Oge what is real art. Essay on the topic of art. An essay-reasoning on the topic: “What is real art?” Task 15.3 real art

1. The heroine of A. Kuprin’s story “The Garnet Bracelet” Vera Nikolaevna, having heard Beethoven’s Second Sonata, experiences the awakening of a new spiritual mood, she understands that a great love has passed her by, which is repeated only once in a thousand years. The sonata is in tune with the mood of the heroine; through music, her soul connects with the soul of the deceased Zheltkov.

2. The last scene of K. Paustovsky’s story “The Old Cook” shows how omnipotent real art is. The music played by the stranger on the harpsichord had a magical effect on all listeners: the musician was pale, the dog got out of his booth and quietly shook his ears, and the blind old man suddenly saw a young, laughing Martha. His memory recalled that winter day in the mountains when they first met. K. Paustovsky managed to convey the feelings of a dying person, no longer expecting anything from life, who unexpectedly came into contact with beautiful music and his past.

3. The main character of A.P. Chekhov’s work “Rothschild’s Violin” - Yakov Matveevich - the melody he found, amazingly beautiful, touching and sad, forces him to make philosophical generalizations of a humane nature: if there were no hatred and malice between people, the world would become beautiful, no one would bother each other. For the first time, he felt shame from offending others.

4. The great composer, the hero of K. Paustovsky’s story “Basket with Fir Cones,” gave his music to the forester’s daughter. When Dagny heard her, she discovered a new, amazingly bright, colorful, inspiring world. Feelings and emotions that were previously unfamiliar to her stirred her entire soul and opened her eyes to an as yet unknown beauty. This music showed Dagny not only the greatness of the world around her, but also the value of human life, because by that time the composer was no longer alive.

5. The hero of V. Korolenko’s book “The Blind Musician” - the boy Petrus - was born blind. But thanks to art, namely music, he not only did not drown in his grief, but also found his place in life, becoming a famous musician.

6. The hero of A. Kuprin's story "Taper" - a thin and poorly dressed thirteen-year-old boy - accidentally ended up in a noble family as a musician. It was difficult to imagine musical abilities in this modest guest, but when he began to play, it became clear to everyone that in front of them was a talented musician. Among the guests, by lucky chance, was the famous pianist Anton Grigorievich Rubinstein. He noticed the boy's talent and subsequently became his mentor.

7. The main character of L. Tolstoy's story "Albert" is a brilliant musician. He plays the violin mesmerizingly, and the listeners feel as if they are once again experiencing something that has been lost forever, that their souls are warming.

8. The hero of Ray Bradbury's story "Smile", the boy Tom, during the next "cultural revolution", risking his life, takes away and hides the canvas on which the Mona Lisa is depicted. He wants to preserve it in order to later return it to people: Tom believes that real art can ennoble even a wild crowd.

9. In the George Clooney film Treasure Hunters, the story is told about an organization known as the Monuments, Art and Archives Unit. Employees of this organization, created in 1943 by US President Franklin Roosevelt, returned many cultural objects stolen by the Nazis to their rightful owners and museums. The rescued works of art have not lost their value over the centuries.

10. Actress Vera Alentova recalls such an incident. One day she received a letter from an unknown woman who said that when she was left alone, she did not want to live. But after watching the film “Moscow Doesn’t Believe in Tears,” she became a different person: “You won’t believe it, I suddenly saw that people were smiling and they weren’t as bad as I thought all these years. And the grass, it turns out, is green, and the sun is shining... I recovered, for which I thank you very much.”

11. Russian nature inspired not only composers, but also many poets, one of whom is Sergei Yesenin. Not a single poem by the master of words is complete without pictures of nature: she shares the poet’s joy and sorrow, warns him, instills hope in him, cries over his unfulfilled dreams. Nature is not only the “cradle” and the poetic school of S. Yesenin, it is the soul of Yesenin’s poems, the source that feeds the poet’s lyrical feelings.

12. An amazing woman, artist Evfrosinya Antonovna Kersnovskaya spent 12 years in a Stalinist camp. After leaving it, she began to sketch this period of her life in order to free herself from those difficult memories. As many as twelve general notebooks were painted by her in the 60s of the last century. In 1991, they were published as a separate book called “Rock Painting.” Looking at these drawings that were born so long ago, somewhere deep inside you feel how much art helped this amazing artist and simply noble woman to survive.

13. The artist Boris Sveshnikov was also imprisoned for a long time. His albums were drawn in captivity, but they were not about the camp, not about the life he lived then - they were fantastic. He depicted some kind of fictional reality and extraordinary cities. With a thin feather, he created a parallel, mysterious life in his albums. And subsequently, these albums became evidence that his inner world, fantasy, and creativity saved his life in this camp. He survived thanks to real art.

14. Another extraordinary artist, Mikhail Sokolov, being imprisoned for his extravagant appearance, also tried to seek freedom and salvation in creativity. He drew small pictures with colored pencils, and sometimes with pencil stubs, and hid them under his pillow. And these small fantastic drawings by Sokolov are in some sense grander than some huge paintings painted by another artist in a bright and comfortable studio. You can depict reality, or you can depict fantasy. In both cases, what you transfer from your head, from your soul, from your heart, from your memory onto paper, frees you, sets you free, even if there are prison bars around you.

15. Many front-line soldiers talk about how soldiers exchanged smokes and bread for clippings from a front-line newspaper, where chapters from A. Tvardovsky’s poem “Vasily Terkin” were published. This means that an encouraging word was sometimes more important to the soldiers than food. This is the power of literature as an art form.

