Pablo Diego Jose Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuseno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Martir Patricio Ruiz and Picasso (1881 -1973) - the great Spanish artist and the most provocative painter of the 20th century Pablo Picasso lived for 91 years. In almost all areas of contemporary art, he left his indelible mark.

BIOGRAPHY OF PABLO PICASSO

He was born in 1881. Pablo took his mother's surname, since his father's surname - Ruiz - was very ordinary, besides, the father of the future artist was an artist himself, and Pablo had someone to learn from.

As a child, his father allowed Pablo to finish the work for him - for example, to finish painting the legs of pigeons. Once, when Pablo had the opportunity to do a larger work, Jose Ruiz was amazed by his technique, and, as one of the legends about Picasso says, he was so amazed that from that day he himself stopped painting.

Already at the age of 16, Pablo went to Madrid, to the best art school at that time. He did not study there for long, although he managed to impress both fellow students and teachers with his skill. He became much more interested in various aspects of the life of a big city, and also plunged headlong into the work of artists of interest to him - Diego Velazquez, Francisco Goya, and especially El Greco.

Picasso lived a very long life, never stopping creating. For almost a century of life, he experienced many creative changes, romantic meetings with women, changed a dozen luxurious houses and died a multimillionaire.

THE CREATIVITY OF PABLO PICASSO

"Brilliant talent" - this is how the teenager was described at the Madrid Academy of Fine Arts. However, Pablo soon announced to his parents that sheer conservatism reigns there and he will not learn anything new. At the age of 15, the young artist created a work of deep content - "Knowledge and Mercy". The painting received a gold medal, and Pablo's first solo exhibition was held in the Four Cats cafe.

In 1900, Picasso visited Paris and fell ill with it. Four years later, he moved there to live. "Bending Harlequin", "Absinthe Drinker". The artist removes everything superfluous from the compositions, perfectly conveying the emotional state of the characters.
Gradually, multicolor disappears from Picasso's paintings, giving way to a piercing blue color. The works are filled with a feeling of longing and loneliness, which are akin to the mood of the painter himself.

Knowledge and Mercy Bowed Harlequin Absinthe Drinker

Changes in the life of the master followed after his acquaintance with the Russian philanthropist and collector Pyotr Shchukin. He purchased several paintings by the young artist. Well, then Pablo's life was illuminated by love for the red-haired beauty Fernande Olivier, who inspired the artist to create the famous image of a woman guitar. The girl lived in the same house as the master. Jealous Picasso put a lock on the door, protecting his treasure. Transparent and light colors appeared in his palette.

The "pink" period reflects Pablo's passion for the circus. Harlequins and street gymnasts are his favorite characters. A miniature gymnast wants to keep her balance while standing on a spinning ball; she is impressed with her progress, showing her dexterity and grace to the man sitting next to her ("Girl on the Ball"). The picture has a truly magical property: not a single detail can be excluded from it - otherwise the whole composition will crumble.

Combination of geometric objects and human figures. In 1906, the artist's manner changed dramatically. In Les Maidens of Avignon, the master created a completely new reality by constructing figures from geometric volumes broken by sharp corners. The public and friends of Picasso were shocked. However, it is this work that will be called an important step towards cubism. Visual Esperanto, as the genre is called, developed in stages.

The "Cezanne" stage is characterized by gray, brown and green tones ("Woman with a fan"), and the image is built on a comparison of geometric shapes. "Analytical" cubism literally "splits" the image into parts. The canvas resembles fragments of broken glass, keeping the reflection of a person (“Portrait of Ambroise Vollard”). “Synthetic” cubism (“Violin and Guitar”) is distinguished by decorativeness and contrast. Despite the rejection by the audience of most of Picasso's ideas, his paintings sold well.

Woman with a fan Portrait of Ambroise Vollard Violin and guitar

In 1917, the artist decided to try his hand at a new field, creating scenery and costumes for the performances of the Diaghilev Ballet in Paris. Olga Khokhlova danced in the corps de ballet, had a proud posture, was aristocratically refined and impregnable (“Portrait of Olga in an Armchair”). Passionately in love, Pablo married his beloved. Olga strove to make her bohemian husband more refined. However, it soon turned out that they are completely different people. Even the birth of a son did not save the dying relationship.

