common causes of urological diseases are:

• wearing tight, synthetic underwear, thin tights in the cold season;
• beriberi, stress, anxiety;
• violation of the microflora of the vagina;
• the appearance of menstruation;
• gynecological diseases.

With urethritis during menstruation, the discharge acquires an unpleasant odor.

In men

Men are characterized by the rapid development of the disease, its acute course with clear symptoms. Small amounts of blood appear in the urine and semen, the sensitivity of the penis increases, and sexual intercourse becomes painful.

In children

In children, a common cause of inflammation of the urinary tract is E. coli (due to poor personal hygiene), hypothermia of the pelvic organs, in adolescents - hormonal changes, the onset of sexual activity.

In young children, both pathologies proceed clinically in the same way, palpation of the abdomen indicates pain in the suprapubic region. On the child's underpants, you can see traces of mucus mixed with blood or pus.

In an infant, urinary tract diseases are in second place in terms of frequency of manifestation after colds. Before the age of one year, boys are more likely to get sick: this is due to the insufficient development of the urinary system. After a year, the situation begins to change, and in the future the pathology is more common in girls. It is most difficult to diagnose in infants.

During pregnancy

During pregnancy, urinary tract infections are common. They arise due to a violation of the hormonal background of a woman, a weakened immune system and a lack of vitamins. Diseases are also provoked by vaginal dysbiosis caused by the growth of yeast fungi. During pregnancy, frequent urination is often observed, which is not a sign of pathology if there are no other symptoms of inflammation of the urinary tract. The cause of non-infectious urethritis may be fetal pressure on the urinary canal.

It can be infectious, bacterial in nature and cause different symptoms in men and women.

Urogenital infections are the most extensive bacterial infections and represent one of the urgent problems in modern urology and venereology. Inflammatory processes in the urethra appear due to infection in the urethra, but inflammation can also be non-infectious.

In women, the infection from the urinary canal spreads to the area:

• Bladder,
• ureters;
• kidneys;
• appendages;
• vagina;
• ovaries and fallopian tubes.

In rare cases, the infection affects the rectum.

Diseases that contribute to the development of a non-gonococcal form of inflammation:

1. Urethritis. One of the reasons for the appearance is the penetration of infection into the urinary canal.
2. Urolithiasis disease. Passing through the ureters, the stones damage the urethra, causing irritation, inflammation.
3. Cystitis. Changes under the influence of the inflammatory process occurring in the walls of the bladder. Has a bacterial and non-bacterial nature. Cystitis is provoked by kidney stones, the development of tumors, polyps in the bladder, congestion. Often occurs due to the introduction of bacteria during intercourse.
4. Pyelonephritis. The short length of the urethra in women contributes to the spread of infections and the appearance of pyelonephritis much more often than in men. Inflammation of the renal pelvis often occurs in women during pregnancy, while the right side is predominantly affected. Risk factors for the appearance of gestational pyelonephritis are pathogenic flora in the urinary tract.
5. Urogenital tuberculosis. Mycobacteria in the disease easily penetrate into any organs, including the urethra. This type of inflammation occurs as a complication of tuberculosis.

Inflammation of the urethra in women, the symptoms of which are pronounced, often occurs during sexual transmission of infections.

Diseases that provoke inflammation in the urinary canal:

1. Gonorrhea. It occurs due to gonococci entering the urethra.
2. Inflammatory processes in the pelvic organs. Chlamydia and the herpes simplex virus cause damage to the vagina, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes.

Inflammatory processes caused by bacteria occur under the influence of certain conditions:

• when the rules of hygiene of the genital organs are violated;
• aggressive detergents are used;
• immunity is impaired.

Women who are at risk are more likely to get urethritis:

• using contraceptives such as vaginal caps;
• women in the menopausal stage, when hormonal changes make them more susceptible to infections in the urinary tract.

Stages and degrees

In medicine, urethritis is divided into two large groups - infectious and non-infectious.

The first group includes species caused only by infections:

• gonorrheal;
• trichomonas;
• tuberculosis.

And also this includes non-specific causes of urethritis:

• bacterial;
• viral;
• mycotic;
• chlamydia;
• candida.

The group of non-infectious species includes:

• traumatic;
• stagnant;
• allergic;
• caused by diseases of the urethra.

In addition to the above types, there are residual, iatrogenic and psychogenic causes of inflammation of the urinary canal.

Urethritis has stages of development:

1. Spicy. They affect up to 80% of women. Characteristic signs: sharp pains in the urethra, frequent urination, fever.
2. Chronic. From the initial stage with mild symptoms to the transition to the chronic form, 20 or more days may pass.

Symptoms

Inflammation of the urethra, which has a non-gonococcal form caused by opportunistic microflora, is not as pronounced in women as in the gonococcal form.

Symptoms are subtle, which often leads to complications due to late access to medical professionals:

• burning, soreness, with the act of urination;
• frequent calls;
• itching in the genital area;
• rare discharge, greenish-yellow color.

