Poster - what is it? Meaning and types of posters. Poster art, its main functions What is a poster and how to make it

A poster is a type of print advertising or a bright advertising publication that has a large format. Have you set a goal to attract attention to your advertising? Then different types of posters will help you. Let's say you can choose a promotional poster or a poster calendar.

Poster design and concept

Based on the purpose of creation, posters can be classified into:

• Image;
• Advertising;
• Campaign;
• Informational;
• Revolutionary.

It is customary to single out several format standards that are most common for posters:

• A3 (budget, relatively low-efficiency);
• A2 (optimal in most cases for large and medium print runs);
• A1 (large);
• A0 and more (ultra-wide image posters).

When developing the composition of posters, they proceed from the rule of generalization of forms. It should contain the most significant elements - a graphic spot and an advertising message. As for the color, it should be as simple as possible, and all attention is focused on the advertised product. Buy what to expect and more...

Each poster is designed to solve a common problem - to arouse the interest of passers-by and inform the public about something.

The poster must be designed in such a way that it can be seen from afar. It must be borne in mind that the blue cold color that causes a state of relaxation should not be present in the poster. It is important that the consumer is focused on the product. It should make him want to make a purchase.

Types of posters

1. Playbill. A characteristic feature of any theater popular all over the world is the presence of its own corporate identity. But not every theater has it at home. Besides, in general, for the theater it does not matter much. Everything is decided by his actors and their performance. They don't have much money at their disposal that can't be used to buy scenery and costumes. This also applies to posters. In this regard, often the theater workers themselves are engaged in their creation. But gradually everything is changing. Increasingly, there are cases when it is not the municipality that allocates funds for the organization of theatrical performances, but private individuals. After all, staging takes a lot of time and effort. So it will be a big disappointment if the information about the performance does not reach the audience due to poor media support and cheap visual advertising.
2. Political propaganda poster. Although various types of posters have become widespread today in many areas, nevertheless, before the First World War, they were assigned the role of exclusively commercial advertising. But against the backdrop of high-profile political events that took place in our country and abroad, and in addition to this and the war, a new direction in posters became relevant. This is political advertising.
3. Movie poster. These days, almost every film is made with advertising costs, including the creation of a series of posters. The series is usually represented by a group of posters that share a common visual style. The created movie posters are designed to tell about the main mood of the film, what emotional state it brings with it.
4. Music posters. The content of music posters is based on tables (individual and group portraits of musicians), which are certainly complemented by the logo of a musical group or a new album. It is not uncommon for posters to express symbolism, graphics and photographs of an album that is about to be released or is under development. It's not often that a particular song is used as the main theme of posters.
5. Sports poster. Such posters can often be seen on the eve of the next world or European championship, the NHL championship or the Stanley Cup. The main hopes are associated with sports fans who are not stingy with buying a portrait of their idol. Almost the same compositional techniques are used here as in the case of modern posters. If we talk about marketing moves, then there is a complete analogy, although it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of the psychology of the fans.
6. Social poster. Posters that have a sharp, decisive composition that immediately hits the eyes and mind can achieve the best results. Although it is impossible to have a serious impact on the world with the help of social posters, they can once again remind us that the time for change has long come.
7. Exhibition posters. Those who have a retail store where they offer chewing gum to customers, once again purchasing a wholesale batch of this product, can find in the same box a poster that describes the advantages of this gum, a couple of stickers dedicated to a similar topic, a small stand on which it is convenient store the goods. In the case of buying a container of this product, the seller can expect a whole bunch of posters of various sizes, which can be supplemented with a table and chair decorated with a label. Those who buy this product in especially large quantities can also count on receiving pavilions made of canvas, which will be accompanied by mandatory signs and billboards for posters.

The Moscow Regional State Children's Library and the American Center in Moscow continue to acquaint readers with history, culture, and literature

United States of America.

Attention! Residents of Moscow and the Moscow region can take part in the competition. Unfortunately, our capabilities do not allow us to expand the geography and invite residents of other regions to participate.

Conditions of the competition:

Age of participants: 6 – 14 years old

Dear Guys! We offer you the following task. Draw a poster (poster) based on a book by an American author.

