At the end of 1783, the President of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Princess Ekaterina Dashkova, the favorite of Empress Catherine II, gathered academicians of literature, including prominent writers Gavrila Derzhavin and Denis Fonvizin. The princess asked the learned men if they knew how to spell the word “Christmas tree.” After a short brainstorming, the academics decided that it should be written “yulka”. But to Dashkova’s next question, whether it is legal to represent one sound in two letters, the pundits could not find an answer. Approaching the board, the princess erased the “i” and “o”, writing the letter “e” instead. Since then, academicians began to use the letter “e” in correspondence with the princess. The letter came to the people only in 1797 through the efforts of Nikolai Karamzin, who used it in his almanac “Aonids”.
Ekaterina Dashkova was born in 1744 into a family of Moscow boyars. Her father Roman Vorontsov became fabulously rich during the time of Catherine I and even received the nickname “Roman - a big pocket.” Dashkova was one of the most educated women of her time, capable of arguing with philosophers and encyclopedists on equal terms. She was considered the closest friend of Catherine II. True, on the night when the queen overthrew her husband Peter III, Dashkova overslept. Ekaterina could not forgive Dashkova for this, and the friendship fell apart.
The letter “ё” became widely known thanks to the famous historian Karamzin. In the first book of his poetic almanac "Aonids" with the letter "ё" the words "dawn", "eagle", "moth" and "tears", as well as the verb "flowed", were printed. In this regard, Karamzin was considered the author of the letter “ё”... And of all thirty-three letters of the Russian alphabet, not a single one caused as much controversy as the letter “Ё”...
On November 29, 1783, in the house of the director of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Princess Ekaterina Romanovna Dashkova, one of the first meetings of the newly created Russian Academy took place, which was attended by G. R. Derzhavin, D. I. Fonvizin, I. I. Lepyokhin, Ya. B. Knyazhnin , Metropolitan Gabriel and others. The project of a complete explanatory Slavic-Russian dictionary, the later famous 6-volume “Dictionary of the Russian Academy”, was discussed.
The academicians were about to go home when Ekaterina Romanovna asked those present if anyone could write the word “Christmas tree”. The academics decided that the princess was joking, but she, having written the word “Iolka” she had spoken, asked: “Is it legal to represent one sound with two letters?” Noting that “these reprimands have already been introduced by custom, which, when it does not contradict common sense, should be followed in every possible way,” Dashkova proposed using the new letter “e” “to express words and reprimands, with this consent, beginning as matіoryy, іolka, іож , іol".
Dashkova’s arguments seemed convincing, and the feasibility of introducing a new letter was asked to be assessed by Metropolitan Gabriel of Novgorod and St. Petersburg, a member of the Academy of Sciences. On November 18, 1784, the letter “е” received official recognition.
After this, the letter E for 12 years occasionally appeared only in handwritten form and, in particular, in the letters of G.R. Derzhavin. It was replicated on a printing press in 1795 at the Moscow University Printing House by H. Riediger and H. A. Claudia during the publication of the book “And My Trinkets” by Ivan Ivanovich Dmitriev, a poet, fabulist, chief prosecutor of the Senate, and then Minister of Justice. This printing house, in which, by the way, the newspaper “Moskovskie Vedomosti” was printed since 1788, was located on the site of the current Central Telegraph.
The first word printed with the letter E was the word “everything”. Then came the words: light, stump, immortal, cornflower. In 1796, in the same printing house, N.M. Karamzin in his first book “Aonid” with the letter E prints: dawn, eagle, moth, tears and the first verb with E “flowed”. Then in 1797 - the first annoying typo in a word with E. The proofreader did not notice, and the edition was published with “garnished” instead of “faceted”. And in 1798, G.R. Derzhavin used the first surname with the letter E - Potemkin. These are Yo’s first steps through the pages of books.