With the gonococcal form, the symptoms are more vivid and unpleasant:

• constant discharge of green or yellow color, often having a bloody structure, with an unpleasant odor;
• sharp pains in the lower abdomen;
• redness of the outlet of the urethra;
• pain when urinating;
• temperature increase;
• the appearance of a small amount of blood after intercourse;
• heavy, painful periods.

Reasons for the appearance

The urethra is a thin tube through which urine is excreted from the body from the bladder. Inflammation in the canal is caused by microorganisms that enter the microflora of the lower genital tract during intercourse or when the composition of the vaginal microflora changes.

The disorder in women is more dangerous than in men, due to the structure of the genitourinary organs. The female canal is wider than the male canal, its length is from 2 to 4 cm, and is located near the opening of the rectum, which creates conditions for conditionally pathogenic flora to enter the canal.

Thus, it is like an open gate through which infections pass freely. The inner wall of the canal is lined with epithelium, which promotes the development of bacteria. Normally, in humans, the canal is populated by numerous representatives of the microflora, which under normal conditions do not cause inflammatory processes.

The occurrence of nonspecific inflammation of the urethra can be provoked by opportunistic bacteria:

• various types of staphylococci;
• streptococci;
• enterobacteria, in the form of Klebsiella;
• mushrooms;
• coli.

Other reasons for the development of inflammation can be allergic reactions, trauma, a chemical factor in which the integrity of the mucous membrane is violated.

Mechanical causes of inflammation of the urethra:

• vigorous sexual intercourse;
• catheterization;
• passage of stones through the urethra.

Chemical causes:

• detergents with aggressive perfume additives;
• lubricants;
• condoms;
• spermicidal creams;
• local flavors.

Urethritis caused by external causes is temporary and resolves on its own after removal of the irritating factor. In the event of a secondary infection, inflammation may develop.

Diagnostics

To diagnose the disease, women initially turn to a gynecologist. The doctor conducts a preliminary conversation, but examination and collection of complaints in this case gives little information.

The doctor gets a broader picture after studying the clinical and microscopic analyzes:

1. Urine study. An increase in the number of leukocytes indicates an existing infection. The cost of the procedure is from 250 rubles.
2. Urinalysis according to Nechiporenko. Based on its results, the doctor determines the exact number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, cylinders, an increased level of which indicates the presence of an inflammatory process. The cost of the study is from 300 rubles.
3. Planting for flora. The analysis is of great importance for the determination of infectious diseases. The choice of antibiotics depends on its results. The price of the analysis is from 400 rubles.
4. General blood analysis. Cost - 150 rubles.
5. Definition of ESR. This indicator is not specific for infections, but allows you to determine the degree of inflammation occurring in the body. The price of the analysis is from 130 rubles.

In case of impaired renal function, tests for creatinine and serum urea may be necessary. Each type of analysis costs 140 rubles.

Other studies:

1. Ultrasound of the kidneys, bladder, the cost of one session is from 190 rubles.
2. CT scan of the urinary system, the price of the procedure is from 2,500 rubles, the cost depends on the use of a contrast agent.
3. X-ray of the urinary system, Plain urography costs from 4 thousand rubles, a review of the kidneys from 1 thousand 500 rubles.
4. Retro- and cystoscopy for suspected cystitis. The cost of the procedure is from 2 thousand rubles.

After establishing the causes of the inflammatory process, you may need to be examined by a venereologist.

When to see a doctor

Inflammation of the urethra in women (symptoms should not be ignored) is not always pronounced. This leads to the fact that women are much less likely to seek the help of specialists, as a result of which they do not have early diagnosis. With symptoms suggestive of urethritis, only a doctor can decide which tests to take.

Non-infectious types of inflammation often require specific research methods.

If the acute symptoms described above appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. Initially, it may be a gynecologist, a therapist, who will subsequently refer you to a urologist or venereologist. But even with minor signs of inflammation, you should seek help from a doctor, because this inflammatory process has a long period of asymptomatic development of microorganisms.

Prevention

As a preventive action, simple rules should be followed:

Treatment Methods

Inflammation of the urethra in a woman, whose symptoms are pronounced, is treated, like any infectious disease, with antibiotic therapy, which includes both local treatment and general drugs.

Medications

Prescribed drugs are taken in various forms:

Depending on the root cause of the inflammatory process, drugs are prescribed:

The terms of treatment, doses, are determined by the doctor depending on the degree of damage, the stage of the disease, the tolerance of the drug to patients. A good result is achieved in the treatment of urethritis with Azithromycin. It is used without additional funds, it has a gentle effect on the female body.

The drug is well absorbed, quickly penetrates into the cells, inhibiting the protein synthesis of microorganisms. The daily dose for adults is 0.25 mg.

Ciprofloxacin has a wider spectrum of action. It is prescribed as the main drug, it has no side effects, does not affect the gastrointestinal tract. The duration of treatment is up to 20 days. The prescribed doses are 0.25-0.5 g twice a day. Can be administered as an injection, 0.1 g 2 times a day.

Folk methods

Inflammation of the urethra in women (symptoms must be accurately correlated by the doctor with the type of disease) can be treated with supportive care, in the form of home remedies.