Well, since 1927, the image of a fair-haired woman ("Dream") began to appear on the artist's canvases. Marie-Thérèse Walter's infatuation coincided with attempts to express herself in a surrealist manner. Scandals in the family and quarrels with Marie-Therese - Picasso cut this Gordian knot in one fell swoop, leaving both women.

The avant-garde photographer Dora Maar acted as an intellectual outlet for the artist. She filmed the entire process of creating the famous triptych "Guernica" - the master's response to wartime events. Dora became Picasso's main model for many years.
Pablo knew the real joy of life with the young artist Francoise Gillot ("Joy of Life"). Independent and freedom-loving, she gave the artist a son, Claude, and a daughter, Paloma, but could not be with him.

The last companion and second official wife of the master, Jacqueline Roque, called him "monsignor" and kissed his hands. One of the best works of Picasso's late work is The Kiss. Everything about it is oversized. The woman clung to her beloved man with trusting devotion, peering into her dear features.

Portrait of Olga in an armchair Sleep Joy of life Kiss

One can argue for a long time about whether Picasso loved his muses or mistook infatuation for love. One thing is clear: all of them were needed to leave the invaluable legacy of a genius, the significance of which for world art is difficult to overestimate. These are 50 thousand paintings, sculptures, ceramics and drawings. Such creative energy completely changed the landscape of world painting; even during his lifetime, Picasso was recognized as a genius of the 20th century.

INTERESTING FACTS FROM THE LIFE OF PABLO PICASSO

At birth, Pablo was considered dead - the child was born so weak. The mother had a very difficult birth, and this could not but affect the heir. The midwife even went to tell the mother of the child the sad news that the baby was stillborn. However, Uncle Picasso loved cigars, and even entered the room where the “dead” nephew lay, holding a smoking cigar in his mouth. Without thinking twice, the uncle blew a jet of smoke into the face of the baby, and he reacted by crying. Naturally, after that he was no longer considered dead.

The boy's first word was "PIZ" - short for "LAPIZ" ("pencil" in Spanish). Father Pablo, an artist by profession, began to educate an artist in his son, starting at the age of 7. However, Picasso's father vowed to give up his vocation when his son was 13 years old - already then he surpassed his father (by the way, an art professor).

The artist painted his first picture at the age of nine, it was a rider on a horse who participated in a bullfight. Already at the age of 15, Picasso created his first masterpiece - a painting depicting his relatives at the altar.

The artist was very quick-tempered from childhood, and he was constantly punished. The temperament of the artist became more and more eccentric with age, but his talent did not disappear, but became brighter.

Picasso got his first serious job by signing a contract with the art dealer Pere Menach from Paris. This brought him 150 francs (in modern money, about 750 US dollars - of course, in terms of).

In 1909, a young Picasso and a friend invented cubism, though they didn't come up with the name, but a French critic who noticed that Picasso's paintings were full of cubes.

Picasso was extraordinarily wealthy, and left behind only $1.5 billion worth of real estate. His paintings are generally invaluable. Now some of the works of Pablo Picasso are estimated at hundreds of millions of dollars.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Kostenevich A. "Dryad". Genesis and meaning of Picasso's painting // Bulletin of History, Literature, Art. Department of History and Philology. Sciences RAS. M.: Collection; The science. T. 1. 2005. C. 118-131.

Pablo Picasso. Poems.

M., Marina Picasso. Grandfather: memories.

M., Nadezhdin N. Ya. Pablo Picasso: "The Flame of Guernica": Biographical stories. - 2nd ed. - M.: Major, Osipenko, 2011. - 192 p. - (Series "Informal biographies"). - 2000 copies.

Herman M. Yu. “Picasso. Path to triumph” // M.: Art-21st century. 2013

When writing this article, materials from such sites were used:en.wikipedia.org , .