The spread of the letter “ё” in the 18th-19th centuries was also hampered by the then attitude towards the “yocking” pronunciation as bourgeois, the speech of the “vile rabble”, while the “church” “yocking” pronunciation was considered more cultured and noble.
Formally, the letter “ё”, like “y”, entered the alphabet (and received serial numbers) only in Soviet times.
The decree signed by the Soviet People's Commissar for Education A.V. Lunacharsky read: “Recognize the use of the letter e as desirable, but not obligatory.” And on December 24, 1942, by order of the People's Commissar of Education of the RSFSR Vladimir Petrovich Potemkin, the mandatory use of the letter “e” in school practice was introduced, and from that time on. it is officially considered part of the Russian alphabet.
For the next 14 years, fiction and scientific literature were published with almost complete use of the letter “ё”, but in 1956, on Khrushchev’s initiative, new, somewhat simplified spelling rules were introduced, and the letter “ё” again became optional.
Nowadays, the question of using “е” has become the subject of scientific battles, and the patriotic part of the Russian intelligentsia selflessly defends the obligatory nature of its use. In 2005, a monument was even erected to the letter “e” in Ulyanovsk.
In accordance with the Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated 05/03/2007 No. AF-159/03 “On the decisions of the Interdepartmental Commission on the Russian Language”, it is required to write the letter “ё” in cases where the word may be misread, for example, in names own, since ignoring the letter “е” in this case is a violation of the Federal Law “On the State Language of the Russian Federation.”
According to the current rules of Russian spelling and punctuation, in ordinary printed texts the letter ё is used selectively. However, at the request of the author or editor, any book can be printed sequentially with the letter “е”.
Myths about the letter E
The problem with the letter e is this: the vast majority of those who talk about it or defend it know very little about it and about the language as a whole. This fact itself, naturally, negatively affects her reputation. Due to the fact that the quality of the argumentation of its supporters is close to zero, fighting it is a piece of cake. Arguments about the sacred seventh place in the alphabet can only work to prove the insanity of their supporter, but not in favor of using the letter e itself.
1. The letter e has always existed, but now enemies are fighting it
This is the most common myth, it is completely unclear where it came from. It seems that people say this because no one will check, but the reference to tradition looks convincing. In reality, the prevalence of the letter е has only grown throughout its history (except for a small deviation, when in the 1940s, it seems, there was a directive on its mandatory use, and then everyone gave up on it).
You need to understand that once upon a time there was not only the letter ё, but even such a sound. In the Church Slavonic language, those words that we pronounce with е are pronounced with е (“brothers and sisters!”), and in general the pair o - e (ѣ) stands in the series a - ya, ou - yu and y - and (ï) (see, for example, “Abridged practical Slavic grammar with systematic Slavic and Russian examples, collections and dictionaries”, Moscow, 1893). Yes, there is no letter e in Church Slavonic either.
The occasional appearance in print at the end of the 18th and 19th centuries of the symbol ё was a response to the appearance of a new sound in speech. But it received official status after the revolution. In a Russian language textbook published in 1911 we read: “E is written in words when this sound is pronounced like yo: ice, dark, light.” It’s not even written “like yo”, it’s written “like yo”. And in the alphabet there is no e: after e comes z. It’s not for me to judge, but I believe that the letter e at that time looked as outlandish in books as the ruble sign looks today.
Letter E - entrance to the store - in Moscow
2. Without it, it is impossible to distinguish between everything and everyone
This, of course, is not entirely a myth, but there is so much misunderstanding around this situation that it should be examined separately.
Let's start with the fact that the words were all written with different letters and without any е, so that their indistinguishability today must be blamed on the language reform, during which yati was abolished, and not at all on the practical unusability of е. At the same time, modern rules of the Russian language require writing two periods in cases of possible discrepancies, therefore the non-use of е where “everything” is read without it is a spelling error.
It is clear that the situation can also be the opposite, when you need to suggest that in a certain case it is e that is read. But this problem cannot be overcome by requiring the mandatory use of e.
