Presentation on history on the topic: "Rebellious Age". Presentation on the topic: Rebellious Age Revolt under the leadership of S. Razin

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"Rebellious Age"

09/23/2016 Lessons 39-40.

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Lesson Plan

09/23/2016 1. Salt riot; 2. Copper rebellion; 3. On the eve of the discord; 4. Stepan Razin; 5. To the Volga and the Caspian; 6. Expansion of the movement and its end

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1. Salt riot

09/23/2016 In 1648, a movement broke out, which received the name "Salt Riot" in the sources and historiography. The uprising began on June 1, 1648. On this day, the young Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, with many of his entourage and guards, was returning from a pilgrimage from the monastery. As soon as the tsar entered the city, he was met by a large crowd of Muscovites and visitors, including petitioners who had gathered in the capital from different parts of the country. With shouts, they surrounded the tsar's carriage and complained about L.S. Pleshcheev, the head of the Zemsky order, who was in charge of the administration of the capital, its craft and trade population, threw stones at the boyars. Some of them were then injured

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09/23/2016 The next day, the dissatisfied again demanded that Pleshcheev resign, stop the harassment and bribery of orderly people. Morozova, P.T. Trakhaniotov (head of the Pushkar order), N.I. Chisty (Head of the Ambassadorial Department), L.S. Pleshcheev and others. N. Chisty, who was known among the people as a shameless bribe taker, the initiator of a huge tax on salt, introduced a few years before the riot and canceled six months before it, the rebels seized and hacked, throwing the body into a pile of manure Forced to yield, Alexei Mikhailovich ordered "to betray Pleshcheev with his head to the whole people." The executioner took him out of the Kremlin, and the rebels literally tore to pieces the "burgomaster"

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1. Salt riot

09/23/2016 On June 3 and 4, the pogroms of the courts of noble and wealthy people continued, during which serf documents in boyar and noble houses were destroyed or damaged. Participants in the uprising demanded the extradition of Trakhaniotov. Brought to the palace to the king, he was extradited, and the rebels immediately killed him. The rebels still demanded the extradition of the head of government and the tutor of Tsar Morozov. He tried to escape from Moscow, but the coachmen recognized him and almost killed him. He returned to the Kremlin, where he hid in the royal chambers. Soon he was exiled. The events included the nobles and the upper tenants. Taking advantage of the confusion and weakening of the government, they filed a petition. It put forward demands for the streamlining of legal proceedings, the correct conduct of all cases in orders, the convening of the Zemsky Sobor to develop a new law - the Code

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09/23/2016 Unrest in the capital continued. They also moved to the periphery. In this turbulent situation, the authorities convened the Zemsky Sobor on July 16. The ruling elites thus made concessions primarily to the nobility and the townsman elite, who, using the discontent and uprising of the lower classes, received the greatest gain. settlements in which artisans, peasants of the feudal lords lived, acting as competitors to the townspeople in trade and other matters, but not serving the tax. In October, the tsar returned Morozov from exile

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09/23/2016 But the unrest continued until the end of January 1649, when, after the adoption of the Council Code, the situation finally stabilized

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2. Copper Riot

09/23/2016 On July 25, 1662, a powerful, albeit fleeting, uprising took place - the famous "Copper Riot" Its participants - the capital's townspeople and part of the archers, soldiers, the Moscow garrison - presented their demands to Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich: to cancel the copper money introduced for 8 years before, with the outbreak of the war with Poland, to reduce high prices for salt and other things, to stop the violence and bribery of the “traitor” boyars borders. At the Money Yard, Russian coins were minted from foreign coins: kopecks, money and polushkas. The protracted war with the Commonwealth over Ukraine required huge expenses. To find money to continue the war, A.L. Ordin-Nashchokin proposed to issue copper money at the price of silver. Taxes were collected in silver, and salaries were distributed in copper.

