Presentation of the golden age of Russian literature of the 19th century. Presentation on the topic "The Golden Age of Russian Literature." Denis Vasilievich Davydov

A.S. Pushkin D.V. Davydov A.A. Delvig K.N. Batyushkov K.F. Ryleev E.A. Baratynsky V.A. Zhukovsky

The great poet, speaking about himself, about his I, speaks about the general - about humanity, for in his nature lies everything that humanity lives by. And therefore, in his sadness everyone recognizes their own sadness, in his soul everyone recognizes their own and sees in him not only a poet, but also a person... V.G. Belinsky

K.N. Batyushkov is the immediate predecessor of A.S. Pushkin, a poet of early Russian romanticism (“pre-romanticist”). Combining the literary discoveries of classicism and sentimentalism, he was one of the founders of new, “modern” Russian poetry.

Batyushkov's poetry plunges us into the depths of individual consciousness. The subject of its depiction is the spiritual life of a person - not as a “small” part of the big world, but as the absolute value of external, universal life. Batyushkov, a poet of unique talent, created his own artistic world, in the center of which is the image of the AUTHOR with his romantic dream and striving for the ideal (“A dream in the world makes gold And from evil sadness Dream is a shield for us”) and the real world of earthly joys (“I know how to enjoy, Like a child, everyone plays and is happy”), with a world of bright feelings (“Only friendship promises Me a wreath of immortality”) and spiritual sorrow (“Sad experience has opened a new Desert for the eyes”). The life of a poet should not contradict the spirit of his poetry; life and creativity are inseparable: Live as you write, and write as you live... Happy is the one who writes because he feels...

K.N. Batyushkov was born on May 18 (29), 1787 in Vologda into an old noble family. Childhood years were spent on the family estate - the village of Danilovskoye, Tver province. From the age of 10 he studied in St. Petersburg in private foreign boarding schools and spoke many foreign languages. From 1802 he lived in St. Petersburg in the house of his uncle M.N. Muravyov, curator of Moscow University, writer and educator, who played a decisive role in shaping the poet’s personality and talent. Here Batyushkov studied philosophy, the literature of the French Enlightenment, ancient poetry, and the literature of the Italian Renaissance.

Since 1805, poems by K.N. Batyushkov have appeared in print: “Message to my poems”, “To Chloe”, “To Phyllis”, epigrams - he writes poems mainly of a satirical nature.

c In 1810 – 1812 “Dramatic Herald” actively cooperates with the magazine. He gets close to N.M. Karamzin, V.L. Pushkin, V.A. Zhukovsky, P.A. Vyazemsky and other writers. From that time on, I devoted myself entirely to literary creativity. dedicates

In the poems of the first period of K.N. Batyushkov’s literary activity, Anacreontic and Epicurean motifs predominate: the enjoyment of earthly life, the singing of love and friendship, simple human joys, ingenuous, deliberately naive human desires: ...I will give friendship one hour, Bacchus an hour and sleep another; I’ll share the rest half, my friend, with you! Batyushkov affirms the poet’s inner freedom, his creative independence (“My Penates”).

K.N. Batyushkov participated in the Russian campaign against Napoleon during the campaign in Prussia (1807) - he was seriously wounded near Heilsberg, evacuated to Riga, then to St. Petersburg; in the war with Sweden (1808); in 1813 – 1814 in the foreign campaign of the Russian army. Batyushkov is a witness to the terrible fire of Moscow in 1812.

In 1812, Batyushkov was retired, but decided to enlist in military service again: “I... firmly decided to go into the army, where duty calls, and reason, and heart, a heart deprived of peace by the terrible incidents of our time” (From a letter to P A. Vyazemsky) The theme of the Patriotic War is included in the poetry of K. N. Batyushkov as a living response to what he saw: My friend! I saw a sea of ​​evil And a sky of vengeful punishment: Furious enemies, War and disastrous fires... I wandered through devastated Moscow, Among the ruins and graves... “To Dashkov”

At a time of general national calamity, poetry cannot glorify the joys of life; its purpose is otherwise to speak about these disasters and suffering. The poet cannot remain aloof from events affecting the fate of the country: No, no! Perish my talent And the lyre, precious to friendship, When you will be forgotten by me, Moscow, the golden land of the fatherland! "To Dashkov"