If you find inaccuracies, or wish to supplement this article, send us information to the email address admin@site, we, and our readers, will be very grateful to you.

24.04.2017 at 18:43 · pavlofox · 1 700

The most famous paintings by Picasso

Pablo Picasso is a recognized genius of the 20th century, his paintings are recognizable, and his style is difficult to confuse with other painters. One of the favorite themes in the artist's work was the circus and its characters. The master liked to repeat that the true painters are Rembrandt, Giotto, he is just a clown. The most famous paintings by Picasso are sold for a lot of money, but the artist himself considered painting to be something like a personal diary. During his long, almost century-long life, he never stopped creating.

10. Girl on the ball

"Girl on the Ball", painted in 1905, one of Picasso's most legendary paintings, dates back to the beginning of the artist's pink period, coinciding with his move to Paris. New shades come to the master's work: light pink, red, grayish-pearl, airy, which distinguishes the new period from the previous one (blue). The mood is also changing: if earlier sad, problematic topics were chosen, now simple motives of joy, delight in life appear. The painting "Girl on the ball" is built on contrasts: lightness, femininity, flexibility, the grace of an acrobat on a ball against the stability, hardness, masculinity of an athlete on a cube. Both artists are opposed to the background: the girl will leave the ball at any moment or move further on it, while the sad landscape with a lonely horse will not change for a very long time, and maybe never at all.

9. Absinthe drinker

« Absinthe drinker - one of the most sensational paintings by Picasso was painted in 1901, its theme was the favorite drink of fashionable bohemia - absinthe. Although the impression of this creation is very painful, one cannot fail to note the superbly chosen color palette: contrasting colors express the inner struggle of the heroine, her struggle with the outside world, contradictions, and difficulties that arise along the way. From the image in the picture emanates loneliness and abandonment, it is angular, as if broken, the pose is constrained, and the too large right hand seems to isolate the woman from the world, seeking solitude, protection. And only a slight sarcastic smile on the character's lips tells us that this lady is still alive.

8. Maidens of Avignon

"Avignon Girls" painted in 1907, the painting is one of the most typical examples of cubism. It would seem that cubism is completely inappropriate where you need to depict flexible female bodies, but Picasso manages to do it in such a way that no dissonance is felt when looking at the canvas. Despite the fact that the knees, faces, breasts of the girls are depicted as angular, we understand that before us are priestesses of love. The prototype for them was real girls from a brothel in the Avignon quarter in Barcelona. Initially, other images should have been present in the picture, personifying death, but later the artist left only images of women and fruits as a symbol of fertility. Here the challenge lies not in the theme, not in what is depicted, but in the form, how it is depicted.

7. Three musicians

Well-known painting by Picasso "Three Musicians" written in the cubist style. Not just musicians are depicted in clownish attire, the artist symbolically depicted Guillaume Apollinaire with a clarinet, Max Jacob with an accordion and himself with a violin. The characters seem to be glued to the canvas separately from each other, and the contours of their bodies seem to move in space, giving the image volume and dynamism. Despite the apparent simplicity, similarity to the application and a small palette of colors, the picture is certainly an outstanding work of art.

6. Blue Nude

"Blue Nude" - this painting can be attributed to the most well-known canvases of Picasso, despite the fact that it is one of his earliest paintings (1902). "Blue Nude", as you can easily guess from the name and one look at her, refers to the blue period of the master's work. It is difficult to say what the author wanted to convey with this work, whether he wanted to at all: the figure of a woman in the fetal position sits with her back to the viewer. Only by color and pose can one catch a hint of despair, hopelessness, loneliness, nakedness, not only in the literal but also figurative sense.

5. Dora Maar with a cat

Dora Maar with a cat. The artist and Dora Maar have developed a vibrant, passionate relationship of ten years, she was his muse more than once. Dora cannot be called tender and fragile, her femininity lies in mystery, strength, extraordinary energy. The artist poured this energy into this, perhaps, the most recognizable painting by Picasso. A lady in a hat and sharp blue nails involuntarily evokes associations with representatives of the cat family, she exudes independence, a rebellious disposition. A face depicted both in profile and full face with a deformed nose, mouth and eyes cannot be called beautiful, but it is difficult to forget. The image of a small black cat on the shoulder of a woman only emphasizes the brightness of the character, a certain aggressiveness of Dora Maar.