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09/23/2016 At first, a small copper coin really circulated on a par with silver kopecks, but soon the excessive issue of unsecured copper money, which was minted in Moscow, Novgorod and Pskov, led to their depreciation. For 1 ruble of silver they gave 17 rubles of copper Despite the tsar's decree, all goods rose in price sharply The financial situation in the country led to the flourishing of counterfeiting The tsar and his court were at that time in the village of Kolomenskoye. “Mobile”, “people of all ranks”, “muzhiks” and soldiers along different streets from Moscow walked and fled towards Kolomenskoye. 4-5 thousand rebels went there, including more than 500 soldiers and other military people. When the tsar left the church, he was surrounded by indignant rebels, "beaten with brows with great ignorance and brought a sheet of thieves' and petitions", "obscene cries demanded a reduction in taxes"

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On September 23, 2016, the Tsar spoke to them in a “quiet manner.” They managed to convince the rebels, and one of the rebels "beat his hands with the king", after which the crowd calmed down and headed for Moscow. All the while, while part of the rebels went to the royal residence and were there, others smashed the courts of hated persons in the capital. They defeated and destroyed the court of the merchant V. Shorin, who collected extraordinary taxes from all over the state, the guest of S. Zadorin. Then the rioters also headed to Kolomenskoye. Both parties of rebels (one went from Kolomenskoye to Moscow, the other, on the contrary, from Moscow to Kolomenskoye) met somewhere halfway between the capital and the village. Having united, they went again to the king. There were already up to 9-10 thousand of them. By this time, troops had already been pulled into Kolomenskoye. They mercilessly put down the rebellion. At least 2.5-3 thousand people died or were arrested. Copper money was abolished early next year

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3. On the eve of the discord

09/23/2016 Escapes of serfs after the adoption of the Council Code (1649) continued, but it became more difficult to carry them out. The landowners and votchinniks increased duties and dues. State taxes increased greatly. The position of instrumental servicemen - archers and others - worsened (imposition of taxes on trade and crafts, reduction of salaries, irregular and incomplete issuance of it, violence from the treasury and superiors). The townspeople also suffered from taxes and extraordinary collections. The wars with Poland and Sweden were accompanied by the ruin of the population. In the same years, crop failures and epidemics occurred more than once. Impoverished people more and more often resorted to a tried and tested means - flight to neighboring districts or to distant outskirts. In the Cossack regions, it has long been a custom not to extradite fugitives who have come there. “There is no extradition from the Don”

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09/23/2016 This attracted masses of people who were satisfied with the Cossack order: the absence of landlords and governors, the equality of the Cossacks (although the wealthy, who used the labor of poor villagers, were already distinguished from their midst) All important issues were resolved at circles - general gatherings, election officials - chieftains and yesauls, their assistants By the mid-60s. the situation on the Don worsened. A large number of fugitives have accumulated here. The Moscow government is pursuing a policy of economic sanctions - it restricts trade, the supply of food. In 1666, the tsar demanded a census and the return of the peasants who had fled from the palace villages from the Don. Famine began in the spring. In June 1666, a detachment set out from the Don with the intention of entering the royal service - 700 people: 500 horsemen and 200 people arrived in Voronezh on ships

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09/23/2016 They were headed by Vasily Us, in the future the closest associate of Stepan Razin. Usovtsy moved to Tula and camped. They were not accepted into service and ordered that the Cossacks return to the Don. Meanwhile, in the region of Tula, Voronezh and other neighboring counties, hundreds of serfs and serfs poured into the Usovo detachment, replenishing the ranks of free Cossacks. Its number soon reached several thousand people Usovtsy and new fugitives began to smash the estates of landlords and votchinniki, burned their houses, took property, killed the owners. The nobles of different counties fled from their estates under the protection of the fortress walls to Tula and other cities. To fight the Usovites, an army led by Prince Yu. N. Boryatinsky was allocated. Cossacks are removed from the camp and go to the Don

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4. Stepan Razin

09/23/2016 Stepan, like his father Timofey, who probably came out of the Voronezh Posad, belonged to the homely Cossacks. Stepan was born around 1630. Stepan Razin (1630-1671) In 1663, Stepan led a detachment of Donets, who went along with the Cossacks and Kalmyks near Perekop against the Crimean Tatars. At Dairy Waters, they defeated a detachment of Crimeans. Even then, he was distinguished by courage and skill, the ability to lead people in military enterprises, to negotiate. In 1665, his elder brother Ivan was executed. He led a regiment of Don Cossacks that took part in the war with Poland. In autumn, the Don people asked to go home, but they were not released. Then they left without permission, and the commander-in-chief of the boyar, Prince Yu.A. Dolgoruky ordered the execution of the commander.

