The fire on the bell tower of the Novodevichy Convent on March 15 this year has already become an occasion for gloomy conspiracy theories. mean official information, according to which “the building did not receive serious damage” and “the bells were not damaged”, does not fit in with the opinion of experts. An official conclusion about the causes of the fire in the Novodevichy Convent will be made on the basis of an examination carried out by the Ministry of Emergency Situations. However, it is now clear: regular version about someone's negligence will not suit anyone.
The Novodevichy bell tower, like the entire monastery, is included in the list of objects world heritage UNESCO along with the Church of the Ascension in Kolomenskoye and the Moscow Kremlin. IN last time The Novodevichy Convent burned before the death of Ivan the Terrible in March 1584. And the monastery bell tower was last repaired in 1998, before the default: then, during a hurricane, a cross fell from it. Now, many also see a secret meaning in the fire that occurred: they see it as a symbol of the coming crisis. The information that Our Version managed to collect also leads to more mundane thoughts.
What are the bells talking about?
The preliminary cause of the fire in the bell tower of the Novodevichy Convent was named almost immediately: careless handling of fire. But the Stroykomplekt company, which carried out the restoration, said: all work on the bell tower that caught fire was completed 12 hours before the start of the fire.
The second inconsistency in this story concerns what, and to what extent, was damaged by the fire. The contractors immediately cheerfully reported: “ Serious damage the building did not receive - the fire affected mainly the construction of temporary scaffolding. The structures of the cross, the cross apple and the cone were deformed and damaged. The message published on the website of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation is no less optimistic: “The scaffolding burned down, there was no fire penetration into the bell tower, therefore, most likely, the bell tower body was not damaged, except for the soot from the fire.” Deputy Minister of Culture of Russia Grigory Pirumov assured: "Serious damage to the monastery has not been caused." Calling the tour desk of the Novodevichy Convent, I found out that "the bells did not melt during the fire, the appearance of the monastery was not damaged, it did not close after the fire, the tours did not stop."
However, there are other estimates of the scale of the fire. So, the architect Konstantin Mikhailov is skeptical: “I am definitely not satisfied with the victorious reports that everything is in order. For several hours the bell tower was exposed to fire, then water. What is the state of the masonry after that? Has she cracked? What is the state of the structure upper tiers? What is the state of the beam with wooden elements on which the ancient bell hangs? What happened to the bell itself? How did all this affect the white stone columns, architraves, carved scallops?
To date, no one has answered these questions...
You can see how much the dome melted
Immediately after the fire was extinguished, experts claimed that the bell tower was practically not damaged. But already in the afternoon naked eye you could see how badly the dome had melted. His main value– a unique selection of bells. One of them (400 tons) was created with the personal money of Princess Sophia. The material from which the domes are cast can melt even at low temperatures. Now there is no evidence that they survived the fire.
On this topic
The building, which received the status of an object of cultural heritage only in April of this year, was demolished by the owners of the land on which it was located. "Obkomovskaya dacha" in the center of Orenburg prevented the construction of a residential complex.
Sergei Klychkov, coordinator of the Arkhnadzor public movement, is also inclined to doubt that the bells are not damaged. Here is what he told Our Version: “Ringers are now speaking cautiously: they say, the damage is not so great. The temperature at which bronze melts is 1200 degrees Celsius. But even at lower temperatures it changes chemical composition this metal. It is difficult to predict how the sound of the bell will change after this. Of course, a professional bell ringer should evaluate this. But will he want to talk about it?
The senior bell ringer of the Moscow Kremlin cathedrals, Igor Konovalov, believes: “If the bell “flowed” under the influence of a strong fire, then in some cases it is impossible to restore it.” If these fears are confirmed, then a whole layer in the history of Russia will perish ...
One way or another, the Novodevichy Convent, in which most of the services are conducted by the primate of the Russian Orthodox Church, Patriarch Kirill, may be left without bell ringing. Art historians fear that the fire destroyed the 16th-century bells forever. The fact is that they are unique, like, for example, a Stradivarius violin. It is impossible to restore them.
How to save on restoration?
The version of the careless handling of fire disappeared immediately: according to the information of the representative of the Stroykomplekt company, which is carrying out the restoration, the heat guns were completely de-energized at the time of ignition. Following this, in the bowels of law enforcement agencies, they started talking about the fact that the fire in the Novodevichy Convent could have been set up by gold leaf hunters who had climbed onto the scaffolding. “Gilding work was carried out on the dome of the bell tower. We have, unfortunately, people whose brain turns off at the word “gold”. And it doesn’t matter anymore whether it’s jewelry, leaf or samovar,” a source in the city’s law enforcement agencies said.