4. Seated woman. Maria Theresa Walter

« Seated woman. Maria Theresa Walter" - one of Picasso's most famous paintings is inspired by another muse, Maria Theresa Walter. The female figure occupies almost the entire canvas, her outlines are heavy, rough and angular. The naked woman's face expresses deep thought. Picasso seeks to show the versatility of female nature, while deliberately forgetting about the anatomy and realism of the depiction of the human body.

3. Guernica

"Guernica" is practically the most recognizable painting by Picasso, mainly because of its political implications. With this canvas, the master not only speaks a word against the Nazi bombing of Guernica (Spain) during the civil war, but also depicts the image of the war in general, with all the tragedies and suffering. From the canvas breathes physical pain, a sense of loss, destruction, death. For all the schematic images of people, each of them is endowed with strong emotionality.

2. Girl in front of a mirror

"Girl in front of a mirror"- Another very popular work by Picasso is inspired by the already familiar Maria Theresa Walter. The main idea of ​​the picture is that the girl sees in the mirror not quite her own reflection, but something otherworldly, different. Bright contrasting colors emphasize the ambiguity of nature. Maria Teresa seems to see her true nature in a mirror, deformed, distorted, painted in bright shades, looking for new facets of herself.

1. Old guitarist

"Old Guitarist". The most recognizable works of Picasso are, for the most part, those written during the blue period of creativity. This picture is the clearest example of this. The inspiration for her was the suicide of the artist's friend, Carlos Casagemas. The cold blue color expresses melancholy, frustration, withdrawal into oneself, the figure of the guitarist is hunched and compressed, wrapping around a large brown guitar. The size of the instrument and its color symbolically indicate that music is a way to get away from the problems of a cruel world and forget about poverty and even blindness.

What else to see:

There is hardly a person on the planet who is not familiar with the name Pablo Picasso. The founder of cubism and an artist of many styles in the 20th century influenced the fine arts not only in Europe, but throughout the world.

Artist Pablo Picasso: childhood and years of study

One of the brightest was born in Malaga, in a house on Merced Square, in 1881, on October 25th. Now there is a museum and fund named after P. Picasso. Following the Spanish tradition at baptism, the parents gave the boy a rather long name, which is an alternation of the names of saints and the closest and most revered relatives in the family. Ultimately, he is known by his very first and last. Pablo decided to take his mother's surname, considering his father's too simple. The boy's talent and craving for drawing manifested itself from early childhood. The first and very valuable lessons were given to him by his father, who was also an artist. His name was Jose Ruiz. He painted his first serious picture at the age of eight - "Picador". We can safely say that it was with her that the work of Pablo Picasso began. The father of the future artist received a job offer as a teacher in La Coruña in 1891, and soon the family moved to northern Spain. In the same place, Pablo studied at the local art school for a year. Then the family moved to one of the most beautiful cities - Barcelona. The young Picasso was 14 years old at the time, and he was too young to study at La Lonja (School of Fine Arts). However, the father was able to ensure that he was admitted to the entrance exams on a competitive basis, with which he coped brilliantly. After another four years, his parents decided to enroll him in the best advanced art school at that time - "San Fernando" in Madrid. Studying at the academy quickly bored the young talent; in its classical canons and rules, he was cramped and even bored. Therefore, he devoted more time to the Prado Museum and the study of its collections, and a year later he returned to Barcelona. The early period of his work includes paintings painted in 1986: “Self-portrait” by Picasso, “First Communion” (it depicts the artist’s sister Lola), “Portrait of a Mother” (pictured below).

During his stay in Madrid, he first made where he studied all the museums and the paintings of the greatest masters. Subsequently, he would come to this center of world art repeatedly, and in 1904 he would finally move.