In the treatment of inflammation, an integrated approach should be followed:

1. At the initial stage of the disease, doctors advise drinking plenty of fluids. This helps flush out bacteria from the body.
2. At the second stage, you should start taking the prescribed medications. Traditional home remedies should be in addition to the main treatment. And it would be good to consult a doctor before using them.
3. At the subsequent stages of treatment, thermal procedures in the form of sitz baths, in which herbal decoctions are added, help.

Relieve inflammation, unpleasant symptoms of decoctions of herbs, which should be taken for at least 15-20 days. After this course, you should take a 2-week break, and then continue treatment.

Recipes:

1. Leaves of nettle, mint, calamus, horsetail are taken in equal proportions, poured into 500 ml of water, boiled for 30 minutes. The decoction should be drunk before going to bed for ½ tbsp.
2. Take 100 chopped parsley leaves, pour milk so that it covers the grass. Put everything in the microwave and keep until the milk has evaporated. The resulting remedy should be taken during the day, 40–50 g, every hour.
3. Herbal collection, consisting of rose hips, horsetail, juniper berries, pour 500 ml of water. The collection should be no more than 2 tbsp. l. Boil everything and insist for 15-20 minutes. Then strain and take in the morning on an empty stomach and before going to bed, 1 glass.
4. Take 2 tbsp. l. dry blackcurrant leaves. Pour 500 ml of water, boil a little and leave for 20-30 minutes. After straining, take a decoction throughout the day.
5. Infusion of blue cornflower flowers. Pour 80 g of freshly picked flowers into 200 ml of boiling water. Insist collection 1-1.5 hours. After straining, take 2 times a day for 2-3 tbsp. l. before eating.

All decoctions are taken without exacerbation, they are prepared daily and should be drunk regularly, without missing days. For better infusion, decoctions should be wrapped with a warm cloth.

For pain in the lower abdomen, local warming baths are used. They are made on the basis of decoctions of St. John's wort, yarrow and chamomile. Take 3 tbsp. l. each herb, pour 1-15 liters of boiling water, then pour into a basin prepared for a bath, diluting with warm water. The warming procedure should not last more than 20 minutes.

To enhance the diuretic effect, remove infections from the body, you can drink a homemade drink prepared on the basis of apple cider vinegar and honey (1 tsp each) added to a glass of water. The drink is consumed within a month.

Freshly squeezed juices from vegetables and berries help with urethritis. They should be taken daily, no more than ½ tbsp.

1. Carrot.
2. Cranberry.
3. Parsley juice.
4. Currant.
5. Beet.
6. Cranberry.

Sweet juices go well with sour ones. And also the use of these products in fresh form will help to overcome the disease.

Cranberry juice increases the acidity of urine and increases the effectiveness of anti-infective drugs. Pharmacy tinctures based on Rhodiola rosea, Schisandra chinensis and Aralia are used as maintenance therapy. Drugs drink 20-25 drops daily for a crescent.

Other methods

To speed up the healing process, drug treatment is supplemented by physiotherapy:

After the sessions, the state of health noticeably improves, you can not be afraid of relapses, the transition of the disease to a chronic form. Physiotherapy procedures are contraindicated in patients with a narrowed urinary canal.

In order to reduce spasm in smooth muscles, doctors advise taking sitz warm baths. Mud therapy, which is carried out on an outpatient basis in physiotherapy clinics or at mud and balneological resorts, helps a lot.

Possible Complications

In the absence of timely treatment, complications may develop:

Women who have an infectious nature of inflammation of the urethra should immediately begin treatment as soon as symptoms have been identified and a diagnosis has been made. Delayed therapy can lead to undesirable consequences, and often life-threatening sepsis occurs.

Video about inflammation of the urethra

What is urethritis:

This popular and slightly unusual dosage form is rightly considered one of the most effective. They work quickly enough, relieve pain, affect inflammatory and infectious processes, and candles also perfectly remove itching in intimate areas.

The composition of suppositories is the main medicinal substance and also the basis. Candles are initially solid, but as soon as they enter an environment whose temperature is equal to human body temperature, the candles begin to disintegrate or melt. These dosage forms are used for injection into the natural openings in the patient's body (suppositories are administered either into the anus or into the vagina).

To date, three forms of suppositories are produced:

• sticks;
• Rectal forms;
• vaginal forms.

Rectal forms are more common. Most often they are taken for the treatment of hemorrhoids or prostatitis.

The mass of one such candle is from 1 to 4 g. Candles can even be made independently, but the need for this is small: there is a huge selection of these pharmaceutical products in the pharmacy.

Rectal suppositories are made in a cylindrical or conical shape, there are other forms, but, in any case, with a diameter of not more than one and a half centimeters. According to user reviews, the so-called "cigar" will be the most optimal form. It freely enters the anal passage, and does not go back (which, in principle, happens with candles).

Gynecological suppositories, they are also suppositories - this is a form of therapeutic agents that have a local effect. By their properties, such drugs are very different from other drugs. At room temperature, they do not change their consistency, but when in contact with the body, they melt. Anti-inflammatory suppositories in gynecology are used to treat many diseases associated with the genitourinary system.