16. When the Nazis laid siege to Leningrad, Dmitri Shostakovich's 7th Symphony had a huge impact on the city's residents. It, as eyewitnesses testify, gave people new strength to fight the enemy.

17. In the history of literature, a lot of evidence has been preserved related to the stage history of D. Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor.” They say that many noble children, having recognized themselves in the image of the slacker Mitrofanushka, experienced a complete rebirth: they began to study diligently, read a lot and grew up as worthy sons of their homeland.

18. People believed in the truly magical power of art. Thus, some cultural figures suggested that during the First World War the French should defend Verdun, their strongest fortress, not with forts and cannons, but with the treasures of the Louvre. “Put the “La Gioconda” or “Madonna and Child and Saint Anne” by the great Leonardo da Vinci in front of the besiegers - and the Germans will not dare to shoot!” - they argued.

19. One day, the American inventor Nikola Tesla fell seriously ill. His life was in danger. Recovery, according to Tesla’s own story, came completely unexpectedly: during his illness, he began reading “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” by Mark Twain. The cheerful book awakened in him such a desire to live that by an effort of will he forced himself to overcome the disease and soon, to the surprise of the doctors who treated him, he recovered.

20. Having heard the legendary Alexandrov Choir, which with its songs awakened courage in people and gave them strength to fight, the English Prime Minister W. Churchill called the musical group “a secret singing weapon.”

21. The outstanding Russian writer of the 20th century M. Prishvin recalls the following incident in his diaries: in the mournful days of the First World War, people gathered in front of his house and the speaker began to tell people that Russia would soon turn into a German colony. Then one poor peasant woman in a white headscarf made her way to the speaker through the crowd and stopped his speech, turning to the people: “Don’t believe him, comrades! As long as Leo Tolstoy, Pushkin and Dostoevsky are with us, Russia will not perish!”

22. The Musical Theater named after K. S. Stanislavsky and Vl. did not leave Moscow for a single day. I. Nemirovich-Danchenko. At the request of a group of Bolshoi Theater artists who remained in Moscow, a branch of the Bolshoi Theater was opened. Holding their breath, forgetting about the war for a while, the auditorium plunged into the wonderful world of music by Tchaikovsky, A. S. Dargomyzhsky, G. Verdi, G. Puccini.

23. The legendary ataman Ermak conquered Siberia in the company of singers with a set of folk instruments, which were specially assigned to him to raise the morale of his Cossacks... Peter I, understanding the importance of military songs as a moral factor and the morale of the troops, issued an order to each regiment in 1722 to have their own orchestra... Suvorov's miracle heroes marched to storm Izmail to the Cossack song "The nights are dark, the clouds are threatening...".

24. There are cases when military songs saved hundreds of soldiers' lives. So, in 1904, during the battle with the Japanese near Mukden, the musicians of the Moksha infantry regiment raised soldiers demoralized by huge losses and the death of the regiment commander to attack, who broke through the encirclement. The first to go into battle with wind instruments was 25-year-old regimental bandmaster Ilya Shatrov (future author of the composition “Moksha Regiment on the Hills of Manchuria,” which was later remade into the legendary waltz “On the Hills of Manchuria”), in company with seven musicians - flutists and trumpeters.

25. During the Great Patriotic War, the song was the most common genre of Soviet music. The wartime demonstrated its mobility and close proximity to the everyday life of society in all its fullness and strength. The song becomes a spiritual weapon of the front and rear. It calls to battle, inspires with the memory of peaceful days and instills confidence in victory in human hearts.

(1) For me, music is everything. (2) I love jazz, like Uncle Zhenya.
(3) What Uncle Zhenya did at the concert in the House of Culture! (4)He
whistled, shouted, applauded! (5) And the musician kept blowing recklessly into
your saxophone!..
(6) Everything is about me, in this music. (7) That is, about me and about mine
dog. (8) I have a dachshund, his name is Keith...
- (9) Can you imagine? - Uncle Zhenya said. - (10) He played this music
he composes on the fly.
(11) This is for me. (12) The most interesting thing is when you play and not
you know what will happen next. (13) Keith and I too: I’m strumming the guitar
and I sing, he barks and howls. (14) Of course, without words - why do we need
Whale of words?
- (15) Andryukha, it’s decided! - Uncle Zhenya cried. – (16) Learn jazz!
(17) There is such a studio here, in the House of Culture.
(18) Jazz, of course, is great, but here’s the catch: I can’t sing alone.
(19)Only with Keith. (20) For Keith, singing is everything, so I took him from
yourself to the audition.
(21) The whale, having eaten boiled sausage from the refrigerator, walked in a wonderful
mood. (22) How many songs raged in him and me, how many
hope!

Exercise

Art

Real art...

Task 1. What is the main idea of ​​the following fragments of reasoning?

The impact of music on humans. V. Astafiev “Dome Cathedral”

Read the statements about art carefully.

What do we mean by real art? These are amazing masterpieces created by talented craftsmen: artists, musicians. Things that inspire, delight, surprise, make you feel and empathize, cause a storm of emotions, make you think.

Music is one of the art forms that evokes the strongest emotions and feelings. But not all music can influence perception and evoke positive feelings.

Let's try to refer to the text of M.L. Moskvina and, for example, from her own life, to prove the correctness of the idea about the great power of real art.

At the very beginning, in sentences 1 to 6, the author describes the influence of jazz music on Uncle Zheka, who, while listening to the jazzmen’s performances, “whistles, shouts and applauds.” The man experienced an incredible rise of emotions, complete delight. The boy experiences the same feelings, strumming his guitar and singing simple songs. Keith the dachshund is also influenced by music. “Jazz is not music; “jazz is a state of mind,” says the boy’s uncle in sentence 38. And he is certainly right.