"Blue" period

This time period can be seen as precisely at this time, his individuality, still subject to extraneous influence, begins to appear in the work of Picasso. A well-known fact: the talent of creative natures manifests itself as brightly as possible in difficult life situations. This is exactly what happened to Pablo Picasso, whose works are now known to the whole world. The takeoff was instigated and came after a long depression caused by the death of close friend Carlos Casagemas. In 1901, at the exhibition organized by Vollard, 64 works by the artist were presented, but at that time they were still full of sensuality and brightness, the influence of the Impressionists was clearly felt. The “blue” period of his work gradually entered into its legal rights, manifesting itself with rigid contours of figures and the loss of three-dimensionality of the image, moving away from the classical laws of artistic perspective. The palette of colors on his canvases is becoming more and more monotonous, the emphasis is on blue. The beginning of the period can be considered "Portrait of Jaime Sabartes" and Picasso's self-portrait, written in 1901.

Paintings of the "blue" period

The key words during this period for the master were such words as loneliness, fear, guilt, pain. In 1902, he will return to Barcelona again, but he will not be able to stay there. The tense situation in the capital of Catalonia, poverty on all sides and social injustice result in popular unrest, which gradually engulfed not only all of Spain, but also Europe. Probably, this state of affairs had an impact on the artist, who this year is working fruitfully and extremely hard. Masterpieces of the “blue” period are created in the Motherland: “Two sisters (Date)”, “An old Jew with a boy”, “Tragedy” (photo of the canvas above), “Life”, where the image of the deceased Casagemas once again appears. In 1901, the painting "The Absinthe Drinker" was also painted. It traces the influence of the popular at that time passion for "vicious" characters, characteristic of French art. The theme of absinthe sounds in many paintings. The work of Picasso, among other things, is full of drama. The hypertrophied hand of a woman, with which she seems to be trying to defend herself, catches the eye especially clearly. At present, The Absinthe Drinker is stored in the Hermitage, having got there from a private and very impressive collection of Picasso's works (51 works) by S. I. Shchukin after the revolution.

As soon as the opportunity arises to go again, he decides to use it without hesitation and leaves Spain in the spring of 1904. It is there that he will encounter new interests, sensations and impressions, which will give rise to a new stage in his work.

"Pink" period

In the work of Picasso, this stage lasted for a relatively long time - from 1904 (autumn) until the end of 1906 - and was not entirely homogeneous. Most of the paintings of the period are marked by a light range of colors, the appearance of ocher, pearl-gray, red-pink tones. Characteristic is the appearance and subsequent dominance of new themes for the artist's work - actors, circus performers and acrobats, athletes. Of course, the vast majority of the material was provided to him by the Medrano circus, which in those years was located at the foot of Montmartre. The bright theatrical setting, costumes, behavior, variety of characters seemed to have returned P. Picasso to the world, albeit transformed, but real forms and volumes, natural space. The images in his paintings again became sensual and filled with life, brightness, as opposed to the characters of the "blue" stage of creativity.

Pablo Picasso: works of the "pink" period

The paintings that marked the beginning of a new period were first exhibited at the end of the winter of 1905 in the Serurier Gallery - these are "Seated Nude" and "Actor". One of the recognized masterpieces of the "pink" period is "The Family of Comedians" (pictured above). The canvas has impressive dimensions - in height and width of more than two meters. The figures of circus performers are depicted against the blue sky, it is generally accepted that the harlequin on the right side is Picasso himself. All the characters are static, and there is no inner closeness between them, everyone was bound by inner loneliness - the theme of the entire "pink" period. In addition, the following works by Pablo Picasso are worth noting: “Woman in a Shirt”, “Toilet”, “Boy Leading a Horse”, “Acrobats. Mother and son”, “Girl with a goat”. All of them demonstrate to the viewer the beauty and serenity rare for the artist's paintings. A new impetus to creativity happened at the end of 1906, when Picasso traveled around Spain and ended up in a small village in the Pyrenees.