Memorial sign to the letter E in Perm (on the territory of the Remputmash motor-locomotive repair plant)
3. Numerous examples of reading difficulties prove the need for
When fighting for the letter e, a set of pairs of words are constantly presented, most of which are some kind of unimaginable crap. It feels like these words were specially invented to protect the letter e. What the hell is this bucket, what kind of fable is this? Before you started collecting examples, had you seen or heard these words somewhere?
And, I repeat, in cases where both words can be used equally, spelling rules require the use of ё.
For example, in “The Book about Letters” by Gordon, published by the ArtLebedev Publishing House, the word “learn” does not have dots over it, which is why it naturally reads “let’s find out.” This is a spelling error.
The very fact that to prove your point of view you need to collect examples bit by bit, most of which are completely unconvincing, it seems to me, only proves that the problem has been made up. There are no fewer examples with unspecified stress, but no one fights for the placement of stress.
There would be much more practical benefit if the word healthy was written “zdarova”, because you want to read “great” with the emphasis on the first syllable. But for some reason no one is fighting for this!
4. Due to inconsistency in the use of е, the surname Montesquieu is misspelled
We also spell the surname Jackson “incorrectly”: in English it is pronounced much closer to Chaksn. The very idea of transmitting foreign language pronunciation in Russian letters is obviously a failure, but when it comes to defending the letter ё, as I already said, no one pays attention to the quality of the argumentation.
The topic of conveying foreign names and titles by means of Russian graphics generally lies beyond the topic of the letter e and is comprehensively covered in the corresponding reference book by R. Gilyarevsky and B. Starostin.
By the way, the sound at the end of Montesquieu is midway between e and e, so in this situation, even if the task is to accurately convey the sound, the choice of e is obvious. And “Pasteur” is completely nonsense; There is no smell of iotation or softening, so “Pastor” is much better suited for transmitting sounds.
5. Poor e is not a letter
The letter е is often sympathized with due to its unfair non-inclusion in the alphabet. The conclusion that it is not in the alphabet is apparently made from the fact that it is not used in house numbering and lists.
In fact, of course, it is in the alphabet, otherwise the rules of the Russian language could not possibly require its use in some cases. In lists, it is not used in the same way as th, due to its similarity with its neighbor. It's just inconvenient. In some cases, it is advisable to also exclude Z and O due to the similarity with the numbers 3 and 0. It’s just that, of all these letters, e is closest to the beginning of the alphabet, and therefore its “dropout” is noticeable most often.
By the way, only 12 letters of the alphabet are used in license plates.
The situation in pre-revolutionary spelling was completely different: there was no letter e in the alphabet. It was just a symbol that some publishers used to show off. Here Zhenya in another note puts it in a quote from a book published in 1908. It wasn't in the book itself. Why was the quote distorted? In the pre-revolutionary text it looks completely ridiculous.
In any case, fighting for the letter e is the same nonsense as fighting against it. If you like it, write it; if you don’t like it, don’t write it. I like writing because I don't see any reason not to write it. And a Russian-speaking person must be able to read both ways.
compilation based on RuNet materials - Fox
A few facts
The letter E is in the sacred, “lucky” 7th place in the alphabet.
There are about 12,500 words in the Russian language with Ё. Of these, about 150 begin with Ё and about 300 end with Ё.
The frequency of occurrence of E is 1% of the text. That is, for every thousand characters of text there are an average of ten yoshkas.
In Russian surnames, Yo occurs in approximately two cases out of a hundred.
There are words in our language with two and even three letters E: “three-star”, “four-bucket”, “Boryolekh” (a river in Yakutia), “Boryogesh” and “Kögelyon” (male names in Altai).
More than 300 surnames differ only in the presence of E or E. For example, Lezhnev - Lezhnev, Demina - Demina.