Means such as suppositories are injected either into the rectum or into the vagina. Rectal preparations are in the form of a cylinder or cone with a rounded end. They have a local and general effect due to their ability to be highly absorbed through the rectum. Vaginal type suppositories may be ovoid, spherical or flat, rounded.

1. Mechanisms of protection of the bladder from infection

Cystitis is often secondary, that is, it develops against the background of an already existing infection of the genital tract, kidneys, vaginal and intestinal dysbiosis. However, other precipitating factors are also necessary for the occurrence.

This is due to the presence of a system of local immunity in the urinary tract:

• regular emptying helps flush out bacteria;
• mucosa secretory immunoglobulin A (JgA) is produced;
• urine contains factors that inhibit the growth and reproduction of infection;
• high phagocytic activity of the epithelium, adequate blood circulation and innervation are also of great importance.

Only with a decrease in the body's defenses, a violation of microcirculation (for example, with hormonal fluctuations) and emptying of the bladder, an acute infection may occur. Therefore, the treatment of cystitis is more successful when exposed to all pathological processes.

Urethritis in women: causes, symptoms, treatment, topical suppositories

Urethritis in women is an infectious-inflammatory disease in which the urethra (or urethra) is affected. What is it and what threatens this pathology to the fair sex?

Causes

Inflammation of the urethra most often has an infectious origin. The causative agents of the disease can be staphylococci and streptococci, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and Proteus. All these microorganisms live in the genital tract of every woman, but normally they do not lead to the development of the disease. The occurrence of urethritis can be triggered by the following factors:

• hypothermia;
• stress;
• decreased immunity;
• trauma;
• exacerbation of other diseases of the urinary and reproductive spheres.

The cause of urethritis in women can also be chlamydia, ureaplasma and mycoplasma. These microorganisms are very insidious and often lead to the formation of chronic pathology.

Chlamydial and mycoplasmal urethritis is quite difficult to treat, and not always doctors manage to avoid the development of complications with this infection.

It is chlamydia and mycoplasma that are one of the most common causes of infertility in women of reproductive age.

Non-infectious urethritis in women occurs as a result of trauma to the urinary tract, and also as a manifestation of an allergic reaction. In most cases, this pathology activates its own opportunistic flora. Secondary inflammation develops, according to signs no different from the manifestations of infectious urethritis.

Symptoms

An acute infection makes itself felt by the following signs:

• pain when urinating;
• burning;
• increased urine output;
• frequent urge to urinate;
• soreness in the area of ​​the womb;
• discharge from the genital tract (yellow, green, mixed with blood).

Against the background of acute inflammation, there may be a rise in body temperature, chills, headaches and other nonspecific signs of intoxication. Urethritis with such violent symptoms usually occurs in women with a pronounced decrease in immunity or in the presence of other infectious and inflammatory processes in the urogenital area.

Signs of urethritis largely depend on the type of pathogen. Each microorganism causes its own specific symptoms of urethritis in women:

• Gonorrhea: pain and cutting with prolonged retention of urination, profuse creamy discharge from the genital tract.
• Trichomonas: itching and burning not only around the urethra, but also on the skin of the genital tract. Characterized by greenish discharge from the vagina.
• Candidiasis (fungal infection): severe itching and white curdled discharge from the urethra.
• Tuberculosis: the disease occurs against the background of a prolonged increase in body temperature to 37.5 degrees. Often combined with tuberculous lesions of other organs.
• Chlamydia and mycoplasma: asymptomatic course is very characteristic.

Chronic urethritis in women has a less vivid clinical picture. Signs of chronic inflammation are manifested in the form of a slight increase in urination and indistinct discomfort in the genital tract.

Itching, burning and discharge from the urethra may not be. The temperature during chronic infection does not rise, the general condition of the woman remains normal.

Chronic urethritis can be completely asymptomatic, revealing itself only during an accidental examination for a completely different disease.

In this situation, all symptoms can be smoothed out. Abundant discharge from the genital tract, severe itching and burning will come to the fore.

It is possible to detect urethritis in such a situation only during a laboratory examination.

Complications

Many women doubt whether it is necessary to treat urethritis with antibiotics and other potent drugs. They do not suspect that this disease can lead to serious complications:

• damage to the bladder (cystitis);
• infection of the uterus and appendages;
• violation of the patency of the fallopian tubes;
• increased risk of ectopic pregnancy;
• infertility;
• inflammation of the kidneys (pyelonephritis).

Treatment

Therapy of urethritis begins after the identification of the causative agent of the disease. For this purpose, an analysis is necessarily taken from the urethra.

The resulting material is sown on special media, and after a few days the doctor receives the result.

Such an analysis allows you to find out what kind of microorganism caused the inflammation, as well as to determine its sensitivity to certain antibacterial drugs.

• Wearing underwear only from natural materials for the entire period of therapy.
• Sexual rest during treatment.
• Good nutrition (including taking multivitamins) during antibiotic therapy.
• Plentiful drink (up to 1.5 liters per day, subject to normal kidney function).
• Reducing physical activity.
• Exclusion of hypothermia.