African period of creativity

P. Picasso first encountered archaic African art at the thematic exhibition of the Trocadero Museum. He was impressed by pagan idols of primitive form, exotic masks and figurines, embodying the great power of nature and distanced from the smallest details. The artist's ideology coincided with this powerful message, and as a result, he began to simplify his characters, making them look like stone idols, monumental and sharp. However, the first work in the direction of this style appeared back in 1906 - this is a portrait of the work of Pablo Picasso of the writer. He rewrote the picture 80 times and already completely lost faith in the possibility of embodying her image in a classical style. This moment can rightfully be called transitional from following nature to deformation of the form. It is enough to look at such canvases as "Nude Woman", "Dance with Veils", "Dryad", "Friendship", "Bust of a Sailor", "Self-Portrait".

But perhaps the most striking example of the African stage of Picasso's work is the painting "Avignon Girls" (pictured above), on which the master worked for about a year. She crowned this stage of the artist's career and largely determined the fate of art as a whole. For the first time, the canvas saw the light only thirty years after it was written and became an open door to the world of the avant-garde. The bohemian circle of Paris literally split into two camps: “for” and “against”. The painting is currently in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City.

Cubism in the work of Picasso

The problem of the uniqueness and accuracy of the image remained in first place in European fine art until the moment when cubism burst into it. The impetus for its development is considered by many to be the question that arose among artists: “Why paint?” At the beginning of the 20th century, almost anyone could be taught a reliable image of what you see, and photography was literally on the heels, which threatened to completely and completely displace everything else. Visual images become not only believable, but also accessible, easily replicated. Cubism of Pablo Picasso in this case reflects the individuality of the creator, refusing a plausible image of the outside world and opening up completely new possibilities, the boundaries of perception.

Early works include: “Pot, glass and book”, “Bathing”, “Bouquet of flowers in a gray jug”, “Bread and fruit bowl on the table”, etc. The canvases clearly show how the artist’s style changes and acquires increasingly abstract features towards the end of the period (1918-1919). For example, "Harlequin", "Three Musicians", "Still Life with Guitar" (pictured above). Associating the viewers of the master's work with abstractionism did not suit Picasso at all, the very emotional message of the paintings, their hidden meaning, was important to him. In the end, the style of cubism created by him himself gradually ceased to inspire and interest the artist, opening the way for new trends in creativity.

classical period

The second decade of the 20th century was quite difficult for Picasso. So, 1911 was marked by a story with stolen figurines from the Louvre, which did not put the artist in the best light. In 1914, it turned out that, even after living in the country for so many years, Picasso was not ready to fight for France in the First World War, which divorced him from many friends. And the following year, his beloved Marcel Humbert died.

The return of a more realistic Pablo Picasso in his work, whose works were again filled with readability, figurativeness and artistic logic, was also influenced by many external factors. Including a trip to Rome, where he was imbued with ancient art, as well as communication with the Diaghilev ballet troupe and acquaintance with the ballerina Olga Khokhlova, who soon became the second wife of the artist. The beginning of a new period can be considered her portrait of 1917, which in some way was of an experimental nature. The Russian ballet of Pablo Picasso not only inspired the creation of new masterpieces, but also gave his beloved and long-awaited son. The most famous works of the period: Olga Khokhlova (pictured above), Pierrot, Still Life with Jug and Apples, Sleeping Peasants, Mother and Child, Women Running on the Beach, Three Graces .

Surrealism

The division of creativity is nothing but the desire to put it on the shelves and squeeze it into a certain (stylistic, temporal) framework. However, to the work of Pablo Picasso, who is adorned by the best museums and galleries in the world, such an approach can be called very conditional. If you follow the chronology, then the period when the artist was close to surrealism falls on 1925-1932. It is not at all surprising that the muse visited the master of the brush at every stage of his work, and when O. Khokhlova wished to recognize herself on his canvases, he turned to neoclassicism. However, creative people are fickle, and soon the young and very beautiful Maria Teresa Walter, who at the time of their acquaintance was only 17 years old, entered the life of Picasso. She was destined for the role of a mistress, and in 1930 the artist bought a castle in Normandy, which became her home, and his workshop. Maria Teresa was a faithful companion, steadfastly enduring the creative and loving throwing of the creator, maintaining friendly correspondence until the death of Pablo Picasso. Works of the Surrealist period: "Dance", "Woman in an armchair" (pictured below), "Bather", "Nude on the beach", "Dream", etc.