Music, and not only music, but also a talentedly written book or painting can change the usual course of life, make you look at familiar things in a new way. A visit to the Opera and Ballet Theater made such an impression on me. I watched the ballet "Swan Lake". The performance is amazing. I really liked the main characters, the grace and ease with which they performed their parts. Everything was clear: timid love, hopes, tenderness and softness, all this was clearly visible in the dance of Erica and Sergei. And the music simply fascinated and called to follow it, encouraging us to do something bright. I wanted to cry, just like that, about nothing... These emotions remain with me to this day.

Thus, based on two arguments, we can conclude that art will only be real when it penetrates deep into the soul, touches the heart, and evokes a storm of different feelings.

Teacher's comment:

When starting to write essay-reasoning 15.3 from the OGE in the Russian language, first carefully read the proposed text. It’s better to start by formulating an answer to the main question of the essay. And then justify your answer. Do not get carried away with a detailed retelling of the work. It's good if you use one or two quotes to support your answer. It is very good to use personal experience to justify your answer. If there is none, remember some important moments in your life when you experienced positive emotions and draw a parallel with art. At the end of your essay, make a general conclusion.

*Source text for analysis:

(1) For me, music is everything. (2) I love jazz, like Uncle Zhenya. (3) What Uncle Zhenya did at the concert in the House of Culture! (4) He whistled, shouted, applauded! (5) And the musician kept blowing recklessly into his saxophone!..

(6) Everything is about me, in this music. (7) That is, about me and about my dog. (8) I have a dachshund, his name is Keith...

- (9) Can you imagine? - Uncle Zhenya said. - (10) He composes this music right on the go.

(11) This is for me. (12) The most interesting thing is when you play and don’t know what will happen next. (13) Keith and I too: I strum the guitar and sing, he barks and howls. (14) Of course, without words - why do Keith and I need words?

- (15) Andryukha, it’s decided! - Uncle Zhenya cried. – (16) Learn jazz! (17) There is such a studio here, in the House of Culture.

(18) Jazz, of course, is great, but here’s the catch: I can’t sing alone. (19)Only with Keith. (20) For Keith, singing is everything, so I took him with me to the audition.

(21) The whale, having eaten boiled sausage from the refrigerator, walked in a wonderful mood. (22) How many songs raged in him and me, how many hopes!

(23) But my joy disappeared when it turned out that dogs were not allowed into the House of Culture.

(24) I entered the audition room without Keith, took the guitar, but I couldn’t start, even if you cracked!..

“(25) You’re not suitable,” they told me. - (26) There is no hearing. (27) Keith almost died of joy when I came out.

(28) “Well?!! (29) Jazz? (30) Yes?!!” - he said with all his appearance, and his tail beat a rhythm on the sidewalk. (31) At home I called Uncle Zhenya.

“(32) I have no hearing,” I say. - (33) I’m not suitable.

“(34) Hearing is nothing,” said Uncle Zhenya with contempt. - (35) Just think, you can’t repeat someone else’s melody. (36) You sing like no one has ever sung before you. (37) This is jazz! (38) Jazz is not music; jazz is a state of mind.

(39) After hanging up, I made a croaking sound from the guitar. (40) Whale howled. (41) Against this background, I depicted the ticking of a clock and the cries of seagulls, and Keith - the whistle of a steam locomotive and the whistle of a steamship. (42) He knew how to lift my weakened spirit. (43) And I remembered how terribly cold it was when Keith and I chose each other at the Bird Market...

(44) And the song went...

Moskvina Marina Lvovna (born in 1954) – modern writer, journalist, radio presenter. For the book “My Dog Loves Jazz” she was awarded an International Diploma G.-H. Andersen.(from Open Bank FIPI)

The material was prepared by Larisa Gennadievna Dovgomelya

Using the text you read, complete ONLY ONE of the tasks on a separate sheet: 9.1, 9.2 or 9.3. Before writing your essay, write down the number of the selected task: 9.1, 9.2 or 9.3.

9.1 Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian philologist F.I. Buslaev: “Only in a sentence do individual words, their endings and prefixes receive their meaning.”

To justify your answer, give 2 examples from the text you read.

You can write a paper in a scientific or journalistic style, revealing the topic using linguistic material. You can start your essay with the words of F.I. Buslaeva.

Work written without reference to the text read (not based on this text) is not graded.

9.2 Write an argumentative essay. Explain how you understand the meaning of the ending of the text: “- Talanta! - Lenya repeated louder. - You need to understand this! This must be protected and appreciated! Isn’t it true?”

In your essay, provide 2 arguments from the text you read that support your reasoning.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the required sentences or use citations.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

9.3 How do you understand the meaning of the phrase REAL ART?

Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic “What is real art”, taking the definition you gave as the thesis. When arguing your thesis, give 2 examples-arguments that confirm your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

(1) At dawn, Lyonka and I drank tea and went to the mshars to look for wood grouse. (2) It was boring to go.

- (3) You, Lenya, should tell me something more fun.

– (4) What to tell? - Lyonka answered. - (5) Is it about the old women in our village? (6) These old women are the daughters of the famous artist Pozhalostin. (7) He was an academician, but he came out of our shepherd kids, from the snotty ones. (8) His engravings hang in museums in Paris, London and here in Ryazan. (9) I suppose you saw it?