Antibiotics for urethritis are an important element in the treatment of the disease. The choice of drug will depend on the identified pathogen.

With nonspecific urethritis, antibiotics are used that can destroy several groups of microorganisms at once. These may be penicillins, cephalosporins, or fluoroquinolones.

The choice of a drug is also influenced by the presence of various chronic diseases in a woman.

With chlamydial and mycoplasmal urethritis, other antimicrobial agents are used. Most often, in this case, drugs from the group of macrolides are used. Josamycin, erythromycin and other agents can quickly destroy chlamydia and mycoplasmas, as well as prevent their reappearance.

Candidal urethritis requires the mandatory use of antifungal drugs. A good effect has been seen from the use of nystatin, clotrimazole, natamycin and other similar agents. Often, fungal and bacterial infections go together, and then doctors have to prescribe several antibacterial drugs at once.

Treatment of urethritis in women on average lasts from 5 to 14 days. The effect of the use of drugs occurs after 2 days. Itching and burning gradually disappear, the frequency of urination decreases, pain in the womb area disappears. If within 3 days the condition has not been relieved, the drug used should be changed.

Local treatment

A good effect was seen from the use of Miramistin spray. The drug is widely used for the treatment of urethritis and other diseases of the urogenital area in women. The spray is applied topically to the urethra twice a day. The course of treatment is 10 days. In rare cases, there is a burning sensation at the injection site.

Antibacterial and antifungal suppositories for the vagina are used if urethritis is combined with colpitis. These drugs contain in their composition substances that have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microorganisms. The choice of a particular drug will depend on the cause of the disease. All suppositories are inserted into the vagina at night for at least 7 days.

You can also treat urethritis in women with the help of herbs. Chamomile, calendula, celandine - all these herbs have a slight antimicrobial effect. The drug collection is dissolved in warm water immediately before the procedure. The woman sits in the bath and stays there until the water cools down. It is recommended to take sitz baths for at least 10 days.

The use of vaginal suppositories for urethritis in women is considered the most effective local therapy. They are prescribed for both mild and severe forms of the disease. The peculiarity of urethral inflammation in women is that unpleasant symptoms can either appear or disappear, causing inflammation to develop into a chronic form. Therefore, treatment must be accurate and effective.

If a woman has noticed signs of urethritis, she needs to contact a urologist and gynecologist, since inflammation of the urethra is often accompanied by infection of the vagina .

Before starting treatment, it is necessary to determine the pathogen, since the culprit of the disease can be bacteria (chlamydia, gonococci, Trichomonas), viruses and fungus.

Treatment is prescribed only after a complete examination and is complex. Candles for urethritis in women are divided into several categories:

1. Anti-inflammatory, relieve inflammation of the urethral mucosa and relieve symptoms.
2. Antispasmodics - relieve pain.
3. Antibacterial suppositories - destroy pathogens at the local level.
4. Immunostimulating suppositories - strengthen the body in the fight against the disease.

There are also combined suppositories that combine antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects, which significantly reduces the amount of medication taken.

Separately, it is worth noting that there are several varieties of antibacterial suppositories: macrolides, fluoroquinolones, antimycotics, tetracyclines, cephalosporins and nitroimidazoles. Such a wide selection of drugs will allow you to choose effective suppositories that will fight the pathogen, or choose the right drug, taking into account individual characteristics.

The use of suppositories from urethritis is preferable due to the advantages:

• local use of the drug allows you to get to the affected areas the maximum amount of the active substance;
• there is no effect on the gastrointestinal tract, this is especially important when taking antibiotics;
• painless application, unlike injections.

The most effective candles

It is almost impossible to cure urethritis using only suppositories, but they can significantly speed up the process of therapy due to local effects.

The following complex suppositories are most often prescribed:

Dosage and administration

Regardless of the name of the drug, the effective use of suppositories provides for the following rules for use:

• it is necessary to store suppositories only in the refrigerator, this will avoid softening the drug, and therefore problems with its administration;
• wash your hands thoroughly before using suppositories;
• for deep insertion, you need to lie on your back, bend your knees and bring your knees to your chest, in this position insert the candle into the vagina;
• if the doctor has prescribed one candle a day, then it is better to insert it at bedtime, since the prone position will allow the drug to be more actively distributed;
• suppositories have an oily base that can leak, so it is recommended to use panty liners to avoid leakage.

The dosage, as the drug itself, should be prescribed by the doctor on an individual basis, based on the degree of neglect of the disease, associated complications and the general condition of the patient.