In the Russian language there are 12 male and 5 female names, the full forms of which contain Y. These are Aksen, Artyom, Nefed, Parmen, Peter, Rorik, Savel, Seliverst, Semyon, Fedor, Yarem; Alena, Klena, Matryona, Thekla, Flena.
In Ulyanovsk, the hometown of the “yofikator” Nikolai Karamzin, there is a monument to the letter E.
In Russia, there is an official Union of Eficators of Russia, which is engaged in the fight for the rights of “de-energized” words. Thanks to their vigorous activity to besiege the State Duma, now all Duma documents (including laws) are completely “eified.” Yo - at the suggestion of the Chairman of the Union Viktor Chumakov - appeared in the newspapers “Versiya”, “Slovo”, “Gudok”, “Arguments and Facts”, etc., in television credits and in books.
Russian programmers have created etator - a computer program that automatically places letters with dots in the text. And the artists came up with the copyright - an icon for marking official publications.
The image of the new letter was probably borrowed from the French alphabet. A similar letter is used, for example, in the spelling of the Citroën car brand, although it sounds completely different in this word. Cultural figures supported Dashkova’s idea, and the letter took root. Derzhavin began to use the letter e in personal correspondence and used it for the first time when writing his last name - Potemkin. However, in print - among typographical letters - the letter е appeared only in 1795. Even the first book with this letter is known - this is the book of the poet Ivan Dmitriev “My trinkets”. The first word, over which two dots were blackened, was the word “everything”, followed by the words: light, stump, immortal, cornflower. And the popularizer of the new letter was N.M. Karamzin, who in the first book of the poetic almanac “Aonids” (1796) he published, published the words “dawn”, “eagle”, “moth”, “tears” and the first verb with the letter e - “ drip." But, oddly enough, in the famous “History of the Russian State” Karamzin did not use the letter “ё”.
The letter came into place in the alphabet in the 1860s. IN AND. Dahl placed е along with the letter "e" in the first edition of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language. In 1875, L.N. Tolstoy in his “New ABC” sent it to 31st place, between yat and the letter e. But the use of this symbol in typography and publishing was associated with some difficulties due to its non-standard height. Therefore, the letter e officially entered the alphabet and received the serial number 7 only in Soviet times - December 24, 1942. However, for many decades, publishers continued to use it only in cases of extreme necessity, and even then mainly in encyclopedias. As a result, the letter “е” disappeared from the spelling (and then pronunciation) of many surnames: Cardinal Richelieu, philosopher Montesquieu, poet Robert Burns, microbiologist and chemist Louis Pasteur, mathematician Pafnuty Chebyshev (in the latter case, the place of emphasis even changed: CHEBYSHEV; exactly the same the beets became beets). We speak and write Depardieu instead of Depardieu, Roerich (who is pure Roerich), Roentgen instead of the correct Roentgen. By the way, Leo Tolstoy is actually Leo (like his hero - the Russian nobleman Levin, and not the Jew Levin). The letter е also disappeared from the spellings of many geographical names - Pearl Harbor, Königsberg, Cologne, etc. See, for example, the epigram on Lev Pushkin (the authorship is not exactly clear):
Our friend Pushkin Lev
Not without reason
But with champagne fatty pilaf
And a duck with milk mushrooms
They will prove to us better than words,
That he is healthier
By the strength of the stomach.
Often the letter “е”, on the contrary, is inserted into words in which it is not needed. For example, “scam” instead of “scam”, “being” instead of “being”, “guardianship” instead of “guardianship”. The first Russian world chess champion was actually called Alexander Alekhine and was very indignant when his noble surname was spelled incorrectly, “commonly” - Alekhine. In general, the letter “е” is contained in more than 12 thousand words, in approximately 2.5 thousand surnames of citizens of Russia and the former USSR, in thousands of geographical names.
A categorical opponent of using this letter when writing is designer Artemy Lebedev. For some reason he didn't like her. It must be said that it is indeed inconveniently located on a computer keyboard. Of course, you can do without it, as, for example, the text will be understandable even if zngo sklcht vs glsn bkv. But is it worth it?