The Archnadzor movement put forward their own version of what happened. “In civilized countries, wooden scaffolding during restoration cultural object no one has been using this value for a long time, - Sergey Klychkov, the coordinator of this movement, explained to Our Version. - Recently I was in Italy - I did not see wooden scaffolding at all. Now in the course of metal scaffolding. If they are not there, they take a metal frame with a special impregnation so that they are not combustible. In my opinion, the use of antediluvian wooden scaffolding in the restoration of a world-class cultural monument is more than negligence. The scaffolding was assembled with a complete violation of technology, as a result, they began to burn en masse. Why, when VDNKh was being repaired, did they use metal scaffolding for modern technology? Why was the restoration of a unique historical monument, a UNESCO site, entrusted to a contractor without testing its technologies, without assessing the risks? Where were the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Department of Cultural Heritage? Why did they appear only after the fire? There is one more nuance. Now there are few high-class restorers with experience, they are expensive, and instead they often use low-quality labor of low-skilled workers, because everything is stricken with corruption. I look with horror at the restoration of the Spasskaya Tower and am tormented by the question: is it insured against fire?
Fires have become more frequent during the crisis
Another version follows from the commentary of the representative of Arkhnadzor, which so far has not officially appeared anywhere. Most likely, it will not be voiced in its expert opinion by the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the Department of Cultural Heritage of the Ministry of Culture will not be mentioned, and the Moscow Patriarchate will not remember it either.
Recall that the restoration work of the bell tower of the Novodevichy Convent began in 2014. The corresponding order was given to the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Dmitry Medvedev by the President of Russia Vladimir Putin. It was supposed to develop a set of measures to recreate historical appearance monastery. Last year, the Ministry of Culture allocated 1 billion rubles for design and construction work, in 2015 it was planned to allocate 2 billion, in 2016 - 1.5 billion, and in the first half of 2017 -
0.8 billion rubles. IN total about 5.3 billion rubles. But due to the crisis, the amounts began to decrease.
Here is how Protodeacon Andrei Kuraev describes the situation: “The Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation has now allocated almost 800 million rubles for the further restoration of the Novodevichy Convent. With these funds, it is planned to repair the walls and towers of the convent, the Singing Chambers, the Lopukhin Chambers, the Cellar Chambers and the Irininsky Chambers. Before the fire, the documentation looked different. “The purchase is made on the basis of the organizational and financial plan of the federal target program “Culture of Russia (2012-2018)” for 2015 (paragraph 58. Preservation of cultural heritage sites, monuments of history and culture religious purpose, which are in federal ownership),” the tender documentation says. But in the fall of 2014, the editorial of the same resolution comes out. Article 58 is reduced by 140 million. Protodeacon Andrey Kuraev comments on this in the following way: fiscal year hundreds of millions can be so easily transferred from one facility to another, and not at all those injured in a fire. It was repeatedly reported that only scaffolding burned down in Novodevichy and only the dome of the bell tower was damaged, neither the towers nor the walls were damaged in any way. It looks like the fire is nothing more than a pretext for this financial transaction.”
Of course, this is just a guess. But it's not worth taking it off. The cause of the fire, of course, will be established by accusing someone of Once again in negligence. But the problem remains: now even the World Cultural Heritage site, which is under the jurisdiction of the Moscow Patriarchate, is no longer a shrine, but simply a business item.
The Novodevichy Convent was founded in the 16th century by Vasily III in memory of the capture of Smolensk, which had been under the rule of Lithuania for more than a century. This completed the formation of a unified and independent Moscow state. Throughout its existence, the monastery has played a huge role in the history of the country. For example, in troubled times The monastery was a refuge for royal people, and in the 17th century Princess Sophia was imprisoned there. In 1812, the French retreating from Moscow wanted to blow up the monastery, but, according to legend, one of the nuns managed to pour water over the wicks that were brought into the cellar.
June 26th, 2014
Bulgarian settlement X-XV centuries. medieval city- monument to the federal value is located in the Russian Federation, on the territory of the Republic of Tatarstan, 200 km. from Kazan.
Who knew about this historical object? Let's take a closer look at it...