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09/23/2016 The situation on the Don was heating up. In 1667, with the end of the war with the Commonwealth, new parties of fugitives poured into the Don and other places. Famine reigned on the Don In search of a way out of a difficult situation in order to get their daily bread, the poor Cossacks at the end of winter - the beginning of spring of 1667 united in small gangs, moved to the Volga and the Caspian Sea, robbed merchant ships They were defeated by government detachments. But gangs gather again and again. Stepan Razin becomes their leader. The practice of Cossack campaigns "for zipuns", that is, for prey, was a widespread phenomenon among the Cossacks. Back in the 18th century, the Cossacks themselves were not engaged in agriculture, since there was a rule: “Which of the Cossacks will plow the land and sow bread, that Cossack will be beaten and robbed”

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5. To the Volga and the Caspian

09/23/2016 To Razin and his associates early. in the spring, masses of poor Cossacks, including the Usovites, hurry to go on a campaign to the Volga and the Caspian Sea. In mid-May 1667, the detachment moved from the Don to the Volga, then to Yaik. In February 1668, the Razintsy, wintering in the Yaik town, defeated a 3,000-strong detachment that had come from Astrakhan. In March, throwing heavy cannons into the river and taking their lungs with them, they entered the Caspian Sea. On the western coast, detachments of Sergei Krivoy joined Razin, Boba and other atamans of Raznitsa sail along the western coast of the sea to the south. They plunder merchant ships, the possessions of the Shamkhal of Tarkov and the Shah of Persia, free many Russian captives who, in different ways and at different times, fell into these parts.

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After this brilliant victory, Razin and his Cossacks, enriched with fabulous booty, but extremely exhausted and hungry, head north. In August 1669, they appear in Astrakhan, and local governors, taking from them a promise to faithfully serve the tsar, surrender all ships and guns , release service people, let them go up the Volga to the Don

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Stenka Razin on the Caspian Sea. Painting by V.I. Surikov

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6. New hike

09/23/2016 In early October, Razin returned to the Don. His daring Cossacks, who acquired not only wealth, but also military experience, settled on an island near the town of Kagalnitsky. On the Don, dual power was established. Affairs in the Don Army were controlled by a Cossack foreman, headed by an ataman, who was sitting in Cherkassk. It was supported by well-to-do, wealthy Cossacks. But Razin, who was at Kagalnik, did not reckon with the military ataman Yakovlev, his godfather, and all his assistants. The number of the Razin rebel army, which is being formed on the Don, is growing rapidly. The leader does everything energetically and secretly.

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09/23/2016 But soon he no longer hides his plans and goals. Razin openly declares that he will soon begin a new big campaign, and not only and not so much for the robbery of trade caravans: “It’s the Volga for me to see the boyars!” At the beginning of May 1670, Razin was removed from the camp and arrived in Panshin's town. Appears here and V. Us with the Don Cossacks Razin organized a new campaign on the Volga, which already had the character of an open uprising. He sent out “charming” (seductive) letters, in which he called on all those who were seeking freedom and who wanted to serve him to his side. , representatives of the church, accusing them of "treason" to the king. The Razintsy spread a rumor that Tsarevich Alexei Alekseevich (who actually died in Moscow on January 17, 1670) and Patriarch Nikon (who was in exile) were in their ranks.