In recent years, a number of authors, in particular Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Yuri Polyakov and others, some periodicals, as well as the scientific publishing house "Big Russian Encyclopedia" publish their texts with the obligatory use of the discriminated letter. Well, the creators of the new Russian electric car gave the name to their brainchild from this one letter.
On November 29 (November 18, old style), 1783, in the house of the director of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Princess Ekaterina Dashkova, one of the first meetings of the newly created Russian Academy was held, which was attended by the poet Gabriel Derzhavin, playwrights Denis Fonvizin and Jacob Knyazhnin and others. The project of a complete explanatory Slavic-Russian dictionary, the later famous 6-volume Dictionary of the Russian Academy, was discussed.
Dashkova suggested that those present at the meeting introduce a new letter “ё” to represent the corresponding sound in writing, instead of the two letters “io”. For the “minor” letter in the Russian alphabet, they did not invent a new sign: they used the existing letter e, placing two dots above it - an umlaut. The princess's innovative idea was supported by a number of leading cultural figures of the time. Gabriel Derzhavin was the first to use the letter “ё” in personal correspondence. In November 1784, the new letter received official recognition.
The letter was replicated by a printing press in 1795 at the Moscow University Printing House with the publishers Ridiger and Claudius during the publication of the book “And My Trinkets” by Ivan Dmitriev. The first word printed with the letter "е" was the word "everything". Then came the words “light”, “stump”, “immortal”, “cornflower”. In 1796, in the same printing house, Nikolai Karamzin, in his first book “Aonid” with the letter “e”, printed the words “dawn”, “eagle”, “moth”, “tears” and the first verb - “flowed”. In 1798, Gabriel Derzhavin used his first surname with the letter “e” - Potemkin.
In 1904, the Spelling Commission was created at the Imperial Academy of Sciences, which included the largest linguists of that time. The commission's proposals, finally formulated in 1912, boiled down to simplifying graphics based on the phonemic principle (eliminating letters that did not denote any sounds, for example "ъ" at the end of words, and letters denoting the same sounds as other letters, "yat" ", "and decimal", "fita", "izhitsa"). In addition, the commission recognized the use of the letter “ё” as desirable, but not mandatory.
On January 5, 1918 (December 23, 1917, old style), a decree was published, signed by the Soviet People's Commissar of Education Anatoly Lunacharsky, who introduced reformed spelling as mandatory and also recommended the use of the letter "ё".
In Soviet times, the letter "ё" was "officially recognized" in 1942, after the publication of the order "On the introduction of the mandatory use of the letter "ё" in school practice." A year later, a reference book on the use of the letter “ё” was published. In 1956, the Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Higher Education of the USSR approved and then published the “Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation” with paragraphs on the use of the letter “ё”. However, in practice its use continued to be optional.
The Russian Federation regulates the use of the letter “ë” in title documents. In a letter from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated May 3, 2007, authorities issuing official state-issued documents to citizens are instructed to use the letter “ё” in proper names.
A letter from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated July 20, 2009 recommends using the letter “ё” in school textbooks.
Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation Dmitry Livanov, the rules for using the letters “e” and “e” should be enshrined at the legislative level.
Now the letter “е” is contained in more than 12.5 thousand words, in no less than 2.5 thousand surnames of citizens of Russia and the former USSR, in thousands of geographical names of Russia and the world and in thousands of names and surnames of citizens of foreign countries.
In 2005, in Ulyanovsk the letter “ё” was established. The author of the monument, Ulyanovsk artist Alexander Zinin, depicted an exact enlarged copy of the letter that was used in the almanac "Aonids", where Nikolai Karamzin first published a poem with a new letter.