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On the banks of the full-flowing Volga, thirty kilometers below the mouth of the Kama, there is one of wonderful monuments of our cultural heritage - the Bolgar settlement - the capital of one of the earliest state associations in Eastern Europe.
The city of Bolgar was the political, economic and cultural center of the Volga-Kama Bulgaria. Here was the headquarters of the khan, coins were minted, crafts developed.
Emerged from the beginning of the X century. Bulgarian, thanks to its convenient geographic location, turns into international center trade. The trading suburb of Bolgar Aga Bazaar is often visited by merchants from Rus' and Central Asia, Iran, Byzantium and distant China.
The Bolgar settlement is surrounded by an earthen rampart and a moat with a length of more than 5 km. The territory includes an archaeological cultural layer 5 m deep, with seven cultural strata from the 5th century BC. AD up to the present, representing the most valuable archaeological heritage, a number of stone and brick buildings for public and religious purposes, preserved from the XIII - XIV centuries. Area 424 ha, buffer zone 2819 ha. On the eastern side, the ancient settlement adjoins the city of Bolgar, the regional center of the Republic of Tatarstan, on the western side, to the village of Privolzhsky and occupies the edge of the indigenous Volga terrace, about 30 m high. the village of Bolgari is located with preserved houses and in the traditional way life, where 98 residents currently live. On the basis of the Bolgar settlement in 1969, the Bulgarian State Historical and Architectural Museum - a reserve financed from the republican budget was created. The Concept for the Development of the Museum-Reserve for 2009-2019 was prepared and approved, Complex project"Cultural heritage of Tatarstan: ancient city Bolgar and the island - the city of Sviyazhsk" for 2010 - 2015. To organize work on the preservation and restoration of monuments in 2010, the Republican Fund for the Revival of Historical and Cultural Monuments and an expert Council were created, which included recognized international, Russian and Tatarstan scientists and specialists.
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In the VIII - IX centuries. Bulgarian tribes left the Azov region and migrated to the region of the Middle Volga region. At the end of the 9th - beginning of the 10th centuries, the Bulgarians, having entered into interaction with the Finno-Ugric tribes, founded the state of Volga Bulgaria. In the X-XI centuries, the city of Bolgar was the capital of Volga Bulgaria, one of the largest early medieval states in Eastern Europe, and later, in the XIII century. the city became the first capital of the Golden Horde (Ulus Jochi) and one of the largest economic centers of this state in the 13th - early 15th centuries.
Over time, the city of Bolgar was built up and flourished, the Khan's Palace and the Cathedral Mosque towered in the center. Scientists and poets worked here. History has preserved the names of such prominent people as the poet Kul Gali, the historian Yakub ibn Nugman, the philosopher Hamid al-Bulgari. The wide spread of literacy among the population is shown by inscriptions on fragments of ceramics, on jewelry and on stone.
But the peaceful development of the Bulgarian people, which reached its peak at the turn of the XII - XIII centuries, was interrupted Mongol invasion. “Taking the glorious Great City of Bulgaria, beating with weapons from an old man to an unborn, and to a living baby, and taking a lot of goods, and burning their city with fire and capturing the whole land,”- says in the Russian chronicle about the events of 1236.
Unlike other Bulgarian cities that lost their importance, the city of Bolgar quickly recovered from the destruction and in the second half of the XIII - the first half of the XIV centuries. reached its second heyday. Russian chronicles call him the Great Bolgar, and eastern sources call him the "Golden Throne". In the 60s of the XIV century, the city was surrounded by an earthen rampart and powerful oak walls. It turned into one of the largest cities in Europe, where more than 50 thousand people lived.
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Modern Bolgar is a vast settlement surrounded by a rampart and a moat more than five kilometers long, where architectural monuments XIII - XIV centuries, such as the Cathedral Mosque, the Eastern and Northern mausoleums, the Khan's tomb, the Small Minaret, the Black Chamber, the White Chamber, the Khan's bath and numerous archaeological sites.
The Bulgarian historical and archaeological complex is a unique evidence of the existence in the 10th-15th centuries of powerful early medieval states - Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde and civilization, which disappeared with them in the 16th century, but for many years to come, up to our time, determined the features faith, culture, customs and traditions of the peoples in this geo-cultural region, ancient civilization, which laid the foundation for the modern Tatar ethnic group, the second largest nation in Russia and other peoples of the Volga-Urals. At present, the Bulgarian historical and archaeological complex is the only real trace of the existence of Volga Bulgaria and the Golden Horde during its heyday.