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On May 15, the Razin army reached the Volga above Tsaritsyn and laid siege to the city. The people opened the gates. After reprisals against the governor, clerks, military leaders and wealthy merchants, the rebels staged a duvan - a division of confiscated property. Leaving a thousand people (out of 10 thousand) in Tsaritsyn, Razin went to Black Yar. Under its walls, "simple warriors" from the government troops of Prince S. Lvov, with drumming and unfurled banners, went over to the rebels

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On June 22, 1670, Astrakhan was captured. According to the verdict of the circle, the governor, officers, nobles and others were executed, up to 500 people in total. Their property was divided in July 1670. Razin left Astrakhan. He goes up the Volga, and soon, in mid-August, Saratov and Samara surrender to him without a fight. Razintsy enter areas with extensive feudal estates and a large peasant population. Concerned authorities are gathering here many noble, archery, soldier regiments

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Razin hurries to Simbirsk - the center of a heavily fortified line of cities and fortresses. The rebels approached on September 4th. The next day, a heated battle broke out, which continued on September 6, Razin intensified the onslaught and broke into the prison literally on the shoulders of the defeated regiments of Boryatinsky. Miloslavsky withdrew his forces to the Kremlin. Both sides suffered heavy losses. Razin began a month-long siege of the Kremlin

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7. Expansion of the movement and its end

09/23/2016 The flame of the uprising covers a vast territory: the Volga region, the Trans-Volga region, many southern, southeastern, central counties. Sloboda Ukraine, Don The main driving force is the mass of serfs. Actively involved in the movement are the lower ranks of the city, working people, barge haulers, small servicemen (city archers, soldiers, Cossacks), representatives of the lower clergy, all sorts of "walking", "homeless" people. The Chuvash and Mari, Mordovians and Tatars join the movement. A huge territory, many cities and villages passed under the control of the rebels. Their inhabitants dealt with the feudal lords, the rich, replaced the voivode with elected authorities - atamans and their assistants, who were elected at general gatherings, like Cossack circles. They stopped collecting taxes and payments in favor of the feudal lords and the treasury, corvee work

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09/23/2016 The charming letters sent by Razin and other leaders raised new sections of the population to revolt. According to a contemporary foreigner, up to 200 thousand people participated in the movement at that time. Many nobles fell victim to them, their estates burned down. The main rebel army in September and early October besieged the Simbirsk Kremlin. In many counties, local detachments of the rebels fought against the troops and nobles. They captured many cities - Alatyr and Kurmysh, Penza and Saransk. Frightened by the scale of the uprising, which was called war in the documents of that time, the authorities mobilized new regiments. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich himself arranges a review of the troops. He appoints the commander-in-chief of all forces, the boyar, Prince Yu. A. Dolgoruky, an experienced commander who distinguished himself in the war with Poland, a stern and merciless person.

Lesson Plan

2. Salt riot.

3.Copper riot.

4. Uprising under the leadership of S. Razin.

5. Old Believers.

Lesson assignment.

Why were the popular uprisings of the 17th century doomed to failure?

2. Salt riot.

E. Lissner.

Salt Riot.

On June 1, the Salt Riot began in Moscow. The tsar's assistants raised the price of salt to replenish the treasury. And the people asked the tsar to punish the main culprit, L. Pleshcheev. The frightened tsar gave the crowd Pleshcheev and the head of the Pushkar order Trakhaniotov, and sent his mentor B. Morozov into exile.

Soon uprisings broke out in Kursk, Novgorod, Pskov, and Alexei Mikhailovich instructed N. Odoevsky to write a draft of the Cathedral Code.

3.Copper riot.

E. Lissner.

Copper Riot.

In 1662, the Copper Riot broke out in Moscow. The authorities began to mint a copper coin instead of silver to replenish the treasury. The monetary system turned out to be upset. archers and defeated the rebels, but the circulation of copper money was canceled.

In 1667, the uprising of S. Razin began. The Cossacks dragged the planes from the Don to the Volga and robbed the royal caravan and burned the 1st Orel warship. The Cossacks captured the Yaitsky town and plundered the Iranian cities on the Caspian coast in 1669 g. returned to the Don.

In winter, Razin proposed to withdraw the “traitors-boyars” and in the spring the Cossacks again went to the Volga. They captured Tsaritsin, and the archers sent against them supported Razin.