(10) I remembered the beautiful engravings, slightly yellowed by time, on the walls of my room in the house of two busy old women. (11) I also remembered the first, very strange feeling from the engravings. (12) These were portraits of old-fashioned people, and I could not get rid of their glances. (13) A crowd of ladies and men in tightly buttoned frock coats, a crowd of the seventies of the nineteenth century, looked at me from the walls with deep attention.

“(14) One day the blacksmith Yegor comes to the village council,” Lenya continued. - (15) There is nothing, he says, to repair what is required, so let’s remove the bells.

(16) Fedosya, a woman from Pustyn, interrupts here: (17) “In the Pozhalostins’ house, old women walk on copper boards. (18) Something is scratched on those boards - I don’t understand. (19) These boards will come in handy.”

(20) I came to the Pozhalostins, said what was the matter, and asked to show these boards. (21) The old woman brings out boards wrapped in a clean towel. (22) I looked and froze. (23) Honest mother, what fine work, how firmly carved! (24) Especially the portrait of Pugachev - you can’t look at it for a long time: it seems that you are talking to him yourself. (25) “Give me the boards for storage, otherwise they will be melted down for nails,” I tell her.

(26) She cried and said: (27) “What are you talking about! (28) This is a national treasure, I won’t give it up for anything.”

(29) In general, we saved these boards and sent them to Ryazan, to the museum.

(30) Then they called a meeting to try me for hiding the boards. (31) I came out and said: (32) “Not you, but your children will understand the value of these engravings, but the work of others must be respected. (33) The man came from shepherds, studied for decades on black bread and water, so much work, sleepless nights, human torment, talent was put into each board...”

– (34) Talent! - Lenya repeated louder. - (35) You need to understand this! (36) This must be protected and appreciated! (37) Isn’t it true?

(According to K. G. Paustovsky) *

* Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich (1892-1968) - Russian writer and publicist, master of lyrical and romantic prose, author of works about nature, historical stories, artistic memoirs.

Indicate the erroneous judgment.

1) The word TEA has two syllables.
2) In the word SHEPHERD, all consonant sounds are unvoiced.
3) In the word RUSHNIK, all consonant sounds have a pair of hardness - softness.
4) In the word LENYA, the letter E means one sound.

Explanation.

The hard consonant Ш does not have a soft pair.

The correct answer is listed at number 3.

Answer: 3

Source: State Academic Inspectorate - 2013, version 1319, State Inspectorate in the Russian language 06/04/2013. Main wave. Option 1319.

Replace the colloquial word “I suppose” in sentence 9 with a stylistically neutral synonym. Write this synonym.

Explanation.

In context “His engravings hang in museums in Paris, London and here in Ryazan. Perhaps you saw it? the colloquial word HEAVENLY means PROBABLY or its synonyms.

Answer: probably, probably, possibly, probably

Answer: probably|probably|possibly|probably|maybe

Source: Open Bank FIPI, option 70F6FF

Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the famous Russian philologist F. I. Buslaev: “Only in a sentence do individual words, their endings and prefixes receive their meaning.” To justify your answer, give 2 examples from the text you read.

When giving examples, indicate the numbers of the required sentences or use citations.

You can write a paper in a scientific or journalistic style, revealing the topic using linguistic material. You can start your essay with the following statement.

The essay must be at least 70 words. Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

Explanation.

Let's give an example of an argumentative essay in a scientific style.

The Russian language is one of the richest languages ​​in the world both in terms of the composition of the language and the methods of its speech organization. One cannot but agree with the statement of the famous Russian philologist F.I. Buslaev: “Only in a sentence do individual words, their endings and prefixes receive their meaning.” A sentence is a unit of syntax, within which individual words and predicative parts acquire the ability to interact and form speech components.

To confirm the validity of F.I. Buslaev’s words, let’s turn to an excerpt from the text by Konstantin Paustovsky. There are many expressive connections in the text. So, for example, in sentence No. 13 (A crowd of ladies and men in tightly buttoned frock coats, a crowd of the seventies of the nineteenth century, looked at me from the walls with deep attention), the grammatical basis is the combination “the crowd watched,” which in itself is interesting from the point of view correspondence of lexical and grammatical meaning. As part of the subject, the word “crowd” in its lexical meaning implies several people, literally a group of people. However, the grammatical meaning of the word "crowd" is a singular noun. Thus, in the combination itself, on the one hand, the facelessness of the people from the engravings is emphasized, and on the other, their integrity, community, as it were, and therefore the predicate is used according to grammatical norms in the singular: the crowd looked.

In sentence 18 (Something is scrawled on those boards - I don’t understand), the word “scratched” takes on an additional connotation; it is used with the aim of belittling the importance of painting on engravings.

Thus, having analyzed the text, we can confidently say that in the sentence the word, its grammatical and lexical meanings are fully revealed.

How do you understand the meaning of the phraseREAL ART ? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-discussion on the topic “What is REAL ART.”

TEXT

(1) As a child, I tried very, very hard to love the theater, as I was told: after all, this is Great Art, a Temple. (2) And I, as expected, should experience sacred awe, but at the same time remember that in the theater there are theatrical conventions. (3) I remembered, but when an elderly man in a camisole with puffy sleeves, with a large velvet belly swaying over his thin legs, menacingly, like a class teacher, asked: “Tell me, Laura, what year are you?” - and the overweight auntie barked in response: “Eighteen years!” - terrible confusion and shame crushed me, and all my efforts to love the theater were completely crossed out.

(4) Meanwhile, it was warm in the theater, there was a pleasant and complex smell in the hall, smart people were walking in the foyer, the windows were wrapped in curtains made of parachute silk, like cumulus clouds. (5) Yes, a temple. (6) Probably. (7) But this is not my temple, and the gods in it are not mine.