The spatial organization of the Complex is an excellent example of advanced urbanism in Eurasia, which is one of the main signs of civilization. Another important sign of civilization is the presence of coinage, their circulation and the development of monetary and weight systems. In the X century. and 1240 - 1330. Bolgars minted silver and copper coins. Development of handicrafts, international, interregional and domestic trade, interaction of cultures various peoples, a symbiosis of cultures settled and nomadic peoples are well traced by archaeological finds of the 10th-15th centuries.
Bulgarian Complex – outstanding example Muslim medieval architecture and archeology and is the best preserved in Eastern Europe monument. This is the northernmost monument of Muslim architecture in the world, a unique and practically the only example of the Bulgarian-Tatar architecture of the XIII-XIV centuries. in Eurasia, demonstrating a high level and original character.
Photo 5. 
This is a sacred place for all Muslims, the place of the official adoption of Islam by the Volga Bulgarians in 922. For Muslims, this place has a special spiritual aura, which is intangible heritage the highest level. This is a place of traditional religious worship and pilgrimage of Muslims to their shrines since the 16th century.
In 1998 Bolgar was introduced Russian Federation simultaneously with the Kazan Kremlin and Sviyazhsk in the Tentative List of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage as Bulgarian historical and architectural complex and recommended by ICOMOS, under criterion III. In December 2001, at the 25th session of the World Heritage Committee in Helsinki (Finland), it was decided that the applicant country should submit a revised nomination dossier, which would describe in more detail the history of the movement of peoples and the organization of a seminar on the authenticity and reconstruction of the Great Minaret. Revised nomination as Bulgarian historical and archaeological complex was presented by the Russian Federation to the UNESCO World Heritage Center by February 1, 2012. In October 2012, an ICOMOS expert, Professor Zsolt Vichy, visited Tatarstan to assess whether Bolgar met the UNESCO criteria.
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As part of the annual session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, which ended on June 25, 2014 in Doha, a number of significant objects were added to the list of world attractions. The committee members considered candidates in 38 nominations in 40 countries of the world. So this year, the Bulgarian historical and archaeological complex, located on the territory of Russia, was noted, national park Maresha - Beit Guvrin in the Judean Valley in Israel, etc.
Photo 18. 
Archaeologists working in Tatarstan received information from the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences about the discovery of a treasure with silver items of the second half of XIII century. In the Bolgar settlement, on the territory of the historical and architectural Bulgarian reserve, where Bulgar, the capital of the Volga Bulgaria, was located in X-XIV, an expedition of the Institute of Archeology of the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan is now working together.
The treasure, found in the 1236 layer, was placed in a wooden box, from which the birch bark bottom was preserved, and wrapped in cloth. Most of the treasure is made up of silver ingots. round shape, which served in the Volga Bulgaria as the equivalent of money. These bars weigh more than 5 kilograms. Also found were two braided bracelets made of silver wire and an iron armor-piercing arrowhead,
Photo 8. 
Who is interested in this topic in more detail, let me tell you about this battle:
Crossed swords marked the place of the last battle of the Bulgarian soldiers. Now - Zolotarevskoe settlement.
In 1236, huge hordes of nomads flooded into our Motherland - Volga Bulgaria. The invaders were led by the old commander of Genghis Khan-Temuchin - Subedei. Then he was already a commander and guardian of Temuchin's grandson - Batu, the son of Jochi. A huge armada, estimated by some researchers to reach 300,000 warriors, devastated the rich and peaceful country of the Huns on the Volga. Since those sad events in 2013 will be 777 years.
777 years - three sad Chuvash sevens. Chuvash is the last fragment of the Xiongnu-Bulgarian languages. Modern Chuvashia begins from those years. The remains of the Volga - Bolgar, Suvar, Askil (Esgil), Barsil, Baranjar - the five main kingdoms that made up Volga Bulgaria, were forced to seek salvation on the other side of the Kama and the Volga. Part of the Bolgars left for Kama, finding salvation in the forests of the Ars (Udmurt and Komi). Modern Arsk is the stronghold of this part of the Bolgars, mainly of the Islamic persuasion.
Some of these Trans-Kama Bulgarians, by inertia-salvation, moved further along the Vyatka and Kama. They eventually mixed with the Udmurts, giving rise to a special Udmurt subgroup of the Besermens. So in Rus' they called the Volga Bulgarians.