Hike "for zipuns".

4. Uprising under the leadership of S. Razin.

Then he took Astrakhan and executed the governor, and established a Cossack circle in the city.

Razin began to send out "charming letters" and moved up the Volga. Samara and Saratov surrendered without a fight and the rebels approached Simbirsk.

Y. Baryatinsky defeated the Cossacks. Razin was wounded and soon issued a foreman.

In June 1671, Razin was quartered. But the centers of the uprising remained until the end of the year.

S. Razin being taken to the execution.

Engraving of the 17th century.

5. Old Believers.

V. Surikov.

Boyar Morozova.

The church schism led to the appearance of the Old Believers. They protested against the reforms, went into the forests, burned themselves, did not obey the authorities. The largest uprisings were the Solovetsky 1668-76, the Don uprisings of the 70-80s. All of them were brutally suppressed.

In the century, a rumor spread among the schismatics about the imminent coming of the Antichrist to the earth.

"Riots and uprisings of the 17th century" - - The siege of the Simbirsk fortress by the Cossack army - The performance of the Church against the rebels. The composition of the participants - erratic need (runaway serfs) Goals - the liberation of people from all forms of dependence. The composition of the participants - merchants, archers, hired workers Requirements - the abolition of money. Reasons for the rebellion. The main directions of foreign policy of Alexei Mikhailovich.

"Bogdan Khmelnitsky" - Anti-Polish uprising. Gained fame at the court of the Polish king. From 1638 he was a centurion of the Chigirinsky regiment, then a military clerk of the Zaporizhzhya Host. Who was. Under the Cossack banners were tens of thousands of peasants. Bohdan Khmelnytsky. The Poles stubbornly did not give up their claims to Ukraine and did not comply with the terms of the signed agreements.

"Development of Russia in the 17th century" - An excerpt from the satirical story "Therapist". The Russian Chronograph is an official historical work of the late 17th century. XVII century - a significant expansion of the territory of Russia. Literature. Option II. He was wise in his speeches and an excellent orator, quick-witted in his thoughts. What historical events are we talking about?

"17th century" - Bookshops on the Spassky bridge. Church of the Transfiguration on Kizhi Island. It is an outstanding architectural monument. Moscow. Lesson assignment. ARCHITECTURE in the 17th century. 1721 edition. Praise to the Icon of the Mother of God of Vladimir. Lesson topic. Pages from the primer of Karion Istomin. Meletiy Smotrytsky. ENLIGHTENMENT, LITERATURE AND LIFE IN THE XVII CENTURY.

"Life of the 17th century" - The family consisted of no more than 10 people. Mica or fish bubbles were inserted into the windows. The king's main entertainment was dog and falconry. The mansions of the nobles were a copy of the royal chambers in miniature. Report by Alexei Fimkin. Hospitality. The royal court became unusually crowded. In the 17th century royal life changed.

"November 4" - Yes, and write to all cities ... everywhere speak by my name. In 1649, by decree of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, the day of November 5 (NS) was declared a holiday, which was celebrated until 1917. Recall. At the beginning of the 17th century, Rus' was flooded with "a wave of impostors and thieves." Burning Moscow Winter. On November 4, Russia celebrates National Unity Day.

In total there are 29 presentations in the topic

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Salt Riot (1648) The reason was an attempt by the boyar B.I. Morozov to introduce an additional tax on the sale and purchase of salt in 1646. Since salt was the most important consumer product, its rise in price hit the population. On June 1, 1648, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich was returning from pilgrimage from the Trinity-Sergius Monastery to the Kremlin. A crowd of Muscovites tried to give him a petition. The townspeople demanded to punish the judge of the Zemsky order L. Pleshcheev, the head of the Pushkar order P. Trakhaniotov and the boyar B. Morozov.

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Results People's lynching of corrupt officials B.I. Morozov sent into exile in the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery Write-off of tax arrears Payment of salaries to the archers Convocation of the Zemsky Sobor and adoption of the Code (1649): Liquidation of the "white settlements" An indefinite search for runaway peasants was introduced, St.

