Presentation about the Hanging Gardens 5. Presentation "The Hanging Gardens of Babylon: Myth or Reality?". Hanging Gardens of Babylon: interesting facts

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Another slave died today Without words of mercy, anger and resentment. A multi-legged crab closed over him - the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. The king in love could not bear the reproach. slaves, they do not need coffins, And the soil will become twice fertile! The dawn of humanity is rising, And the truths have not yet been beaten. The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are quietly talking about something to the wind ...

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Hanging Gardens of Babylon

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The Hanging Gardens of Babylon is the second of the seven wonders of the world and the least explored by scientists. Unfortunately, this marvelous architectural creation has not survived to this day. It is only known that they were located in the legendary city of Mesopotamia (Mesopotamia) - Babylon, and the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II (605-562 BC) is considered their creator.

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In the 6th century BC, the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II ordered the construction of marvelous gardens for his beloved wife Amitis. She was a Median princess and in dusty, noisy Babylon, located on a bare sandy plain, she longed for the green hills of her homeland. The king, in order to please his beloved, decided to create fabulous gardens.

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The very name of the miracle - Hanging Gardens - misleads us. Gardens did not hang in the air! And they were not even supported by ropes, as they used to think. The gardens were rather not hanging, but protruding.

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The Hanging Gardens were amazing - trees, shrubs and flowers from all over the world grew in noisy and dusty Babylon. The plants were located as they should have grown in their natural environment: lowland plants - on the lower terraces, high-mountain ones - on the higher ones. Trees such as palm, cypress, cedar, boxwood, plane tree, oak were planted in the Gardens.

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The Hanging Gardens had the shape of a pyramid, consisting of four tiers in the form of protruding balconies, which were supported by columns up to 25 meters high. The lower tier had the shape of an irregular quadrangle. All tiers were planted with beautiful plants. Seeds were brought to Babylon from all over the world. The pyramid looked like an evergreen flowering hill.

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To prevent seepage of irrigation water, the surface of each platform was first covered with a layer of reeds and asphalt, then bricks, lead slabs were laid, fertile land was laid on them with a thick carpet, where vegetation was planted. The gardens are formed from arched vaults laid out in a checkerboard pattern in several rows.

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The pyramid looked like an ever-blooming hill. For the people of that time, the most surprising was not only the design of the gardens, but also the irrigation system. Pipes were placed in the cavity of one of the columns. Day and night, hundreds of slaves turned the wheel with leather buckets, pumping water upward, pumping it from the river. Magnificent gardens with rare trees, flowers and coolness in sultry Babylon were truly a miracle.

"Civilization and Society" - Society of Farmers and Pastoralists. Stages of development of human society. How is primary civilization different from secondary? Name the coastal civilizations Name the mountain civilizations. Causes of civilizations. State. Modern times (from 1919 to the present day). Name river civilizations.

"Wonders of the World" - The Hanging Gardens were built in 600 BC. by order of the Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar II. During the day, a column of smoke served as a guide for sailors. Zeus Olympian. Faros lighthouse. Egyptian pyramids. The second temple of Artemis was larger than the previous one. Temple of Artemis of Ephesus. The Colossus of Rhodes. "Hanging Gardens of Babylon.

"Old Towns" - Peter Planzio. Kursk, 1722 Miletus, 5th c. BC, arch. Le Carbusier, the ideal city, 1926 Constantinople (1422). New Amsterdam (America) 1672 Round city of Garnier Artur T. Edward's exemplary city. 1930 A modern city of 3 million inhabitants, Le Carbusier. Norsia is modern. Ayan, Languedoc, France.

"Hanging Gardens" - The pillars were made of stone, and stone was a rarity in Mesopotamian architecture. Nebuchadnezzar built his palace on an artificially created platform, raised to the height of a four-tier structure. In the 7th century BC. Semiramis in power. Realistic point of view about the appearance of Semiramis. The ruins of Ancient Babylon are located 90 kilometers from Baghdad.

"Era of history" - Traveling in a time machine. Wise time. 4. The tomb of the pharaoh in ancient Egypt. Vesuvius. What do you know about the world of primitive people. Who was the most active in the lesson? 5. God of wisdom in ancient Egypt. Moscow, Rome, Amsterdam, Copenhagen. What tasks did you enjoy? Hieroglyphs. Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, sphinx.

"Culture and Civilization" - When limits are internalized, a more complex ontology emerges. 10. Transitology. 20. 8. The difference between civilization and culture. rational stage. Dutch period - from 1588 to 1713 (Treaty of Utrecht).

There are 11 presentations in total in the topic

MUNICIPAL BUDGET EDUCATIONAL

INSTITUTION

"Ust-Abakan secondary school"

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon is the second wonder of the world.