World War II period

Sympathy for Picasso during the hostilities in Spain in 1937 belonged to the Republicans. When Italian and German aircraft destroyed Guernica, the political and cultural center of the Basques, in the same year, Pablo Picasso depicted the city in ruins on a huge canvas of the same name in just two months. He was literally seized with horror from the threat that hung over the whole of Europe, which could not but affect his work. Emotions were not expressed directly, but were embodied in the tone, its gloom, bitterness and sarcasm.

After the wars died down, and the world came to a relative balance, restoring everything that had been destroyed, Picasso's work also acquired happier and brighter colors. His canvases, written in 1945-1955, have a Mediterranean flavor, are very atmospheric and partly idealistic. At the same time, he began to work with ceramics, creating many decorative jugs, dishes, plates, figurines (photo above). The works that were created in the last 15 years of his life are very uneven in style and quality.

One of the greatest artists of the twentieth century - Pablo Picasso - died at the age of 91 in his villa in France. He was buried near the Vovenart castle that belonged to him.

), the full name of Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuseno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Martir Patricio Ruiz and Picasso (Spanish. Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Ruíz y Picasso listen)) is a Spanish painter, sculptor, graphic artist, ceramist and designer.

Experts called Picasso the most "expensive" artist - in a year the volume is only official sales of his work amounted to 262 million.

First works

Picasso began to draw from childhood, Picasso received his first lessons in artistic skill from his father, art teacher J. Ruiz, and soon mastered them perfectly. At the age of 8 he paints his first serious oil painting, Picador with which he did not part throughout his life.

Picasso studied at the art school in La Coruña (-). In the year he enters the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona. First he signs with his paternal name Ruiz Blasco, but then chooses the mother's last name Picasso. In September, he leaves for Madrid, where the competition for the academy of San Fernando takes place in October.

The work of the transitional period - from "blue" to "pink" - "Girl on the ball" (1905, Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow).

During the Roman preparations for Parade, Picasso met the ballerina Olga Khokhlova, who became his first wife. On February 12, they marry in a Russian church in Paris, Jean Cocteau, Max Jacob and Guillaume Apollinaire were witnesses at their wedding. They have a son, Paul (February 4).

The euphoric and conservative atmosphere of post-war Paris, Picasso's marriage to Olga Khokhlova, the artist's success in society - all this partly explains this return to figurativeness, temporary and, moreover, relative, since Picasso continued to paint at that time pronounced cubist still lifes ("Mandolin and Guitar", 1924). Along with the cycle of giantesses and bathers, paintings inspired by the “Pompeian” style (“Woman in White”, 1923), numerous portraits of his wife (“Portrait of Olga”, pastel, 1923) and son (“Paul in a Pierrot costume”) are one one of the most captivating works ever written by the artist, even though, with their slightly classical direction and parody, they somewhat puzzled the avant-garde of the time.

Surrealism

Picasso had a huge impact on artists of all countries, becoming one of the most famous masters in the art of the XX century.

Gallery

Everyone has heard of Pablo Picasso. This is not only a famous Spanish artist, but also a sculptor, graphic artist, ceramist, theater artist, poet and playwright. His baptismal name consists of 23 words - Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuseno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Martir Patricio Ruiz Clito Picasso. It is said to be named after several saints and relatives. Pablo showed his rare talent at the tender age of 10, when he completed his first painting called The Yellow Picador, which depicts a man on horseback during a bullfight. During his life, Pablo Picasso created many masterpieces that still make the world reverent. In our list, we have listed the most famous.

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old guitarist

The painting was painted in 1903 after Picasso's friend Carlos Casagemas committed suicide. At this time, the artist treats those who have stumbled, humiliated by fate and poverty with understanding. This canvas was created in Madrid, and the distorted style used is reminiscent of El Greco. It shows a crooked blind man holding a large brown guitar. Brown color goes beyond the overall color scheme of the picture. Not only in fact, but also symbolically, the guitar fills the entire space around the old man, who, it seems, ignoring his blindness and poverty, completely devoted himself to music.