But there are general recommendations for taking suppositories:

1. Hexicon is prescribed one candle twice a day for 7-10 days. It is advisable to take the drug in the morning and before bedtime.
2. Polygynax is administered once a day, just before bedtime. The course of treatment does not exceed 12 days, if prescribed for prophylaxis, but not more than 6 days. If you miss a tablet, do not increase the next dosage.
3. Terzhinan is kept in water for half a minute before use. Assign it 1 time per day, and after the introduction it is recommended to lie down for at least 20 minutes. The course of treatment is 10 days.
4. Palin is prescribed 1 suppository at bedtime for 10 days.
5. Diclofenac is administered rectally. Assign a total daily dose - 100-150 mg., It is divided into two or three doses. It is recommended to use in the shortest possible dosages and for a short period of time.
6. Genferon 1 suppository vaginally or rectally 2 times a day with a 12-hour interval for 10 days. In chronic forms 3 times a week every other day, 1 suppository for 1-3 months.
7. Fluconazole provides for individual dosing, which can reach up to 500 mg. Take 1 time per day.
8. Macromiror suppository complex is administered once a day at bedtime for 8 days.

The exact dosage and combination with other drugs should be checked with your doctor.

The use of suppositories during pregnancy

The manifestation of urethritis during pregnancy can lead to unpleasant consequences, so treatment is necessary, but it is prescribed with caution so as not to harm the unborn baby.

The list of suppositories allowed for use by women during the period of bearing a baby is small, but, nevertheless, there are drugs that will get rid of unpleasant symptoms:

• hexicon is considered safe at any stage of pregnancy, and thanks to its antiseptic action, it quickly relieves unpleasant symptoms and treats urethritis caused by a fungus;
• polygynax is considered an effective antibacterial agent, but its use is allowed only from the second trimester of pregnancy;
• in case of severe pain, doctors may prescribe diclofenac, but not in the last three months of pregnancy;
• methyluracil is an immunostimulating agent, and its use is allowed at any stage of pregnancy;
• sea ​​buckthorn suppositories are considered rather not a drug, but a means of auxiliary treatment, they are prescribed to relieve unpleasant symptoms.

The price of drugs depends on their active substances, complex suppositories are considered more expensive, but they involve the use of one drug instead of several. Also, almost every tool has analogues.

Most suppositories have analogues, which may differ slightly in dosage or additional substances. But any intake of a similar drug should be discussed with your doctor.

Contraindications for use and side effects of candles

Vaginal suppositories are considered the safest way for the body to use the drug.

Nevertheless, there is an individual intolerance to the components, as well as private contraindications for each type of candle. Hexicon should not be used if you are allergic to chlorhexidine. Side effects are itching and burning. Polygynax is forbidden to use in the first trimester of pregnancy and during lactation, since an allergic reaction is possible.

Terzhinan is not prescribed for allergies to the components of the drug. Side effects are manifested in the form of irritation of the mucous membrane, itching and burning. Palin is forbidden to be taken by children under 14 years of age, pregnant and lactating women, as well as with a disease of the central nervous system, porphyria, with a malfunction of the kidneys and liver. Side effects occur in the form of nausea, diarrhea, headache, agitation, mood changes. Thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia may develop.

Diclofenac is contraindicated in asthma attacks, gastrointestinal ulcers under the age of 18, and in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. Also, people with chronic and exacerbated diseases should take the drug with caution, since a wide range of side effects is possible. Taking any suppositories involves consulting a doctor, this will avoid unpleasant side effects.

Candles for urethritis are one of the most prescribed drugs during the treatment of the disease. Vaginal suppositories restore the microflora of the vagina and conduct antimicrobial therapy.

Since urethritis often occurs against the background of infectious or bacterial lesions, antibiotic treatment is carried out.

Vaginal suppositories contain the necessary components for treatment. Due to topical application, they penetrate the mucous membrane faster and begin their effect on microorganisms. It does not affect the gastrointestinal tract.

Symptoms

Urethritis is an inflammatory process caused by fungi, infections and bacteria that have a detrimental and irritating effect on the walls of the mucous membrane of the urinary canal.

A woman suffers from burning and cramps during urination, there is itching and redness of the genitals.

The doctor conducts the necessary tests - a general blood test, urine and a smear from the urethra for the pathogen. Depending on the nature of the infection found. The degree of its resistance to antibiotics is determined. Treatment includes taking antibiotics, antibacterial drugs.

Causes

The causes of the disease can be many factors. Women get this disease more easily and faster, since the urethra is located between the anus and the vagina, while constantly being subjected to attempts by bacteria of one kind or another.

1. Immune disorder, diabetes.
2. Infection with sexually transmitted diseases.
3. The penetration of opportunistic bacteria from the rectum during sex or in case of improper washing.
4. Lack of diet and diet. Low physical activity.
5. Hypothermia.
6. Non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene.
7. Use of other people's bath accessories.

The existence of several types of urethritis has been proven: bacterial, infectious, viral, allergic and candidal.

And there is also an opinion that a woman has a disease on a psychosomatic level. A urethral smear examination did not reveal any pathogens, and there were no injuries to the urethra.

Psychotherapy is used to treat this form of urethritis. A similar course of the disease is present in 30% of the women who applied, so scientists are trying to find the cause of this oddity.

What are the candles for urethritis

To date, there are two types of vaginal preparations - suppositories and vaginal tablets. Both of them have a good effect on the course of the disease. They have excellent properties in relieving symptoms.