3A grade student

Ustyugova Nikita

Research project leader:

Shandybina Marina Anatolievna

(classroom teacher)

In the history of the ancient world, there are many mysterious phenomena that scientists are still unraveling. People are always interested in all kinds of riddles, myths, secrets. Therefore, interest in many mysteries remains even when their answers seem to be found.

Project relevance:

Such mysterious phenomena include the Seven Wonders of the World, each of which holds many secrets. But most of all I was interested in the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. I got a lot of questions. What kind of gardens are these? Who built them? Are they really up in the air? Did they really exist or is it a beautiful fairy tale?

I wanted to know more about them. Thus began my "research".

An object - the second wonder of the world "Hanging Gardens of Babylon"

Item - "Hanging Gardens of Babylon"

The purpose of the research project: acquaintance with the second wonder of the world "The Hanging Gardens of Babylon"

Research project objectives:

Collect and study information about whether the Hanging Gardens were actually created;

Find out their whereabouts;

Find out who built the hanging gardens and why;

Find out what they looked like and why they are called that;

Find out their death;

Give interesting facts about hanging gardens;

Make a layout of these gardens

Hypothesis - I dare to suggest that the Hanging Gardens of Babylon is an ugly legend, but a reality that you can build with your own hands.

Project stages:

The first stage is theoretical - consisted in planning the topic of the project and studying the literature.

The second stage is practical - consisted in the design of the research results in the form of a layout of gardens and the presentation.

Third stage - protection of the project.

The practical significance of my project lies in the fact that this work can be used in technology lessons, extracurricular activities.

The solution to existence hanging gardens

In the existence of the second wonder of the world - the "Hanging Gardens of Babylon", many scientists question and argue that this is nothing more than the imagination of an ancient chronicler. His idea was picked up by others and diligently began to rewrite from chronicle to chronicle.

For a long time, historians and archaeologists were distrustful of enthusiastic descriptions of this garden. This attitude was explained by the fact that there was no mention of them in the deciphered hieroglyphs - drawings. The detailed description of Babylon left by Herodotus, who was there during this period, also does not say anything about the hanging park.

But Josephus Flavius ​​mentions them, referring to the "Babylonian History", written by the priest Bers. In addition, the testimonies of ancient historians about the place of death of Alexander the Great say that he died under the arches of his favorite park, which reminded him of his native Macedonia.

The archaeological find of the German scientist R. Kildeev also convinced historians that the gardens really existed. Expedition Kildeev, for 18 years (1899-1917) excavating in Hilla (90 km from Baghdad), proved that the Babylonian miracles actually existed. The discovered remains of masonry pillars and a shaft well near the ruins of the palace, according to the archaeologist, served as confirmation of the words of ancient authors. The Babylonians used burnt bricks in their buildings. The stone was very expensive. Stone was used only in the construction of gardens and part of the defensive wall.

So it turns out that the hanging gardens still existed, but where were they located, who built them and why????

2. Location of the hanging gardens

Time has destroyed the hanging gardens, and now it is even impossible to say exactly where they were. Although archaeologists have repeatedly attempted to find traces of the wonder of the world famous in antiquity.

As we already know, the German historian Robert Koldewey took on this task.

Excavations lasted 18 years.

As a result, the scientist said that he had discovered traces of Ancient Babylon - part of the city wall, the ruins of the Tower of Babel and the remains of columns and vaults, which, in his opinion, once surrounded the famous Hanging Gardens of Babylon. The excavations he carried out made it possible to get a fairly clear idea of ​​\u200b\u200bwhat Babylon looked like in the 6th century BC. e. The city was built up according to a clearly drawn up plan, it was surrounded by a triple ring of walls, the length of which reached 18 km. The number of its inhabitants was at least 200,000. Babylon was a rectangle, which was divided into the Old and New City.

3. Who built the hanging gardens and why?

We found out that the Hanging Gardens were located in Ancient Babylon in the 6th century BC. e., at this time Nebuchadnezzar II ruled there.

He is famous not only for the capture of Jerusalem and the creation of the Tower of Babel, but also for the fact that he gave his beloved wife an expensive and unusual gift. By royal order, a palace-garden was created in the center of the capital, which was later called the Hanging Gardens of Babylon. Deciding to marry, Nebuchadnezzar II chose a bride - the beautiful Amitis, daughter of the king of Media, with whom he was in allied relations. The king and his young wife settled in Babylon.

Amitis, who was accustomed to living among forest thickets and lush vegetation, quickly became unbearable in the dull landscape around the palace. In the city - gray sand, darkened buildings, dusty streets, and outside the city gates - the endless desert brought the queen to melancholy. The ruler, noticing the sadness in his wife's eyes, inquired about the reason. Amitis expressed a desire to be at home, to walk through her beloved forest, to enjoy the smell of flowers.

Then Nebuchadnezzar II ordered the construction of a palace, which would be turned into a garden.

4. What did the gardens look like and why are they called that?

The idea of ​​​​creating hanging gardens in the middle of a dry plain looked somehow fantastic at that time. However, this task proved to be within the power of local engineers.