(8) But it’s a completely different matter - the Ars cinema, a poor little shed on the square. (9) There are uncomfortable wooden seats, there they sit in coats, there is garbage on the floor. (10) There you will not meet “inveterate theatergoers”, dressed up ladies, offended in advance by the fact that they, decent people, are forced to spend three hours in the company of clueless laymen. (11) There the crowd pours in and takes their seats, rattling their seats and spreading the sour smell of damp coats. (12) They'll start now. (13) This is happiness. (14) This is a movie.

(15) Slowly turn off the light. (16) The chirping of the projector, the impact of the beam - and away we go. (17) The line has been crossed, this elusive moment has passed when the flat and dull screen dissolved, disappeared, became space, the world, flight. (18) Dream, mirage, dream. (19) Transfiguration.

(20) Yes, I am, of course, a simple and primitive movie viewer, like most people. (21) What I expect from cinema is a complete transformation, a final deception - “so as not to think why, so as not to remember when.” (22) The theater is not capable of this, and does not pretend to.

(23) Theater for those who love live actors and graciously forgive them their imperfections in exchange for art. (24) Cinema for those who love dreams and miracles. (25) The theater does not hide the fact that everything you see is pretense. (26) The movie pretends that everything you see is true. (27) Theater - for adults; cinema is for children. (According to T. Tolstoy)*

* Tatyana Nikitichna Tolstaya (born in 1951) – modern writer, TV presenter, philologist.

COMPOSITION

Art is a creative reflection of reality in artistic images. Real art excites the soul and gives a feeling of happiness. It can distract a person from everyday life, transport him to the world of dreams and fantasies, and instill faith in miracles. I will prove the truth of my words with specific examples.

Let us turn to the text of T.N. Tolstoy, whose heroine chose the second of two types of art - theater and cinema. The theater cannot give the narrator what she needs: “complete transformation, final deception.” The heroine believes that cinema is intended for those who “love dreams and miracles.” Thus, it is cinema that helps the narrator feel the fullness of life.

I also have a passion in life - photography. Being interested in this type of art gives me great pleasure. When I pick up a camera, I feel happy, because photography for me is not just about capturing memorable moments, it is an opportunity to show my creativity and imagination.

Thus, real art can make a person happy. The main thing is to find exactly the type of art that will suit your interests and desires. (151 words)

OGE Essay based on a text from the collection of I.P. Tsybulko on the topic

" What is friendship " (task 15.3,option 1 , page 9)

1. Formulating a THESIS . Let's define the word FRIENDSHIP.

Friendship is a close relationship based primarily on mutual understanding and sincerity. A true friend will rejoice at your success from the bottom of his heart, and there will never be envy in his heart. I will prove the truth of my words with specific examples. (34 words)

Note:

1. The text of a concise presentation will help you define the concept, because its theme echoes the theme of the essay (

2. before formulating a definition, analyze the content of the text for presentation (p. 220) and compare it with the content of the text by Yu. Olesha, this must be done in order to avoid inconsistencies between the definition of the word friendship and example arguments from the specified text and your life experience; in the text for presentation, several distinctive signs of friendship are named, but there is no need to list all the signs in the definition, indicate only the one that can be illustrated with an example from the text by Yu. Olesha;

3. when explaining the meaning of the word friendship, avoid the following formulation: Friendship is when...;

build your definition according to the following SCHEME:

a) name the concept (friendship),

b) name a broader concept (for example, relationships),

c) indicate a distinctive feature (for example, based on...);

4. I offer other options for defining the word friendship:

a) Friendship is one of the main virtues, expressed in mutual understanding and sincerity.

b) Friendship is a type of relationship between people that is characterized by...

c) Friendship is a form of communication between people based on...

d) Friendship is one of the best moral feelings of a person, expressing...

5. don't forgetlogically connect this part of the essay followed by (see the last sentence of the introduction).

2. We presentARGUMENT from the text read, confirming our reasoning.

Argument 1

Let us turn to the text by Yu. Olesha. It tells the story of the relationship between two lyceum students - Pushkin and Kuchelbecker. Wilhelm is a true friend, because he not only does not take offense at the lines addressed to him, but also realizes the genius of the young poet and does not hide his sincere admiration (sentences 49 - 56). (40 words)

3. We presentARGUMENT from my own life experience.
Argument 2
U me I also have a friend. Her name is Kristina. She is reliable, understanding, responsive. For six years now, Christina has been successfully engaged in artistic gymnastics. I always sincerely rejoice at her victories and achievements. Most recently, Christina took first place in regional competitions. I know how hard it was for her to achieve this victory. I am very proud of my friend and value our friendship! (55 words)

3. Let's formulateCONCLUSION .

Thus , one of the main conditions of friendship is the absence of envy and competition. (16 words)

In total, the essay contains 145 words (the norm is at least 70 words).
Remember that the essay must contain at least3 paragraphs ! In this work it turned out4 paragraphs :
1 . Explanation of the meaning of sentences from the text.
2. Argument 1.
3. Argument 2.
4. Conclusion.

Workshop

How do you understand the meaning of the expressionHUMAN INNER WORLD ?