The material was prepared based on information from open sources
In modern times, the Russian language is developing every day. Neologisms appear more often and acquire a new trend. But the seventh letter of the alphabet “ё” is increasingly less and less given due importance in print. It made history during Soviet times in 1942 and remains to this day. However, many officials, when drawing up important documents identifying a citizen’s identity or affiliation, consider it unnecessary to use the letter “e”, replacing it with “e”.
Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated July 1, 2005, No. 53 “On the state language of the Russian Federation”, Article 3, requires the use of the letter “е” in all official documents, such as identity cards, passports, civil registration certificates, education documents in names and surnames of citizens of the Russian Federation.
You can download the text of Federal Law 53 “On the State Language of the Russian Federation”
Rules for writing E and E
The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in 2009 approved a ruling that the letters “e” and “e” in different documents of the same person are equivalent, and valid for all rights if the person’s identity is identified. Controversial issues arise when drawing up official papers of a pension fund, when purchasing real estate, registration of registration and any other significant documents. In more than 2.5 thousand Russian surnames, it is necessary to use the letter “ё”, but they write “e”.
Thus, in the law “On the spelling of the letters “e” and “e” the documents state that it is necessary to oblige a person to change acts due to the use of a particular letter only when the semantic meaning in the surname, first name, patronymic or city names.
Spelling E and Yo in last name and first name
When there is a letter “ё” in the first name, last name, city of residence or other significant facts for any documentation, which is written as “e”, this can cause inconvenience when buying or selling real estate, obtaining citizenship, and so on.
It happens that the letter “e” is written in the passport, and “e” in the birth certificate. In this case, additional information and corrections of errors in documents may be required. Citizens of the Russian Federation often seek advice on such issues. to the Ministry of Education and Science .
The Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation, certified by the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1956, indicate that the letter “ё” should be used in cases of preventing the incorrectness of the stated word. Thus, regional authorities represented by officials are required to enter into the document the letter “е” in proper names (first name, surname and patronymic), as detailed in letter No. 159/03 dated 05/03/2017.
Examples
Case 1
One of the employees of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation appealed to the Pension Fund with a request to accrue an insurance pension. The citizen was refused, citing different readings of the letters in the spelling.
On the identity card, the surname is spelled out with an “е”, and in the owner’s work book the letter “e” appears. The Supreme Court explained to the man that there is no double meaning of the letter “e”, since the letter “e” is not meaningful and does not affect personal identification data.
For additional confirmation, it was necessary to contact the Russian Language Institute. V.V. Vinogradov, where it was confirmed that “e” and “e” in the surname Solovyov, in different letters are the same surname belonging to the same citizen. In this case, the meaning of the surname is not lost, and the refusal of the Pension Fund bodies contradicts the constitutional right of a citizen of the Russian Federation to a pension.
Case 2
Another letter to the Ministry of Education and Science dated October 1, 2012, IR 829/08 “on the spelling of the letters “e” and “e” in official documentation” confirms the law of Russian language spelling and punctuation, its importance and use.
The Moscow Regional Court recently stated that it is possible to fine a person whose last name contains such a mistake. However, legal practice suggests the opposite. A similar incident occurred in the young Snegirev family. A daughter was born, on whose birth certificate it was written Snegireva N.
They refused to receive maternity capital, citing the fact that the surnames of the mother and daughter were different. The couple had to abandon their original surname and forward their documents to the proper letter “e.” Thus, all family members received the same surname.
The letter E owes its appearance to changes in Russian phonetics. Once upon a time, O was not pronounced after soft consonants. That is why they said, for example, not a dog, but a dog. But at some point, E became O: this is how the modern pronunciation of words like honey, everything, and many others arose. True, for a long time there was no new designation for this sound. The writers calmly used the letters O and E: bees, honey. But in the 18th century, these words began to be written differently, using the combination io (everything-everything). It was then that it became obvious: a new letter was needed! Princess Dashkova and the writer Karamzin proposed replacing the two signs with one. This is how the letter E was born.
Were any other options considered?