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Copper Riot (1662) The crisis of the monetary system became the cause of the Copper Riot. The protracted war with Poland over Ukraine demanded huge expenses, in connection with which it was decided to mint copper money at the price of silver. Paying salaries to service people in copper money, the government demanded that taxes be paid in silver. Soon copper money depreciated. And although a strict royal decree forbade raising prices, all goods rose sharply in price. Counterfeiting was on the rise. The people again went to the king in Kolomenskoye "for the truth."

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Results The king was forced to go out to the people. He called on the people to calm, and when the troops finally arrived, the massacre began. The tsar ordered the execution of 19 of the most active instigators of the rebellion, and about 12 more people were punished with branding, cutting off hands, feet, and tongues. Despite the merciless suppression of the rebellion, it did not go unnoticed. In 1663, by the royal decree of the copper business, the courtyards in Novgorod and Pskov were closed, and the minting of silver coins was resumed in Moscow. The salaries of all ranks to service people were again paid in silver money. Copper money was withdrawn from circulation, private individuals were ordered to melt it into boilers or bring it to the treasury, where for each ruble handed over they paid -10, and later even less - 2 silver money. According to V. O. Klyuchevsky, "The treasury acted like a real bankrupt, paid creditors 5 kopecks or even 1 kopeck per ruble"

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The uprising led by Stepan Razin Causes: The growth in the number of Cossacks from among the fugitive peasants Social tension in the Cossack environment Attempts to limit Cossack liberty

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stages of the uprising. The first stage (1667-1669) was a “campaign for zipuns”, “for booty” The second stage (1670-1671) was a campaign against the “traitor boyars”.

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Main events The first period began with a robbery campaign of the Cossacks to the Caspian Sea. Razintsy captured Yaitsky town, then headed to the coast of Persia, defeated the Persian fleet sent against them. Then Razin approached Astrakhan. In September 1669, Razin's detachments sailed up the Volga and occupied Tsaritsyn, after which they sailed to the Don. The second period began in April 1670. Razin again took possession of Tsaritsyn. This was followed by the assault on Astrakhan. The rebels headed up the Volga. Samara and Saratov surrendered without a fight. Razin sent out "charming letters" in which he called the people to fight. The peoples of the Volga region joined him. Peasant war overtook the highest intensity. The tsarist government sent a large army to Simbirsk, which at that time was besieging Razin. The rebels were defeated, retreating to the Don. Razin was captured by wealthy Cossacks and handed over to the government. On June 6, 1671, Razin was executed on Red Square in Moscow.

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STEPAN TIMOFEEVICH RAZIN (c. 1630–1671) – leader of the Peasants' War of 1670–1671. Born ca. 1630 in the village of Zimoveyskaya on the Don in the family of a wealthy Cossack Timofey Razin, probably the middle son of three (Ivan, Stepan, Frol). Contemporaries noted that Stepan possessed not only great physical strength, but also an extraordinary mind and willpower. These qualities allowed him to soon become the Don Cossack ataman. Stepan showed outstanding qualities of a military leader in campaigns against the Crimean Tatars and Turks in 1661-1663. Razin gained diplomatic experience in negotiations with the Kalmyks, and then with the Persians. Being a supporter of the Cossack "freedom", Razin could not agree with the restriction of the freedom of the Cossacks. But the last straw that broke Stepan's patience was the execution of his older brother Ivan, who deserted from the active army in 1665. Razin's speech against the tsarist authorities became after that a matter of time. During the uprising of 1670-1671, he appeared in the guise of an extremely cruel leader who did not spare not only enemies, but also the Cossacks who disobeyed his order. Despite the cruelty, he remained in the people's memory as a generous, affable person who provided for the poor and hungry. He was considered a sorcerer, they believed in his strength and happiness, they called him "father".

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results of the uprising. The uprising was suppressed by the government. The brutal massacre of the rebels (100 thousand people were killed and tortured) The execution of Stepan Razin.

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