But their main difference is that the tablet is a little more difficult to enter and dissolves more slowly. Therefore, many women prefer suppositories.

Candles against urethritis are of the following types:

• anti-inflammatory- drugs affect the mucous membrane of the urethral canal, relieve the inflammatory process, reduce pain;
• antispasmodic- used for severe pain in a woman;
• antibacterial- have an impact on the causative agent of conditionally pathogenic flora;
• hematogenous- stimulate the restoration of the mucous tissues of the canal. Nourishes with vitamins and restores microflora.

Now there are candles of the combined type of action. They already contain all the necessary substances and there is no need to use several different tablets or suppositories separately.

The method of administration of suppositories is rectal and vaginal. You may need any method for the diagnosis of urethritis and the doctor prescribes suppositories, based on the course of the disease.

Advantages and disadvantages

Vaginal preparations have proven their effectiveness and have been in demand for a long time.

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Such drugs have distinctive properties:

1. The desired effect is quickly achieved, this is facilitated by direct injection to the site of the mucosal lesion.
2. The substances included in the drug act pointwise on the mucous membrane, without wasting their action on other organs that do not need it.
3. There is no harmful effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Medications in the form of oral tablets first enter the stomach, involving the kidneys and liver. This is an undesirable process for the work of internal organs.

Among the shortcomings of the drugs, only individual intolerance to the components or allergic reactions can be distinguished.

When a patient arrives at an appointment, the doctor prescribes tests to identify the infection and determine its resistance to drugs.

The most common candles in the treatment

Therapy with vaginal suppositories is a good supplement for getting rid of the disease:

1. Hexicon. Works on the basis of the substance chlorhexidine. There are no contraindications. A good therapeutic and antibacterial effect has been proven in the early stages of the development of the disease. Works against fungal pathogens. Approved for pregnancy. Dosage: 2 times a day, 5-14 days.
2. Macmirror. Substances of active action are: nifuratel and nystatin. It is actively used in therapy against urethritis. It does not have a toxic effect on the human body. Apply one suppository at 24, for 7-10 days.
3. Polygynax. The composition includes: nystatin, neomycin. An effective antibacterial drug. Candles are prohibited in early pregnancy and when breastfeeding a baby.
4. Diclofenac. Rectal suppositories. They have an effect on a large number of bacteria. Contains nystatin. Prohibited for use: with stomach ulcers, aspirin intolerance, heart and kidney, liver failure, acute heart failure. Take anti-inflammatory suppositories under the supervision of a doctor in the first and last trimester of pregnancy.
5. Palin. Treatment with this drug is very rare. Candles have a pronounced antibacterial effect. Take only if the pathogen will have a weakness to pipemidic acid. Palin is contraindicated for pregnant and lactating mothers.

You should not prescribe candles for yourself and assume that they will help from every type of urethritis.

Such treatment can lead to the appearance of a chronic process and the complete resistance of pathogens to the contained drugs. If you experience pain during urination, you should definitely consult a doctor who will prescribe a quick and effective treatment.

Many women can prescribe herbal therapy for themselves. Various infusions and syrups. But it is worth remembering that viruses and bacteria have long developed serious resistance to all drugs that were used before. Therefore, herbs can be taken only after the approval of the attending physician, as an auxiliary method.

If the patient did not seek help in time, and also self-medicated, then unpleasant and irreversible consequences could overtake her. The most common of them are cystitis, pyelonephritis, infertility.

In no case should suppositories be used during pregnancy without consulting a specialist. Most contain many substances that can have a strong impact on the development of an unborn baby.

Candles are placed in a prone position, legs bent at the knees. It is advisable to choose a later time of day so that a person does not move for 30 minutes.

The absorption of the active constituents of the substances should occur only at rest. Before the procedure, it is recommended to go to the toilet.

If the urge to go to the toilet is insurmountable, then you need to carefully, making as few active movements as possible, go to urinate.

Prevention

• to wash in time and correctly;
• exclude unprotected sexual contacts and frequent change of partners;
• observe hygiene during sex (change the condom when switching from anal to vaginal sex);
• lead an active lifestyle and proper nutrition.

Symptoms of urethritis are very unpleasant and annoying. Therefore, it is much easier to follow a couple of rules than to carry out expensive and long treatment later.

It is important to carefully observe preventive measures for those who already have chronic urethritis. If an exacerbation has already occurred, you can drink a bag of Monural. It is an antibiotic and is taken once. In extreme cases, a second dose may be taken.

In order to alleviate the course of the disease and its symptoms, you need to drink more plain clean water. It will speed up the processes of urination and wash most of the pathogenic bacteria out of the canal. Do not tolerate the urge to go to the toilet, empty your bladder completely and often.

The norm is that a woman should go to the toilet a little at least once every 2-3 hours. After sexual contact, it would be more correct to immediately go to urinate and carry out water procedures. This will reduce the chances of bacterial influence.

During critical days, sanitary pads must be changed at least once every 2 hours. Tampons and pads are great breeding grounds for germs and infections.