The impressions of the war with Napoleon formed the content of many of K.N. Batyushkov’s poems: the message “To Dashkov”, “Prisoner”, “The Fate of Odysseus”, “Crossing the Rhine”, the elegy “Crossing of Russian troops across the Neman”, “Shadow of a Friend”, etc. K.N. Batyushkov created examples of civic poetry in which patriotism was combined with the deep individual experiences of the author:

...Until on the field of honor For the ancient city of my fathers I will not sacrifice revenge, And life and love for my homeland, Until with a wounded hero, Who knows the path to glory, Three times I will not put my chest Before the enemy in close formation - My friend, until then they will be mine All are alien to muses and harites, Wreaths, retinue with the hand of love, And noisy joy in wine! "To Dashkov"

In 1814 - 1817 Batyushkov travels a lot and rarely stops in one place for a long time. During these years, he experienced a severe spiritual crisis associated with disappointment in Enlightenment philosophy; failures at work, failures and disappointments in his personal life also affected. Religious and philosophical sentiments, motives of tragic love, and the eternal discord between the artist and reality appear in his work; poetry is painted in sad tones: “My genius”, “Separation”, “To a friend”, “Awakening”, “Tavrida”... Anna Fedorovna Furman

Tell me, young sage, what is solid on the earth? Where is life's constant happiness?... So everything here is vanity in the abode of vanities! Affection and friendship are fragile! But where, tell me, my friend, does the direct light shine? What is eternally pure, immaculate?... So my mind perished in the midst of doubts. All the charms in life were hidden: My genius extinguished the lamp in sorrow, And the bright muses disappeared... To the grave, my entire path is as if illuminated by the sun: I step with a reliable foot And, casting dust and decay from the robe of the wanderer, I fly into a better world in spirit. “To a Friend” The earthly world does not promise happiness, everything beautiful perishes in it: love, friendship...

The Golden Age of Russian Poetry At the beginning of the 19th century, both classicism and sentimentalism coexisted on equal terms in Russian poetry. But in the wake of the national-patriotic upsurge caused by the Patriotic War of 1812, Russian romanticism and then realism arose. romanticismrealism

Great start. V.A. stood at the origins of Russian romanticism. Zhukovsky. He wrote elegies, elegies, messages, songs, ballads. ballads. According to Belinsky, he “enriched Russian poetry with deeply moral, truly human content.” Pushkin Pushkin considered himself a student of Zhukovsky and highly valued “the captivating sweetness of his poems.”

Civic passion. VC. Kuchelbecker Russian Decembrist poet, critic, translator. He studied at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where his friendship with A.S. Pushkin and A.A. Delvig began. Kuchelbecker's romantic poetry glorified freedom. The poet was worried about the fate of the Fatherland.

K F. Ryleev K. F. Ryleev, the most prominent poet - K. F. Ryleev, the most prominent poet - Decembrist, wrote accusatory Decembrists, wrote accusatory and civil odes, political and civil odes, political elegies and messages, thoughts, poems. elegies and messages, thoughts, poems. He saw poetry as a means of fighting for political freedom. The Decembrists started talking about the national character of literature, put forward a demand for nationality, extending it to themes, genres, and language.

Stars of the Pleiades. A.A. Delvig The heroes of his songs are simple fellows and girls who suffer by choice and happy love. N. M. Yazykov Expressed the protest of his free youth in elegies, songs, and hymns. He glorified the heroic scope of strength, the enjoyment of youth and health.

P.A. Vyazemsky contributed to the fusion of civil and personal themes, explaining elegiac feelings by social reasons. E.A. Baratynsky is the largest poet of Russian romanticism, the author of elegies, messages, poems. Instead of illusions, he prefers calm and sober reflection. His poems are filled with philosophical meaning.

High Duma power M.Yu. Lermontov The poetic era, of which Lermontov became the spokesman, according to Belinsky, is distinguished by “lack of faith in human life and feelings, with thirst and excess of feelings.” The lyrical hero openly confronts the hostile outside world.

Gifts of Life After Pushkin and Lermontov, original talents appear in Russian poetry - A. Pleshcheev, N. Ogarev, Ap. Grigoriev, I Polonsky, A. Tolstoy, I. Turgenev, A Maikov, N. Nekrasov. With their poetry they made the transition to realism. Their poems are imbued with sympathy for the poor person. A lyrical hero often becomes a person from the nobility or commoners, who stood up in defense of the people and peasants.

Genres of Romanticism. Elegy is a poem of medium length, usually of sad content, imbued with sadness. Elegy BalladBallad is a poem, which is most often based on a historical event, a folk legend with an intense plot Fable Fable is a short moralizing poetic or prose story, to which there is an allegory, allegory.