Job requirements:

The plot of the poster: a book (or books) of any American writers, American writers, characters in books by American authors - useful quotes, any interesting information for readers. The plot of the poster can include illustrations, drawings, photographs, collages, etc.

· The size of the finished poster is 297 x 420 mm (A3 format).

Work must be done on paper. It is allowed to use different techniques and material of execution: pencil, felt-tip pen, gouache, watercolor, collage, photography, etc.

· Before you start drawing, you must understand what a poster is and how it differs from a simple drawing, make its layout.

The text of the poster must be in English.

· Each work can have only one author. Only own author's works are submitted for the competition.

Works in this category not accepted electronically..

Criteria for evaluation:

Disclosure of the topic;

Originality of the graphic solution;

Knowledge of English;

Sense of humor.

Entries will only be accepted together with a completed application form.

Dear parents!

Your child has decided to participate in a poster contest. This means he needs help.

First, you need to choose a book that you like and that you want to recommend to others. Then you need to help the young designer decide on the technique of doing the work.

Explain to your child what a poster is and how it differs from a simple drawing.

Discuss the book you read with your child and decide what text to put on the poster. These can be either quotes from a book, or your own thoughts (or maybe both), or a statement by a famous person, etc. The main thing is that the child must understand why he chose these words, what he wants to express with them.

Help your child write the text in English. No need to write for him, just help find the right words of a foreign language.

Think about the layout of the poster: how to position the images and text. You can create several different options, and then choose the best one at the family council. Try to listen to the children's opinion and do not try to do all the work yourself. "Adult hand" is always visible in the work of the guys.

We are sure that our little artists will cope with the task and we hope that the work will give them pleasure!

Poster(German Poster from fr. poster- announcement, poster, dated plaquer- stick, stick) - a catchy, usually large-format, image, accompanied by a short text, made for propaganda, advertising, informational or educational purposes. In modern design, a poster is perceived as “a message reduced to a clear visual formula, intended for a contemporary to draw conclusions and concrete actions.”

The features of the genre include the following: the poster should be visible at a distance, be understandable and well perceived by the viewer. The poster often uses an artistic metaphor, figures of different scales, images of events taking place at different times and in different places, contour designation of objects. For text, the font, location, color are important. The posters also use photography in combination with drawings and paintings.

II. Nomination "My adventures in the war of the North and South". We are writing a story.

Age of participants: 12 - 17 years old

Dear Guys! We invite you to write a short story about the American Civil War in 1861-1865, or as it is also called the "War of the North and the South." What do you know about her? What feelings does it evoke in you? You may have read books about it, you may have watched movies, or you may have been told about these events by your teacher in history class. During the war there were about two thousand battles. More US citizens died in this war than in any other war in which the United States of America participated.

Imagine that you have been transported in time and become a participant in these events. Choose an episode that is interesting to you and write a short text on your own behalf or the name of a hero you have made up. Don't forget to write in your story which side you could be on and why.

• Every job must have only one author.
• The volume of work is 1-3 printed pages.
• Drawings are welcome.
• The work must be done only in English .
• Works in this nomination are accepted in printed or electronic form.

The following requirements apply to papers submitted electronically:

– the file should not be larger than 3 Mb;

– files, if there are several of them, must be correctly numbered, have names in Latin after the last name of the author of the work, for example: Petrov01.doc, Petrov02.doc, Ivanova01.jpg, Ivanova02.jpg.

- Attention! PowerPoint presentations are not accepted!

· Don't forget to fill out the application form.

III. Nomination "Creating a video about a book read" .

Age of participants: 14 - 17 years old.

Dear Guys! Of course you love to watch video clips. You are given the opportunity to make a promotional video about the book of an American writer. Try to create a video so that your friends and acquaintances, as well as any person who has seen the video, understand what this book is about and want to read it.

There are no limits to your imagination and creativity. For the competition we accept video art works in any genre, performed in any form: cartoon, video film, music video, commercial, computer graphics, flash animation, etc. You can use any book, but necessarily an American writer (even if you read this book in Russian).