“What is the inner world of a person”

COMPOSITION

The inner world of a person is his spiritual world, consisting of feelings, emotions, thoughts, ideas about the environment. A person’s inner world begins to form in childhood. Play, fantasy and belief in miracles are of great importance in the spiritual development of a child. This can be confirmed by two examples.
The characters in L. Volkova's text are children with a rich imagination who love to play. During the game they learn not only good and evil, but also themselves. The extraordinary dream that Mitya and Nika believed in made them change for the better and realize important life truths.
Let us remember the hero of another literary work - Sasha Cherny's story "Igor Robinson". Playing at being a sailor, the boy ended up on an island. A difficult situation enriched the hero’s inner world; it forced him to overcome his fear and show qualities such as endurance, courage and intelligence.
Thus, childhood is a very important period of a person’s life; it is at this time that the concepts of good and evil are laid down, character, a value system, and inner world are formed. (149 words)

ORIGINAL TEXT

(1) In the suburbs of one very ordinary city lived the most ordinary family: father Vitya, mother Vika, son Mitya and daughter Nika. (2) The children were obedient, but they really did not like to go to bed. (3) Every evening there was a scandal: – (4) Children, go to bed! (5) It’s too late... - Dad Vitya was angry.

– (6) Well, dad, can we play for another half hour? (7) Daddy, please, the children asked.

(8) And today the children just didn’t want to go to bed.

– (9) “I give you ten minutes,” dad said angrily and left the room.
“(10) Let’s collect the toys and go to bed,” said mother.

(11) In the end, the children lay down in their beds and closed their eyes.

(12) Midnight struck. (13) And suddenly Mitya saw that something unusual began to happen in the room. (14) Children's toys began to come to life: dolls straightened their dresses and hairstyles, soldiers cleaned their guns, cars checked their wheels, soft toys stretched sweetly. (15) Mitya pretended to be asleep, and they did not notice that the boy was watching them. (16) On the next bed, my sister was also awake and looking at the toys with all her eyes.

– (17) Vika,” the brother whispered to the girl, “our toys have come to life...
- (18) I see.
- (19) Toys, have you come to life? (20) How can this be? - the girl could not stand it.
- (21) Oh-oh-oh, they see us, - the dolls squeaked, - now everyone will know our secret.
- (22) No, no, no, we won’t reveal your secret to anyone. (23) Really, Mitya?
“(24) It’s true,” the boy agreed, “why do you only come to life at night?” (25) It would be great if you were always alive! (26) The children crawled out of their beds and sat on the floor, surrounded by toys.
“(27) This is how we are built,” said the soldiers. - (28) If they play with us carefully, if they don’t scatter us, don’t break us, then we come to life and protect the sleep and peace of our owners, and if on the contrary, then we leave forever.

(29) Nika took her favorite doll in her arms.

– (30) Let's play? - the girl suggested.
- (31) Hurray! (32) Let's go! - the toys started fussing.
“(33) You need to sleep, you won’t get up well for kindergarten tomorrow,” said the bear. “It was an old toy that my mother probably played with.”
- (34) Okay,” Mitya was afraid to offend the old bear, “and tomorrow we’ll go to bed early to play with you all alive.”

(35) The boy shook hands with the soldiers, stroked the dog Tishka on the head, and put the cars in the garage. - (36) Nika, let's go to bed, and tomorrow we'll play with toys again!

– (37) “Okay,” the girl said, yawning, and fell asleep.

(38) In the morning, dad woke up the children:

– (39) Dad, dad, do you know what happened tonight... - Mitya began, but then he remembered his promise to keep the secret. - (40) I had a dream.
“(41) Well, sleep is great,” dad laughed.

(42) Mitya didn’t tell anyone about his secret. (43) Now he went to bed early, and every night the toys came to life and played with the children until the old bear told them that they needed to go to bed.

(44) Of course, it was a dream. (45) But it’s good that children believe in good dreams! (According to L. Volkova)Volkova Lyubov is a young contemporary author.

2. Choice of profession

How do you understand the meaning of the word CHOICE?

Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-discussion on the topic« What is choice » , taking the definition you gave as a thesis. When arguing your thesis, give 2 examples-arguments that confirm your reasoning: give one example-argument from the text you read, and the second from your life experience.

The essay must be at least 70 words.

If the essay is a retelling or completely rewritten of the original text without any comments, then such work is scored zero points.

Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.

COMPOSITION

Choice is a conscious decision-making from a variety of options offered. A person is constantly faced with a situation of choice; it is a vital necessity. It is especially important to make the right decision when choosing a future profession, because a person’s future life depends on it. Sometimes making such a choice is very difficult, but some people already know from an early age what they will do when they grow up. I will prove the truth of my words with specific examples.

The hero of the text by E. Grishkovets talks about how he chose his future profession. The boy had three options: to become an engineer, like his mother, a doctor, like his uncle and brother, or a cultural worker. He saw pros and cons in every profession. At this stage of life, the hero has not been able to make up his mind, but we understand that sooner or later he cannot avoid making this important decision.

But A.V. Suvorov did not have to think long about choosing his future profession. Already in childhood, despite poor health and lack of support from his father, he decided to become a military man. Therefore, he devoted the rest of his life to achieving his goal. The correctness of the path he chose is proven by the fact that the name of A. Suvorov entered the history of our country as the name of a legendary commander.

Thus, making a choice is half the battle; the main thing is not to make a mistake with your choice. (184 words)

ORIGINAL TEXT

(1) Mom, when I was not yet in school, worked as an engineer and did a lot of drawing. (2) The drawings were so beautiful, and her preparation cabinet with shiny things was so extraordinarily attractive that I could not pass by. (3) Of course, they caught me and didn’t let me in, but I still ruined several drawings and broke some compasses.

– (4) “He is clearly drawn to the exact sciences,” his mother said seriously to his father.

(5) At school it immediately became clear that I was not drawn to the exact sciences. (6) I studied very averagely. (7) Mom said that if I continue like this, I will become a loader. (8) The expression on my father’s face at that time was such that I guessed: he doubted that my mother was telling the truth.