The other part, mostly not very Islamized Suvars, escaped by crossing the Volga. Here, the forest areas were inhabited by the Cheremis (Mari) called the Mountain Cheremis, because of the more elevated relief. right side Volga than the left. The Suvar Bulgarians, who fled beyond the Volga in the Cheremis forests, partly pushed out the local population, partly assimilated. According to the medieval map of the Venetian cartographer Fra Mauro, a city named Veda Suar is displayed on the site of the modern city of Cheboksary. In the Chuvash transcription, it can be read as Vede Suvar - Small Suvar, from "Vede" - small, tiny. The forerunner Cheboksary (Shubashkar) became the stronghold of this surviving part of the Volga Bolgars.
Many Bulgarians fled even further, to the borders of the Russian principalities, seeking salvation there. But, as you know, not for long. Apparently, this operation to evacuate the civilian population was facilitated by the cunning and selfless maneuver of the Bulgarian soldiers, who lured the main forces of the invaders into the forests of the Sura to a fortified point, now known as the Zolotarevskoe settlement. The last Bulgarian heroes died here.
Subsequently, the Bulgarians of Zakamye were strongly influenced by the state language of the Golden Horde - Tatar.
This influence was especially significant after the adoption of Islam by the Golden Horde and the creation of the Kazan Khanate, and the resettlement of the bulk of the Tatars to the territory of Volga Bulgaria. In fact, the Bulgarians spoke a language that differed little from Turkic languages, completely merged with the steppe population.
Beyond the Volga, over the centuries, much has also changed. Here, the Bulgarians departed from Islam, using forest Cheremis skills in everyday life and preferring practical paganism. Completely moved away from the hostile Turkic-Altaic world. According to the memoirs of Kurbsky, the Chuvashs settlements set at the "great cities", i.e. they fenced them with a high palisade, being in constant danger of invasion. Loud conversations were forbidden, which is why the language acquired a soft character, replete with hissing sounds. The ethnonym "Suvar" - "Suvash" was subsequently transformed into "Chuvash". In the sources, the name Chuvash is found only from the beginning of the 16th century.
The cities of Bolgar and Bilyar suffered less from the invasion than Suvar. They have continued to exist and still exist today. Fiercely resisting Suvar was burned to the ground and wiped off the face of the earth. Not so long ago, less than a century ago, his remains were found strewn with ashes. The Chuvash-Suvars left these places. But, for the time being.
Photo 9. 
Shura Shurumbus "Exodus"
almost 777 years have passed since those tragic days. A lot has changed. But ONE thing hasn't changed - the most important thing! There is a nation - Chuvash. While EXISTS!!!
I am writing this article in Russian and I do it on purpose - for everyone. Maybe someone will think about returning to the bosom of their ancient, OH WHAT ANCIENT, people.
Stories about My people, I hope to tell more in the near future.
In the year 1237, which was dramatic for the Russian people, Our (Chuvash) people were already on their territory. new motherland. 2014 is not only the year of various Olympiads, it is year of THREE CHUVASH SEVENS!!! Let's make this year become the year of the beginning of the heyday of the nation - Chuvash!
You are arguing here who we are Bulgarians, Huns, Huns and even Sumerians. Silly! Throw these disputes, all our ancestors are in us! They're not going anywhere. Ancestors must be in the shower!
The next 2013 is the year of memory of the dead Chuvashs. 2014 is the year of the new Chuvashia, the year 777 is the year of hopes for the best.
A lot has been said about Temuchin-Genghis Khan, but everything said in excellent colors and colors. Yes, he was an extraordinary person. But Temujin's plans did not include the component of conquering the world at all. Too smart, cunning and prudent it was a character. You may have seen the Chinese image of Genghis Khan. In this portrait, his essence is perfectly conveyed. In the portrait we see a rather stout person, with delicate features, calm and thoughtful - far from being a rude warrior or hero, in the usual idea of \u200b\u200bheroes.
In those days, the Mongols proper occupied a secondary place among the numerous Turkic tribes inhabiting the space Central Asia, the territory of modern Mongolia. This is the mighty Eastern Turkic Khaganate, scattered into many clans and tribes.