Submission Requirements:

• The video must be based on the book. American writer.
• The work must be done only in English.
• The duration of the video is no more than 2 minutes.
• In this nomination, both individual and group works can be submitted. The composition of the group is no more than 4 people. When submitting an application for the competition, be sure to indicate the composition of the group (full name, age of each participant) and contact information for the entire group.
• The work is submitted to the jury on electronic media, by e-mail (if the file size does not exceed 7-8 MB) or sent via file storage (Rapid Share, depositfiles, etc.)
• Works can be performed in any of the specified formats. .wmv, .mpg, .avi, .mpeg, .flv, .swf, .mov, .mkv, .divx, .ts.
• Original, non-borrowed materials must be submitted to the competition. If you decide to use musical accompaniment, then a prerequisite for accepting a work for the competition is copyright compliance (for more information on using music for videos, you can find here http://snimifilm.com/post/gde-vzyat-muzyku-dlya- film). Works that violate copyright will not be admitted to the competition.

Master Class

12.12.14.

Teacher of the Russian language and literature Mukhametshina L.K.

The poster as an art form and a means of propaganda

Target:

tell the story of the development of the poster as an art form;

dwell on the posters of the period of the Great Patriotic War;

to introduce the features of the poster as a means of propaganda;

develop the ability to write slogans, contribute to the enrichment of the vocabulary of students;

to bring up responsibility for the written text.

Planned result:

Item Skills: have an idea about the poster, the requirements for the language of the poster;

Universal Regulatory Learning Activities: formation of the ability to perform tasks in accordance with the goal, answer specific questions.

Universal cognitive learning activities: formation of ideas about the types of posters, speech errors; formation of cognitive interest in the Russian language through various informative sources;

Universal communicative learning activities: developing communication skills by working in small groups.

Preparatory work:

Preparing presentations

Preparing task cards.

Preparing statements.

Design, equipment, inventory:

School office, chairs along the walls, tables for two teams; places for guests.

Laptop, projector, screen.

During the classes

1. Psycho-gymnastics: "My name is ..." and "I love myself because ..."

Pupils of grades 9-10 from different schools are seated in the office, divided into two teams.

Good afternoon We are starting with you an unusual lesson "Poster as an art form and a means of propaganda." Why unusual? Because there is nothing similar in the school curriculum. And I hope that only interested people have gathered in this office.

Let's warm up a little and do this exercise: Everyone will need to alternately say two phrases: "My name is ..." and "I love myself because ..." in a circle.

That's where we met.

2. The word of the teacher.

The poster plays a significant role in our life. He had and is having a certain influence on the minds and hearts of people. It is thanks to this that the poster, as a kind of graphics, stood out among other types of art.

1). History of social poster development(Presentation 1).

1. The word "poster" of German origin, in translation means an announcement, poster.

2. A poster is a relatively large-sized image with text, in which an artistic image arises from the interaction of a word and an image.

3. Poster - one of the youngest types of art, a kind of graphics - finally took shape at the end of the 19th century. The beginning of the poster can be seen in the engravings of the Reformation and peasant wars in Germany in the 16th century or in political posters in France in the 18th century.

4. Popular prints from the time of 1812 can be considered the first posters in Russia. They have already made an attempt to combine the image with the text.

5. At the end of the 19th century, the poster was officially recognized as a fact, if not of "high art", then of culture. Russia was the initiator. In 1897, under the auspices of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, the International Exhibition of Posters was opened in St. Petersburg. It was the first public review of the new genre. The exhibition brought together 700 works from 13 countries.

At the end of the 19th century, the poster was mainly of an advertising and industrial nature and was associated with the competition of capitalist enterprises. Since then, the poster has become the most democratic form of art.

6. The poster's new quantum leap coincides with the First World War. A propaganda poster has received enormous distribution.

In Russia, a large series of posters are being published that call for raising money to help hospitals and victims of wars.

7. The true birth of the socio-political poster begins during the periods of the October Revolution and the Civil War, and then the restoration of the national economy.

In 1917, avant-garde artists led by Mayakovsky created the famous ROSTA Windows (Russian Telegraph Agency). They propagate through posters a new proletarian art in a country where the vast majority of the people are illiterate.

A ROSTA poster is, as a rule, a multi-frame composition. Recognizable characters act in these pictures: a bourgeois, a worker, a peasant, a pop, a pan, and so on, under each picture there is a laconic rhyming caption. Posters ROSTA is a newspaper for the illiterate.