(9) In short, I never considered the profession of a loader as a promising one.

(10) When I was in high school, my parents taught at the university. (11) Mom taught thermodynamics, and father worked as the head of the department at the Faculty of Economics.

(12) But algebra, geometry and physics were still the darkest subjects for me. (13) My parents themselves understood that I would not follow in their footsteps, and did not even hint at it.

(14) What opportunities did I have? (15) University, cultural institute and, of course, medical.

(16) I always liked medical school. (17) Firstly, my beloved uncle taught there. (18) Secondly, my second cousin studied there, whom I also liked. (19) But somehow the so-called anatomist was frightening. (20) I understood: I couldn’t even just enter the building where she was located.

(21) Then I started going to the Institute of Culture. (22) I listened and watched performances of the student choir, concerts of students of the variety department, performances staged and performed by students. (23) Of course, I didn’t understand this well then, but I felt deathly boredom and the terrifying joylessness of what I saw. (24) The smell of the “anatomist” seemed to haunt me, it came from everything there: in all the performances the uselessness of what was happening was visible. (25) Useless to anyone! (26) Neither the speakers nor the audience. (27) This lack of hope for joy made me firmly abandon the idea of ​​​​entering a cultural institute.

(28) But I wanted... (29) I don’t know what I wanted. (30) Nothing definite. (31) I wanted to be a student. (32) I wanted to study not very hard and not very boring... (33) I wanted a fun, interesting, real life. (34) The main thing is real life, with the whole being.

(According to E. Grishkovets) *Grishkovets Evgeny Valerievich (born in 1967) is a modern Russian writer, playwright, director, actor, musician. He became famous after he was awarded the Golden Mask national theater award in 1999. He is the author of the books “Shirt”, “Rivers”, “Traces on Me”, “Asphalt”.

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BEAUTY? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-reasoning on the topic: "What is beauty? ", taking as a thesis the definition you gave (option26 ).

Composition

In my opinion, beauty is what pleases the eye. The most ordinary things that surround us and that we encounter every day can be admired by beauty. You just need to be able to notice such beauty. I will prove the truth of my words with specific examples.
Thus, in the text by V. Kataev, the experienced writer I. Bunin taught the aspiring poet to see poetry in the objects and phenomena around him, that is, beauty, imperceptible at first sight. And for this it is necessary, as I. Bunin believed, to listen to one’s own feelings and observe (propositions 19-23).
I remember a similar story from the book I read by V. Soloukhin “Vladimir Country Roads” about the boy Zakharka, who had a passion for painting. The old artist taught the boy the most important thing - to see the beauty that he had run past thousands of times. So, thanks to his mentor, the guy’s eyes were opened: he learned to notice the beauty in nature.
Thus, only those who have a sensitive soul and an attentive eye can comprehend beauty. (128 words)

3

How do you understand the meaning of the wordCOMPASSION?Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-reasoning on the topic: "What is compassion? " , taking as a thesis the definition you gave (inariant20 ).

Composition
Compassion is the ability to empathize with another person, to feel someone else's pain. To prove my words, I will give specific examples.

In A. Likhanov’s text, a girl who came to work at a boarding school showed compassion for abandoned children. She felt their pain, loneliness, resentment and realized that these “sad little people” needed the love and care of loved ones. Compassion pushed the girl to do a good deed - to help these children find a family.
A striking example of the manifestation of compassion is the Tatar girl Dina, the heroine of L. Tolstoy’s story “Prisoner of the Caucasus.” Imbued with sympathy for the Russian officer and not afraid of her father’s anger, Dina stealthily runs to the pit where Zhilin is sitting, brings him milk and cakes and finally arranges an escape.
Thus, compassion is the willingness to help others without thinking. (112 words)

Other definitions of the word "COMPASSION"

Compassion is the outer expression of active inner love for one's neighbor.

Compassion is the willingness to feel and accept the pain of another person, physical or mental. Compassion is the ability, under any conditions, to act in such a way as not to cause harm to others.

Benefits of Compassion

Compassion provides opportunities for the manifestation of the best human qualities.

Compassion gives love for people. Compassion shows the way to the common good through the good of each person. Compassion gives joy from the awareness of one’s own capabilities in helping other people.

Showing compassion in everyday life

Volunteering and charity. People who, at the call of their hearts, help the weak, infirm, the elderly, orphans, and animals, show compassion for them.

Interpersonal relationships. A person who is characterized by the ability to sympathize with the troubles of loved ones and the willingness to help any of the people around him in trouble shows compassion.

Hostilities. The ability to see enemy soldiers not only as enemies, but also as people is a manifestation of compassion.

How to develop compassion in yourself

Reading spiritual literature. The more spiritually rich a person is, the easier it is for him to show compassion for others.

Charity. By participating in charity events, a person develops the ability to sympathize with adversity.

Interest and attentiveness to people. Being attentive and showing sincere interest in the people around him, a person develops the ability to sympathize with them.

Self improvement. To cultivate compassion in oneself means to consciously abandon indifference and all manifestations of selfishness.

Catchphrases about compassion

Most often, compassion is the ability to see our own in the misfortunes of others; it is a premonition of disasters that can befall us.La Rochefoucauld

Compassion is not a feeling; rather, it is a noble disposition of the soul, ready to receive love, mercy and other virtuous feelings.Alighieri Dante

Compassion is the highest form of human existence. F. M. Dostoevsky

By sympathizing, we move into the mental state of another; we seem to be evicted from ourselves in order to settle into the soul of another person.Samuel Smiles

True compassion begins only when, putting yourself in the imagination of the sufferer, you actually experience suffering.Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy

4

OGE Essay-reasoning based on a text from the collection of I.P. Tsybulko on the topic" Nature - This ...( option 36)

How do you understand the meaning of the word NATURE? Formulate and comment on the definition you have given. Write an essay-argument on the topic: “Nature is...”, taking the definition you gave as the thesis.