The building created by the craftsmen looked like an ever-blooming green hill, as it consisted of four floors, which towered one above the other in the form of a stepped pyramid, connected by wide staircases of white and pink slabs. The platforms were mounted on columns about 25 meters high - this height was necessary so that the plants growing on each floor had good access to sunlight. The lower platform had an irregular quadrangular shape. So that the water used to water the plants does not seep into the lower platform, the surface of each tier was laid as follows:

First, a layer of reed was laid out, which was previously mixed with resin; further followed two layers of bricks fastened together with gypsum mortar; Lead plates were laid on them; And already on these slabs such a huge layer of fertile soil was poured that trees could easily take root in it. Herbs, flowers, shrubs were also planted here.

The gardens had a rather complicated irrigation system: a pipe was placed in the middle of one column, through which water flowed into the garden. Every day, the slaves turned a special wheel without stopping, to which leather buckets were attached, thus pumping water.

Water flowed through the pipe to the very top of the structure, from there it was redirected to numerous channels and flowed down to the lower terraces. Regardless of which floor the garden visitor was on, he could always hear the murmur of water, and near the trees he found shade and coolness - a rare occurrence for stuffy and hot Babylon. Despite the fact that such gardens could not be compared with the nature of the native land of Queen Amitis, they were quite good at replacing her native area.

Why are the gardens of Babylon called hanging? In fact, the Hanging Gardens were not in the air. Such a definition of the wonder of the world was due to an incorrect translation from Greek or Latin. It meant finding green spaces on the levels. In addition, climbing plants grew along the edges of the terraces, which seemed to float in the air.

5. The death of hanging gardens

After the death of Nebuchadnezzar II, after some time, Babylon was captured by Alexander the Great (4th century BC), who set up his residence in the palace. After his death, Babylon began to gradually collapse, and with it one of the wonders of the world: gardens with an artificial irrigation system and without proper care could not exist for a long time. After some time, they fell into disrepair, and then the powerful floods of the nearby river did their job, the foundation was washed out, the platforms fell, and the history of the existence of amazing gardens ended.

6. Hanging Gardens of Babylon: interesting facts

 The name of the gardens was erroneously assigned to Queen Semiramis. She had nothing to do with the famous garden. Semiramis lived two centuries after the wonder of the world was built, besides, she was at enmity with the inhabitants of Babylon.

 According to the descriptions of ancient historians, for the construction of the foundations of terraces and columns, a stone was used that is absent in the vicinity of Babylon. It and fertile land for trees were brought from afar.

 Plants were brought from all over the world, but planted taking into account their growth in natural conditions: on the lower terraces - terrestrial, on the upper - mountain. Plants from her homeland were planted on the upper platform, beloved by the queen.

My research is how to build such gardens?

When I found out how these gardens were built, I wondered if it was possible to make such a magnificent garden at home, with the help of my parents.

We found drawings of the general view of the gardens and construction schemes.

To create a layout, we needed: images of hanging gardens made by scientists and artists from different countries, A3 color cardboard, a simple pencil, a ruler, scissors, PVA glue, double-sided tape, dark green Oasis material, artificial flowers and greenery, bamboo sticks for fastening structures together.

The creation of the layout began from the lower tier: the “oasis” was fastened together with bamboo sticks and given a rectangular shape, and a wide staircase was built from it, which leads to the lower floor. They created the appearance of a brick wall from colored cardboard and pasted over the layout of the first and other tiers.

With the help of artificial greenery, they gave the appearance of vegetation on the surface of the layout.

In the same way we make the second tier, but in size it will be much smaller than the first tier.

Two tiers are interconnected by four columns and a column in the center, which served as the garden's water supply.

On two tiers we have a flower garden, small bushes, palm trees and creepers. From tier to tier are located on both sides of the stairs. To enliven the composition, a figurine of a bird has been added to the layout.

CONCLUSION

In the course of my research, the hypothesis was confirmed - the hanging gardens of Babylon can be built with your own hands at home.

The goal that I set in my research - acquaintance with the second wonder of the world was achieved.

All the tasks put forward in the work were completed: I collected and studied information about whether the hanging gardens were actually created; found out their whereabouts; found out who built the hanging gardens and why; I found out what they looked like, why they are called that and their death, and also made a model of the gardens.

My work is of great practical importance, since this material can be used in technology lessons, extracurricular activities.

CONCLUSION

My research turned out to be very interesting and informative. I learned that the garden really existed, though not for very long. I was surprised by the talent and skill of the masters who created this miracle.

And it doesn’t matter whose name this garden is named and who created it, something else is interesting: how could the builders without knowledge of mathematics, without the use of exact sciences, build such a structure ?!

So the Hanging Gardens of Babylon can rightfully be considered the most mysterious of the seven wonders of the world.

THANK YOU

FOR ATTENTION!!!

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