8. During the Civil War, the most expressive and simple in form were the wonderful posters of the outstanding Soviet artist Dmitry Mor. Everyone knows his poster "Have you signed up as a volunteer?".

9. But the poster “Help!” Dedicated to the starving peasantry of the Volga region during the drought of 1922 has a special, amazing power. On a black background is a white figure of an emaciated old peasant with his hands raised in a cry. The image of a peasant looks on it not as an image of a specific person, but as the personification of a call for help.

10. In the future, the poster played a significant role in mobilizing the Soviet people for socialist construction, in the fight against external enemies of the Soviet state. Alexander Deineka acted as a major master in the 20s and 30s. Here is his poster "Work, build and don't whine."

11. Posters and other types of propaganda products were made in those years not only in Moscow and St. Petersburg, but also in many cities of the Russian provinces.

12. In the second half of the 20th century, the poster in the USSR penetrated into various corners of life: into the urban environment, into the territory of factories and factories, into collective farms, clubs, schools and hospitals, affecting all aspects of the life of a Soviet person.

13. The Soviet poster plays an important role in anti-alcohol propaganda.

14. At present, the former genre breadth of the poster on the street has narrowed to commercial advertising. Every conceivable and unthinkable place in the cities is crammed with billboards. But the art poster on them is not enough.

Teacher: In 2015, our country is celebrating the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War, so we could not ignore the posters of this time.

2). Poster during the Great Patriotic War(Presentation 2).

A great contribution to the cause of mobilizing the people to fight the enemy was made by posters by Soviet artists during the Great Patriotic War. Its value is difficult to overestimate. Posters helped people overcome deprivation and hunger, physical and mental anguish, defend their homeland, go to victory.

1. By analogy with ROSTA Windows, TASS Windows are produced by artists, in which most of the outstanding poster artists, painters and graphic artists of all generations take part.

2. Posters by M. Cheremnykh, V. Denis, I. Toidze, V. Ivanov, N. Vatolina, D. Shmarinov, N. Golovanov, V. Koretsky, Kukryniksy and many other remarkable artists have become truly popular, and by the strength of their influence can only be compared with wartime songs. Already on the second day of the war, the Kukryniksy poster “We will mercilessly defeat and destroy the enemy” was released.

3. Posters by I. Toidze “The Motherland Calls”, A. Kokorekin “Death to the Fascist Reptile”, “For the Motherland” accompanied the soldiers of the Soviet Army into battle, and also inspired home front workers .

4. One of the most striking and effective during the war years was the poster of V. Koretsky “Soldier of the Red Army, save!”. A simple photograph of a young Russian mother holding a crying baby in her arms has acquired tremendous power when combined with the image of a Nazi soldier's bayonet aimed at a child.

5. One of the most common plots was the image of a woman who replaced a man who had gone to the front at the machine, driving a tractor, driving a combine.

The best posters of this topic: “More bread for the front and rear. Harvest completely! N. Vatolina and N. Denisova, “Girls sit on the tractor boldly!” T. Eremina, “The stronger the rear, the stronger the front!” O. Eiges.

Many posters touched on the topic of labor discipline: “To eliminate absenteeism completely!” S. Igumanova, “Marriage is the Enemy” B. Clinch, “Drivers! Uninterruptedly deliver cargo to the front! Y. Beketova, “Collect Scrap!”, “How did you help the front?” and others.

6. One of the most famous rear-themed posters is "Don't talk!" belongs to the Moscow artist N. Vatolina. The artist's neighbor, the mother of a front-line soldier, posed for the poster. The text for the poster was written by S. Ya. Marshak.

Teacher: Now we are going to have a little competition. You sat down at the tables, intuitively choosing your teammates. So we have two teams. Your task is to creatively approach the tasks, learn to understand the posters and win.

Be very careful while listening. All information will be useful to you later.

Let me introduce you to the jury:

3). Principles of creating a poster(Presentation 3).

The poster at the present stage is becoming the most democratic form of art, and it has to solve several specific problems. tasks.

What are the objectives of the poster creator?