Composition

Nature is an amazing, complex and multifaceted world. A special place in it is given to animals, which not only touch us, but sometimes amaze us with their nobility, ability to love and sacrifice themselves. To confirm my words, I will give specific examples.

The text by M. Loskutov tells about a strange dog with the ridiculous nickname Borozhai. The oddities of this watchdog were that he was cowardly and sentimental, played with chickens and even babysat kittens. And once during a fire, Borozhai saved a calf at the cost of his own life. This dog is a good example of how to treat those who are weaker and more defenseless than you.

There are also cases when animals rush to help people. For example, in 2004 in Thailand, during the tsunami, an elephant saved a little girl who was on the beach at the time of the disaster. As soon as a huge wave hit the shore, the elephant picked up the child with its trunk, placed it on its back and ran towards the nearest hill. The animal carefully covered the baby with its body from each successive blow of the wave. So, thanks to the elephant, the girl remained alive.

Truly, the world of living nature will still surprise us with incredible stories, and we, people, can learn a lot from our brothersbigger (179 words)

REAL ART 15.3

ORIGINAL TEXT

(1) The house had dried out from old age, and perhaps from the fact that it stood in a clearing in a pine forest and the pine trees were hot all summer.

(2) Tchaikovsky liked this wooden house. (3) The only thing that irritated the composer was the creaky floorboards. (4) To get from the door to the piano, you had to step over five shaky floorboards. (5) From the outside it must have looked funny when the elderly composer made his way to the piano and examined the floorboards with narrowed eyes.

(6) If it was possible to pass without any of them creaking, Tchaikovsky sat down at the piano and grinned. (7) The unpleasant things are left behind, and now the amazing and cheerful things will begin: the dried-out house will begin to sing from the very first sounds of the piano. (8) Dry rafters, doors, and an old chandelier that has lost half of its crystals, similar to oak leaves, will respond to any key with the finest resonance.

(9) The simplest musical theme was played out by this house like a symphony.

(10) For some time now it began to seem to Tchaikovsky that the house was already waiting in the morning for the composer, having drunk coffee, to sit down at the piano. (11) The house was bored without sounds.

(12) Sometimes at night, waking up, Tchaikovsky heard how, crackling, one or the other floorboard would sing, as if remembering his daytime music and snatching his favorite note from it. (13) It was also reminiscent of an orchestra before an overture, when the orchestra members tune the instruments. (14) Here and there - sometimes in the attic, sometimes in a small hall, sometimes in a glassed-in hallway - someone touched the string. (15) Tchaikovsky caught the melody in his sleep, but when he woke up in the morning, he forgot it. (16) He strained his memory and sighed: what a pity that the night tinkling of a wooden house cannot be played back now! (17) Listening to the sounds of the night, he often thought that life was passing by, but nothing had really been done yet. (18) Not once has he been able to convey that slight delight that arises from the sight of a rainbow, from the sounds of peasant girls in the thicket, from the simplest phenomena of the surrounding life.

(19) The simpler what he saw, the more difficult it was to set to music. (20) How to convey at least yesterday’s incident, when he took refuge from the pouring rain in the hut of the tracker Tikhon! (21) Fenya, Tikhon’s daughter, a girl of about fifteen, ran into the hut. (22) Raindrops were dripping from her hair. (23) Two drops hung on the tips of the small ears. (24) When the sun hit from behind a cloud, the drops in Feni’s ears sparkled like diamond earrings.

(25) But Fenya shook off the drops, it was all over, and he realized that no amount of music could convey the beauty of these fleeting drops.

(26) No, obviously, this is not given to him. (27) He never waited for inspiration. (28) He worked, worked, like a day laborer, like an ox, and inspiration was born in the work.

(29) Perhaps most of all, forests, clearings, thickets, abandoned roads, this amazing air and always a little sad Russian sunsets helped him. (30) He will not exchange these foggy dawns for any magnificent gilded sunsets of Italy. (31) He completely gave his heart to Russia - its forests and villages, outskirts, paths and songs. (32) But every day he is increasingly tormented by the inability to express all the poetry of his country. (33) He must achieve this. (34) You just need to not spare yourself.

(According to K.G. Paustovsky) *

* Paustovsky Konstantin Georgievich (1892–1968) - Russian Soviet writer, classic of Russian literature.

COMPOSITION

Art is a creative reflection of reality in artistic images. True art plays a big role in a person's life. What can inspire a creator? What helps him create his masterpieces? First of all, the impulses of creativity in a person are awakened by nature.

The text by K. G. Paustovsky tells about the great composer - P. I. Tchaikovsky, for whom Russian nature became a source of inspiration. Forests, clearings, thickets, roads, air, sunsets helped him create his musical masterpieces... He loved Russia very much, saw a special poetry in it and sought to express it in music.

Russian nature inspired not only composers, but also many poets, one of whom is Sergei Yesenin. Not a single poem by the master of words is complete without pictures of nature: she shares the poet’s joy and sorrow, warns him, instills hope in him, cries over his unfulfilled dreams. Nature is not only the “cradle” and the poetic school of S. Yesenin, it is the soul of Yesenin’s poems, the source that feeds the poet’s lyrical feelings.

Thus, creativity and nature are inseparable. (144 words)