Literature and history Minister of Education Sergei Semenovich Uvarov 1. Why do you think Count Uvarov hated Russian literature so much? 2.Illustrate these ideas with examples from the works of writers. “If I manage to strangle Russian literature, I will sleep peacefully.”

Literature and history E. Delacroix “Freedom leading the people” 1789 - The Great French Bourgeois Revolution New revolutionary mentalities led to the emergence in literature of interest in depicting the inner world of a person, his spiritual experiences. A new literary direction is emerging - sentimentalism.

Literature and history Fragment of the diorama “Defense of Sevastopol” – Crimean War For the first time in literature, human psychology in war is depicted, the realistic principle of reflecting life is further developed, and the theme of the people is developed.

Literature and history Manifesto published by Tsar Alexander II in 1861 - abolition of serfdom in Russia abolition of serfdom in Russia Literature is becoming more and more social in its issues, developing the theme of the “little man”.

Russian culture of the 19th century. science painting literature music theater journalism “It was an amazing time, a time when everyone wanted to think, read, study... The impulse was strong and the tasks were enormous... This tempting work attracted everyone... gifted and capable people and brought forward a lot of publicists, writers, scientists, artists, musicians..." N.G. Chernyshevsky

The conditions were difficult and cruel,
in which advanced
Russian literature.
Feudal system
left its mark on everything
areas of Russian life. Tsarskaya
censorship mercilessly suppressed
free speech. Greatest
figures of Russian literature
were persecuted
many of them finished their
life is tragic. Nevertheless
Russian literature has reached
XIX century amazingly bright
flourishing and took one of the first
places in Europe.
The 19th century is called the "Golden"
century" of Russian poetry and
century of Russian literature in
on a global scale.

Golden Age of Russian Literature 9th grade Golden Age -

• the first period of flourishing of Russian literature, which occurred at the beginning of the 19th century. During this period, Russian writers moved from classicism to romanticism. The language of Russian fiction, in particular poetry, also changed dramatically, with the appearance of such authors as Vasily Zhukovsky, Alexander Pushkin, Mikhail Lermontov.

• “Not long ago it seemed as if all the organs of literature were imbued with the same spirit and animated by the same aspirations; all of them, apparently, were moving towards the same goal and pursuing the same interests... Truly, this was the Golden Age of our literature,
the period of her innocence and bliss!..”

• The serfdom system left its mark on all areas of Russian life.
• The rise of Russian self-awareness.
• Intense ideological struggle.
• Literary movements in Russia in the 19th century existed simultaneously.
• Noble literature.

• Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin is a Russian historian-historiographer, writer, poet.
• Honorary member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences (1818), full member of the Imperial Russian Academy (1818).
• Creator of the “History of the Russian State” (volumes 1-12, 1803-1826) - one of the first generalizing works on the history of Russia.
• Editor of the Moscow Journal (1791-1792) and Vestnik Evropy (1802-1803).

• Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky is a Russian poet, one of the founders of romanticism in Russian poetry, translator, critic.
• Full member of the Imperial Russian Academy (1818);
• honorary member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences (1827-1841) and subsequently ordinary academician (1841) in the Department of Russian Language and Literature,
• Privy Councilor (1841).

• Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov is a Russian poet, predecessor of Pushkin.

• Ivan Andreevich Krylov - Russian poet, fabulist, translator, employee of the Imperial Public Library,
• State Councillor,
• Full member of the Imperial Russian Academy (1811),
• ordinary academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the Department of Russian Language and Literature (1841).

• Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev - Russian poet, public figure, Decembrist, one of the five executed leaders of the December uprising of 1825.

• Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov - Russian diplomat, poet, playwright, pianist and composer, nobleman. State Councilor (1828).

• Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin is a Russian poet, playwright and prose writer.

• Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev - Russian poet, diplomat, conservative publicist, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences since 1857.

• Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov - Russian poet, prose writer, playwright, artist, officer.

• Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol - Russian prose writer, playwright, poet, critic, publicist, widely recognized as one of the classics of Russian literature

• Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky is a Russian thinker, writer, literary critic, publicist, and Western philosopher.

• Nikolai Aleksandrovich Dobrolyubov - Russian literary critic of the turn of the 1850s and 1860s, publicist, revolutionary democrat.

• Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky is a Russian utopian philosopher, democratic revolutionary, scientist, literary critic, publicist and writer.