The smart, cunning politician Temujin managed to become an indisputable authority, first of all, among the strong Turkic tribes. The Bulgarians called the Turks common word"Tatar", from Chuvash word“tata”, which has the meaning of both a unifying union and the designation of the enumeration “other”, “next”, plus the ending “ar”, characteristic of the Hunno-Bulgarian tribes, denoting the masculine gender, ancestry. Examples of Hunno-Bulgarian ethnonyms: Bolgars, Suvars, Khazars, Avars, Madyars, Kungars. From the Bulgarians general designation all the Turkic-Mongolian tribes passed to the Russians, which explains why the Russians, unlike all other peoples of Europe and Asia, call the conquerors Tatars, and not Mongols.
But, back to Genghis Khan-Temujin. This cunning politician sought to cleanse the modern territories of the Chinese and Mongolian Mongols from the dangerous and powerful Turkic element. Therefore, in the so-called aggressive campaigns, mainly the Turks went. What languages are spoken now by the territories conquered by the "Mongols"? Almost exclusively in Turkic. Genghis Khan managed to almost completely free the territories for his beloved Mongols. From the Turks there were leftovers, sweet, driven into the mountains of Altai. But this is correct! The Turks did not give the entire Sacred Altai to the Mongols. The last armada was formed after the death of Genghis Khan for his granddaughter Batu and thrown to Europe. Batu became a mentor famous commander Genghis Khan - Subedei. extraordinary personality, bad rock for Chuvash. A fiend of evil in the Chuvash legends.
The villain Subedei, before the fateful year 1236, already tried three times to conquer the Bolgars and Suvars (Huns, Savir) on the Volga (Atil), but constantly failed. The first time was in 1223 after the victory over the Russian-Polovtsian army on the Kalka River. Considering Rus' defeated, Subedei turned his victorious army to the Volga. Before Kalka, the troops of Subedei passed victoriously through Persia, conquered the Caucasus, and, as it was said, Kumanov (Polovtsev). But on the Volga they had a completely different reception. The troops of Subedei were surrounded and, as it is reported in the Russian chronicle, "their sword was drunk from all sides." Bastards Subedey fate-villain gave a chance to escape. He fled with a small detachment.
The second time in 1229 there was another attempt, but more than to ruin southern regions The Mongols did not achieve Volga Bulgaria. Then there was another unsuccessful attempt in 1232
In 1236, Subedei received a huge horde and a complete carte blanche. The villain was convinced that he "dug a hole" for the Chuvash giant Ulyp.
If we take into account that average population large cities in Bulgaria numbered about 10 thousand, then the entire population of the kingdom hardly exceeded 200-300 thousand people, which means 40-60 thousand men. Go and hold the huge hordes of several hundred thousand (from 100 thousand to 300 thousand).
Subedei and his "commander" burned one flourishing city after another. The Mongols usually did not destroy cities that offered no resistance to them. According to the thick layer of ash found on the site where the city of Suvar was supposed to be, it is clear that the cities of the Bulgarian kingdom resisted to the last.
There is a place near the Sura River, not far from the modern city of Penza, where many ancient weapons. The weapon here is just from the time of the Mongol-Tatar invasion. Both of Tatar-Mongolian origin, and Volga-Bulgarian. The remains of a fortified settlement were found near the Sura River, which was named after the nearby village of Zolotarevsky.
Here, on the land of the ancient Burtases, the Bulgarian warriors gave their last battle. Given that the battle was given at a great distance from the borders of Volga Bulgaria, this could have been a special, cunning diversion operation, which the Volga Bulgarians were especially capable of. Apparently, she covered the evacuation of the civilian population, which was mentioned above.
The Bulgarian soldiers brought the enemy here in order, together with the Burtases, to try to delay his advance and give the remnants of their people a chance to escape. In an unequal battle with the huge hordes of the enemy, the heroes died to the last man, stopping the movement of the Tatars of Subedei for a long time.
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Chuvash book publishing house
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the same age as the republic - formed shortly after the proclamation of the Chuvash Autonomous Region on November 12, 1920 as a branch of the State Publishing House of the RSFSR (Chuvashgiz). Already in the first years of its activity, the young enterprise outlined the implementation of such a large-scale project as the publication of the 17-volume Dictionary of the Chuvash Language by N.I. Ashmarin, works of Russian and world classics translated into Chuvash. Measures were taken to increase the output of textbooks and socio-political literature.