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Girl in front of a mirror

In the painting, painted in March 1932, we see the image of Picasso's French mistress, Marie Teresa Walter. The style of this painting is called cubism. The idea of ​​cubism is to take an object, break it down into simpler parts, and then, from multiple points of view, recreate those parts on canvas. In "Girl in front of a mirror" you can see the image of vanity. The picture at first glance seems quite simple, but if you look closely, you can find various deep symbols in all parts of the picture.

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Guernica

Perhaps this is one of the most famous paintings by Picasso. This is not just an ordinary picture, but also a strong political statement. Here the artist criticizes the bombing of the Basque city of Guernica carried out by the Nazis during the Spanish Civil War. The painting, measuring 3.5 meters high and 7.8 meters long, is a powerful indictment against the war. The style of painting used is a combination of pastoral and epic in black and white. Guernica is a meticulous depiction of the tragedies of war and the suffering of civilians.

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Three musicians

The title of the painting refers to the series that was completed by Picasso in 1921 at Fontainebleau near Paris. This is a rather large painting in size - its width and height are more than 2 meters. It uses the synthetic style of cubism, which turns the artwork into a sequence of planes, lines and arcs. Each painting under this title depicts a Harlequin, a Pierrot, and a monk. It is believed that these three symbolic heroes are Picasso himself, Guillaume Apollinaire and Max Jacob, respectively. Apollinaire and Jacob were very good friends of Picasso during the 1910s. Some historians, however, believe that The Three Musicians is Picasso's belated response to Matisse and his Piano Lesson.

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Seated woman. Maria Theresa Walter

Like Guernica, this work of art was also created in 1937. Picasso's muse was Maria Theresa Walter, and he created many of her calm images. Many believe that this picture resembles a queen from a deck of playing cards - such imagery is often projected using stripes. The work is also done in the style of cubism along with the polarization of red and green colors.

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Dora Maar with a cat

The painting, which was painted by Picasso in 1941, shows his Croatian mistress sitting on a chair with a small cat on her shoulder. During his relationship with Dora Maar, which lasted ten years, Picasso painted her portraits many times. Dora herself was a surrealist photographer. This painting is considered one of the least aggressive depictions of Dora Maar, as well as one of the most expensive paintings in the world. In composition, Picasso showed exceptional attention to detail, many of which are symbolic.

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blue nude

The Blue Nude is one of Picasso's earliest masterpieces. It was painted in 1902. This painting is from Picasso's blue period. During this time, Picasso used a pale, cold blue as the dominant color in his paintings and sketches. In most of his paintings during the blue period, strong emotions are reflected with the help of one color. The Blue Nude sits with her back to us in a fetal position. The painting offers no subtext, and its emotions are not clear.

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Avignon maidens

This masterpiece was painted in 1907 and is one of the most typical examples of cubism in painting. The picture goes beyond the traditional composition and presentation. Picasso innovatively uses distorted female bodies and geometric shapes. None of the figures are depicted with traditional femininity, and the women appear slightly menacing. It took Picasso nine months to complete this painting. This painting also reflects the influence of African art.

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Nude, green leaves and a bust

Painted in 1932, the painting again depicts Picasso's mistress, Maria Teresa Walter. The canvas, measuring about one and a half meters in length and height, was completed within one day. This painting is considered one of Picasso's greatest achievements in the interwar period. She gives rise to illusions and is considered very sexual.

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crying woman

The oil on canvas “Weeping Woman” was created by Picasso in 1937. It is believed that this painting is a continuation of the theme of tragedy, which is depicted in Guernica. In painting the weeping woman, Picasso directly focused on the human aspect of suffering and created a uniquely universal image. This picture completed the series that Picasso painted in protest. The model for the picture (as well as for the entire series) was Dora Maar, who worked as a professional photographer.

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These were the most famous paintings by Pablo Picasso. Thank you for your attention.