A) get the viewer's attention. The perception of another kind of art requires some preparation. A person goes to an exhibition or opens a book voluntarily, with a certain attitude, he agrees to receive new information, he wants it. The poster, on the other hand, lies in wait for the viewer unexpectedly and makes them pay attention to themselves. A potential viewer is busy with his thoughts, he is in a hurry, he has no time, so he can only notice a catchy sheet that stands out against the surrounding informational background. For this, all means are good. Large size, bright color, sharp text, unexpected spot and rhythm - everything goes into business!

B) convey to the viewer the meaning of the poster. The poster is given seconds of attention, and in these moments it must convey the necessary information. It is precisely because of the lack of time for perception that short text, clear symbols and signs are often used in the poster.

Any graphic technique, photography, painting, etc. can be used in the poster.

What are the conditions for the effective impact of posters on people?

1. The poster should not have many details. The poster consists of a large image and a caption.

2. The color scheme is saturated, contrasting.

3. Large print, short and clear call text.

4. The image of the poster must match the text.

What are posters?

social posters - these are posters that touch on certain problems of society in order to draw attention to one or another negative feature of society (alcoholism, drug addiction, homeless children, homeless animals, and so on).

There are also political posters, which often appear during the election campaign.

A few tips for speaking

WITH stick to the simple, short but informative enough sentences

Do not use complex sentences with subordinate conditions, reasons, otherwise you may raise doubts.

Do not use the introductory words "we are convinced", "we believe". Better not say anything.

Do not exaggerate. Emotional-evaluative vocabulary ("magnificent", "delightful", "fantastic") is often annoying, not attractive.

Be specific when creating your promotional poster. Do not use “blurry” data: an incredibly low price, you will see and be surprised. It's better to give exact numbers.

Use verbs only in present tense indicative mood. The words "will", "may", "could" not convincing. The product does this and that.

Recently, the inscriptions on the posters are called slogans.

vocabulary work

Tagline is a concise, easy-to-remember phrase that expresses the essence of the poster.

Examples of slogans (taken from websites)

A) political slogans

Experience and knowledge, dedication and loyalty to the word!

Fatherland, democracy, justice, prosperity!

Let's revive the industry - let's revive Russia!

We just love our country.

Fasten the most expensive - fasten yourself!

Together we can help.

Help orphans and they will give you their smile.

Be careful drivers. Almost all of you are parents.

When there is purpose in life, drugs are not needed!

Who does not take risks does not drink champagne. Those who drink and drive risk losing everything.

And now the assignments. We give time for discussion.

Exercise 1.

What historical period does this poster appear in? By what signs did you guess this?

Task 2.

What is the purpose of the poster? Is it a propaganda tool or social advertising?

Task 3.

Imagine that you have to create a poster. The slogan is given to you, and your task is to imagine what will be shown on the poster.

So, listen to the slogan.

The world needs a new hero.

Task 4.

Before you is a poster consisting of photographs. The pictures were taken by eyewitnesses of the civil war in Ukraine. Your task is to come up with a slogan that would very accurately reflect the thought of artist photographers.

Summing up the results.

Identification of the winner

6. Conclusion

What have we learned today?

1. Work program in fine arts 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th grades

   Working programm

   ... Abstracts lessons, Teacher Publishing House, Volgograd 2009 B.M. Nemensky O.V. Sviridov " Fine art» Grade 5 Lesson Plans By ... 27 Poster and his kinds. Fonts. 1 Special view charts. Kinds design work. The role of text in poster. (...

2. Additional educational program on the study of the basics of visual literacy and arts and crafts of the creative association "Magic Palette"

   Educational program

   Programs special attention... Posters ... art. Kinds arts: architecture, DPI, painting, graphic arts, sculpture. Main genres pictorial arts... , 1986 Neretina L.V. Abstracts lessons By pictorial art, mythology and folklore. ...

3. Visual arts program for the 8th grade of a secondary school with elements of the history of world art. Teacher Karimova V. V

   Program

   ... By pictorial art with elements of history art ... form brief abstract. This requires a notebook. By art ... lessons ... (graphic arts). ... special place Pablo Picasso, R. Guttuso in art 20th century Practical work: sketches posters ...