Certainly. At different times, different ideas for replacing the letter E appeared. We could now write that very pronoun “everything” as “everything”. In both the 19th and 20th centuries, a wide variety of proposals were made: ö , ø , ε , ę , ē , ĕ . However, none of these options were approved.
Many people did not like the letter E and still do not like it. Why?
For a long time, “joking” was considered a sign of common speech. The letter was new, so it was treated with suspicion and even some contempt - as something alien that did not correspond to Russian linguistic traditions.
But there is another, very simple reason for dislike - the letter E is inconvenient to write, for this you need to perform three actions at once: write the letter itself, and then put two dots over it. Such a complex letter was perceived as a burden, some linguists noted. It was not easy for those who typed texts from Yo on typewriters. Soviet typists had to press three keys at once: letters e, carriage return, quotes.
By the way, even now they joke about those who type texts with Y on a computer: “Beware of people who type words with Y: if they can reach it on the keyboard, they will reach you!”
Is E a full-fledged letter, the same as all the others?
Complex issue. Since e appeared, the most contradictory opinions were expressed about it. Some linguists did not consider it an independent letter. For example, in an article from 1937, A. A. Reformatsky wrote: “Is there a letter in the Russian alphabet e? No. There is only the diacritic sign “umlaut” or “trema” (two dots above the letter), which is used to avoid possible misunderstandings ... "
Such icons above letters exist in many languages. And the speakers of these languages, as a rule, treat them very jealously. In France, for example, the government’s attempt to abandon the sign “aksan circonflex” (house above the letter) as part of the spelling reform caused a real storm: the French were ready to take to the streets to protect their favorite sign.
Does our Yo have defenders?
There are, and some more! Fighters for the “rights” of the letter E are called yofikators ( don't forget to reach for the letter E when you write this word). Yofikators ensure that the use of the letter e has become ubiquitous and mandatory. The fact is that they perceive words with E instead of E as an insult to the Russian language and even to Russia as a whole. For example, the writer, head of the “Union of Yofikators” V.T. Chumakov calls neglect of the letter E not only a spelling mistake, but also a political, spiritual, and moral mistake.
And linguists agree with him?
No, linguists are just not that categorical. The editor-in-chief of the Gramota.ru portal Vladimir Pakhomov calls the statement that E instead of E is a gross spelling error one of the myths about the Russian language. Of course, there are arguments both for and against. For example, the obligatory Yo would help to remember the correct pronunciation of some names, surnames and names of localities. But there is also a danger: if Yo is made mandatory, then the texts of the classics may begin to be “modernized”, and then Yo will appear where it should not be at all.
In what words is Yo pronounced by mistake?
There are quite a lot of such words. Can often be heard scam instead of scam or guardianship instead of guardianship. In fact, these words do not contain the letter E, and pronunciation with E is considered a gross spelling error. In the same list are words such as grenadier ( not a grenadier!) , expired in the meaning of time (it is impossible to say elapsed period)settled ( under no circumstances settled!),hagiography And being . Here, by the way, it is appropriate to recall director Yakin from the film “Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession.” Yakin pronounces the word hagiography absolutely correct - through E, not through E.
Anewborn also without Yo?
You can write this word with E instead of E, but it is pronounced with E. That's right - newborn, not newborn!
Words are also pronounced with Yo obscene ( remember it, this word is very often pronounced incorrectly!), edge, worthless, windsurfing, bleeding (blood).
I'm completely confused. Still, if I don’t want to reach for Yo on the keyboard, am I not betraying the Russian language and my Motherland?
Of course no! There is no mistake or betrayal in refusing Yo. The letter E cannot be dispensed with except in textbooks for primary schoolchildren and in manuals for foreigners who do not know how to read and pronounce Russian words. In other cases, the decision is yours. However, if in correspondence about the weather you suddenly want to write something like “Tomorrow we will finally take a break from the cold,” try to reach out to E.