Today, the Chuvash book publishing house is a diversified enterprise that produces art, children's, educational and pedagogical, reference, popular science, local history and other literature in Chuvash, Russian, English and other languages. The publisher also provides educational literature educational institutions Chuvashia and the Chuvash diaspora, it collects book stocks of libraries, sells publishing products at retail (it has a chain of stores "Book novelties" in its structure).
In terms of the range of publications and the dynamics of production, the Chuvash book publishing house has worthy indicators in Russia. In the ranking of regional publishers by the number of awards received in major book competitions, Chuvash publishers occupy a leading position. About forty books were awarded diplomas of various prestigious competitions - "The Art of the Book", " Best Book of the year", " Small Motherland”, “Our cultural heritage”, National competition"Book of the Year", etc.
Since 1996, the Chuvash book publishing house has been a member of the Association of Russian Book Publishers (ASKI).
On the other side further development various forms activity largely determines the creation of systems of mass participation. Everyday practice shows that the current structure of the organization plays important role in the formation of appropriate activation conditions. On the other hand, the beginning of daily work on the formation of a position plays an important role in the formation of forms of development. The task of the organization, in particular the consultation with a broad asset, contributes to the preparation and implementation of directions for progressive development. Thus, the scope and place of personnel training require the definition and refinement of the forms of development. Similarly, the strengthening and development of the structure is an interesting test experiment further directions development.
The task of the organization, in particular the strengthening and development of the structure, entails the process of introducing and modernizing essential financial and administrative conditions. Ideological considerations of a higher order, as well as the implementation of the planned plan targets, make it possible to assess the significance of the directions of progressive development.
More HideThis guide contains information about historical monuments under state protection. Nikolai Muratov's catalog " Objects of cultural heritage of the Chuvash Republic» presented in National Library.
The manual was published by the Chuvash book publishing house. The first volume, published in 2011, told about the history of the formation and development of Cheboksary, Alatyr, Yadrin, the new, second book presents the historical and cultural heritage of Mariinsky Posad and Tsivilsk. But even two volumes of the entire cultural heritage of Chuvashia do not cover.
Nikolai Muratov: “Not all the monuments that are reflected in this book exhaust the entire cultural heritage of Chuvashia, there are much more of them. At present, about a hundred objects of significant historical and cultural value have been identified, but have not yet been declared monuments, have not been taken under state protection. But soon this issue will be resolved, and whole line monuments will have to be popularized.”
Such catalogs are now compiled in recognized cultural centers- Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Yekaterinburg. The benefits of such publications are recognized, first of all, by the scientific community, which understands that without such books it is almost impossible to assess the significance of the work created by the people and determine its place in the global cultural space.
Mikhail Kondratiev, Head of the Art History Department of the Institute humanities: “These books are a sign that the Russian periphery, province, hinterland, as it is often said, is waking up, as it were. We ourselves try to understand, classify, initiate.”
Chuvashia has more than 1,500 architectural and 682 cultural heritage sites. Buildings for various purposes, buildings associated with life famous people, monuments to those who left their mark on history - you can learn about all this from the book of Nikolai Muratov. As a result of intense research work, a publication was obtained that, in terms of the amount of information, can only be equated with an encyclopedia. But there is something that the scientist still only dreams of telling the reader.
Nikolai Muratov: “There is such an idea - to create a section or volume dedicated to the lost monuments of history and culture. We are thinking about this topic, preparing photographs, and we will deal with it.”
Latest news of the Chuvash Republic on the topic:
The catalog "Objects of cultural heritage of Chuvashia" was released
The catalog "Objects of cultural heritage of Chuvashia" was released- Cheboksary
This reference manual contains information about historical monuments under state protection.
20:06 01.04.2013
GTRK Chuvashia
15:47 Presentation of the catalog (second book) by Nikolai Muratov "Objects of cultural heritage of the Chuvash Republic"- Cheboksary
Original image March 28 this year. The National Library of the Chuvash Republic hosted a presentation of the catalog (second book) by Nikolai Muratov "Objects of Cultural Heritage of the Chuvash Republic".
17:14 29.03.2013
Administration of the President of the Chechen Republic
Petr Krasnov congratulated the author of the catalog "Objects of cultural heritage of the Chuvash Republic" on the premiere of the book- Cheboksary
On March 28, the presentation of the catalog (second book) by Nikolai Ivanovich Muratov "Objects of cultural heritage of the Chuvash Republic", published in 2012 by the Chuvash book publishing house, took place at the National Library of Chuvashia.
14:59 29.03.2013
State Council