4. Annotation to the program of B. M. Nemensky "Fine art and artistic work grades 5-8"

   Document

   About art and his types. Kinds pictorial art: painting, graphic arts, sculpture. Know - kinds pictorial art; ... with.: ill. Fine art. 5-7 classes. Basics training pictorial diplomas: abstracts lessons/ aut.-state...

5. Summary of the lesson "Arts"

   Lesson

   Abstract lesson « Kinds art" Target lesson: to get acquainted with the varieties species art. Tasks lesson: Introduce students to the basic types art; Show differences and main features...

In the modern world, a poster is something familiar that a person encounters several times a day and therefore has already learned not to react to it. However, just 100 years ago, this thing was a curiosity and made everyone who sees it freeze in admiration and believe everything that was written on it. How did the poster come about? What is this? What types of posters are there? Let's find out about it.

The meaning of the word "poster"

First of all, it is worth understanding the definition of the noun in question.

Sometimes they are called posters or posters.

Typically, such images are mounted on the walls and doors of buildings or in specially designated places. Some poster lovers paste them over their homes.

In a narrower sense, this word means a specific type of graphics.

Also, this noun was named one of the most famous propaganda publishing houses of the USSR, which existed from the mid-70s until 2006. Throughout this time, Plakat specialized not only in the production of products of the same name, but also in the printing of postcards, portraits, photographs, etc. . P.

Etymology of the term in question

Having learned the answer to the question: “What is this - a poster?”, It is worth considering the origin of this noun.

For the first time in Russian, this word was recorded in 1704. However, it began to be actively used only at the end of the 19th century.

It came to Russian from Latin, from French and German. During the decline of the Roman Empire, citizens often used the term placatum for announcements.

A few centuries later, in French, the verb plaquer (“stick something”) was formed from placatum. And he, in turn, contributed to the emergence of placard.

From the French, the term was borrowed by the Germans and slightly changed - das Plakat. It was in this form that this noun appeared in the Russian language and has survived to this day.

It is worth noting an interesting fact: in France today the term placard is used extremely rarely, instead of it the word affich is actual. And in English-speaking countries it is called a poster.

Poster Features

An image of this kind has a number of special features that distinguish it from another.

First of all, this is the purpose for which it is created: to attract the attention of others and inform them about something. In this regard, posters and inscriptions on them are usually made large and bright. In addition, they use a minimum of text so as not to tire observers with long readings and enable them to quickly understand the meaning.

As a rule, the inscription on the poster is some catchy slogan (often with an element of humor or a play on words) and the name of the product or service that the image was made to publicize.

The history of the poster

Informative and propaganda posters were first used by mankind in ancient Egypt. True, at that time the posters served to capture runaway slaves.

The Greeks and Romans were more practical and cultured. They used leaflets with drawings and text to inform about trade offers, as well as posters for the theater.

The first poster (in its modern sense) was drawn by order of the British book dealer Battold in 1482. The businessman tried to advertise a new edition of Euclidean Geometry with his help.

After that, posters appeared quite rarely for several centuries. However, in the middle of the XIX century. the French lithographer Jules Cheret decided to develop Batdold's idea. In 1866, he opened his own workshop in Paris, specializing in Cheret's venture, which was a huge success. In a couple of years, he created more than a thousand bright posters inviting to visit performances or exhibitions. Each of his posters was a real work of art, and they were all made by hand. By the way, it was Shere who laid down the basic principles of the art of poster design, which have not lost their relevance today.

By the end of the XIX century. posters have become an integral part of any important event. At the same time, more and more often they began to be used not as posters, but for advertising some goods or services.

The inhabitants of the Russian Empire in those years knew quite well what a poster was. This was due to the fact that in the last decades of the XIX century. creating advertising images became very popular in the empire. This is evidenced by the fact that during this period it was in Russia that the World Exhibition of Posters and Posters was held.

The use of political posters especially intensified after the outbreak of the First World War. Thousands of posters were printed and drawn in all European countries in order to urge young men to volunteer for the front, as well as to agitate citizens to financially help the state.

After the revolution of 1917, only one type of propaganda images was created on the territory of the former empire for several years - a political poster. Its significance was well understood by all heads of state, so often such products were produced with the last money, instead of giving them to starving citizens.