Follow the composition of gels for intimate hygiene. They should not contain many chemicals and alkali. It is the high content of active substances that irritates the mucous membrane and causes inflammation, to which bacteria are already attached.

Suppositories for urethritis have an excellent auxiliary effect, due to which unpleasant symptoms pass faster and a beneficial environment is created for the rapid healing of the mucosa.

Women are more prone to developing inflammation of the genitourinary system than men. This is due to some features of the structure of the body. The most common diseases are urethritis and cystitis. In their treatment, candles of various effects are widely used.

The article talks about the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the urinary system in women with the help of suppositories. The properties of drugs are described, instructions for use are given.

Characteristics of diseases

Urethritis is an inflammatory process that affects the mucous membrane of the urethra. It is specific and non-specific.

Specific urethritis is caused by the following types of microorganisms:

Nonspecific develop under the influence of opportunistic flora - staphylococci, streptococci. Also, urethritis can develop after trauma to the mucous membrane.

The main manifestations of the disease are burning and itching during urination, the appearance of various discharges from the urethra. On examination, the opening of the urethra is edematous, hyperemic.

Cystitis is an inflammatory process that affects the bladder. Its causes are the same as with urethritis. Contribute to the occurrence of cystitis hypothermia, decreased immunity, inflammation of the underlying parts of the urinary system.

Cystitis is manifested by pain in the lower abdomen, fever, increased urination. There are false urges to urinate, causing discomfort to the woman. Blood may be found in the urine.

A specialist will tell you more about the symptoms of diseases in the video in this article.

Features of the use of candles

The use of suppositories for urethritis and cystitis in women is the main method of treatment. Suppositories provide delivery of the active substance directly to the site of inflammation.

The drug is quickly and completely absorbed through the mucous membrane, in contrast to tablet forms, which are more than half destroyed in the stomach. Candles begin to act a few minutes after application.

The disadvantages of using candles include the inconvenience of use - a secluded place is required, the ability to wash hands. Candles, when melted from body heat, can stain underwear. Side effects from the use can be burning, dryness and itching of the mucous membrane.

You need to enter candles in accordance with the rules:

• Wash the hands;
• remove the candle from the blister;
• squat down and insert the suppository into the vagina.

With severe dryness of the mucous membrane, it is recommended to moisten the suppository with water. To prevent candles from staining laundry, you can use daily sanitary pads.

Varieties of candles

Suppositories for diseases of the urogenital area are quite diverse. Before prescribing a medicine, the doctor finds out the origin of the inflammatory process and, in accordance with this, recommends certain suppositories.

There are suppositories to eliminate the inflammatory process itself, as well as to restore the normal microflora of the vagina. Vaginal suppositories are usually used for cystitis and urethritis, but if necessary, they can also be administered rectally.

Antiseptic

The most extensive group of suppositories for urethritis in women. They are recommended for any inflammatory processes.

Table. Antibacterial and antiviral suppositories:

Apply all drugs for at least 10 days. After that, it is necessary to do a control analysis of urine and a smear from the urethra. Contraindications to the appointment of suppositories are individual intolerance, severe liver and kidney diseases.

Anti-inflammatory

Candles with anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects are used in the presence of a pronounced pain syndrome, with acute inflammation. The most common are rectal suppositories Diclofenac and Indomethacin.

Anti-inflammatory suppositories for urethritis are recommended to be used for no more than five days. Assign them one candle twice a day.

Antifungal

Candidal urethritis and cystitis occur mainly in patients with reduced immunity.

These are the most common antifungal suppositories.

Combined

In severe inflammatory processes caused by resistant microflora, in women with reduced immunity, it is preferable to use suppositories with a combined composition.

1. Terzhinan. Suppositories contain neomycin, ternidazole, nystatin, prednisolone. The drug has an effect on fungi, bacteria, protozoa. Due to prednisolone, anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effects are provided. Assign one suppository twice a day.
2. Polygynax. The medicine contains three components - neomycin, nystatin, polymyxin B. It is used mainly for the treatment of fungal urethritis. Assign one suppository per day.

Combined drugs are prescribed strictly after examination by a doctor.

To restore microflora

Genitourinary infections and their treatment with antibacterial suppositories lead to disruption of the normal microflora of the vagina. This is accompanied by discomfort, the appearance of an unpleasant odor. To restore the microflora, suppositories Acilact or Vagilak are used, which contain lactobacilli and ascorbic acid.

The use of vaginal suppositories for diseases of the urogenital area in women is most effective when treatment is started early. The appearance of uncomfortable sensations, pathological discharge, urination disorders is a reason to consult a doctor.

Questions to the doctor

Good afternoon. After a trip to the sea, I noticed discomfort when urinating, in the morning the urine is cloudy. I think I got some kind of infection while swimming in the sea or pool. Will Betadine suppositories help with urethritis?

Arina, 22, Moscow

Good afternoon, Arina. Your symptoms can be caused not only by urethritis, but also by cystitis or a specific infection. You need to be examined by a doctor, pass a urine test and a swab from the urethra. Betadine suppositories are effective for any disease of the urogenital area, they are prescribed twice a day.