Most of us love music, many admire and understand it, and some people have a musical education and have mastered the ability to play musical instruments. However, the smallest percentage of the most talented members of the human race are able to compose melodies that fit through the ages. Some of these people were born in Ukraine, in its picturesque corners. In the article we will talk about Ukrainian composers of the 20th century, and not only, who glorified Ukraine to the whole world.

Valentin Silvestrov (1937)

The famous Ukrainian composer was born in 1937 and still lives in Kyiv. The genius of musical art is famous all over the world. We hear his music in pictures:

• "Two in one";
• "Tuner";
• "Chekhov's motives";
• "Three stories".

Estonian colleague Theodor Adorno considers him the most interesting of all the composers of the modern world. In his work there are requiems, poems for orchestra, symphonies, and his "Four Songs on the Verses of Mandelstam" are known and appreciated all over the world. Experts consider the piece of music to be unique in its simplicity.

Miroslav Skorik (1938)

The 77-year-old modern Ukrainian composer lived a difficult life, but managed to maintain the fortitude and sense of beauty that imbued his works.

He wrote melodies for the legendary film "Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors", created a musical cycle called "In the Carpathians". His Carpathian Rhapsody for Violin and Piano made him famous as one of the best Ukrainian composers of the 20th century in the whole world.

Miroslav's parents were intellectuals and were educated in Vienna. Skoryk is the great-nephew of Solomiya Krushelnitskaya, which he is immensely proud of.

Nikolai Kolessa (1903-2006)

The Ukrainian composer, who was born in the city of Sambir, Lviv region, lived to be one hundred and two years old! This man is amazing in his versatility. In his youth, he graduated from the Medical University in Krakow. On this, his education did not end, he enters the faculty of philosophy and Slavic studies at a higher educational institution in Prague. Kolessa was also trained by the legendary Italian Marietta de Gelli, who is a world famous pianist.

Whoever Nikolai Filaretovich was during his long life. He conducted at the Lviv Philharmonic and the Opera Theatre. Under his authorship, many methodological manuals have been published. Nikolai Kolessa also wrote the melody for the painting "Ivan Franko".

Sergei Prokofiev (1891-1953)

He was a truly outstanding Ukrainian composer. The classics, on which his mother, a talented pianist, brought up, influenced the filigree of his works. Mom started teaching Sergei how to play the piano at the age of five. He wrote his first operas - "The Giant" and "On the Deserted Islands" - at the age of nine.

Sergei Prokofiev is world famous for his operas:

• "A Tale of a Real Man";
• "Love for Three Oranges";
• "War and Peace".

He also wrote music for the ballet "The Tale of the Stone Flower", "Cinderella" and "Romeo and Juliet".

Nikolai Leontovich (1877-1921)

There are few instruments that this Ukrainian composer did not own: piano, violin, wind instruments... He can be safely called a "man-orchestra". In his youth, in the village of Chukovi, where he lived with his family, he independently created a symphony orchestra.

Thanks to this man, the Ukrainian carol sounded in many foreign films. This is the famous "Shchedryk", which is known all over the world as Carol The Bells. The melody has many arrangements, and it is rightfully considered a Christmas anthem.

Reinhold Gliere (1874-1956)

He comes from the family of a Saxon subject and a citizen of Kiev by passport. Gliere grew up in a musical environment. The men in his family were engaged in the manufacture of musical instruments. Gliere's works are heard all over the world. Austria, Denmark, Germany, France, Greece applaud him. One of the music schools in Kyiv bears the name of this composer.

Nikolai Lysenko (1842-1912)

Lysenko was not only a composer, he also made a great contribution to musical ethnography. In the collection of Nikolai there are a lot of folk songs, rituals, carols. In addition to music, he was fond of pedagogy, believing that there is no one more important than children.

There was in his life a period of teaching at the Kiev Institute of Noble Maidens. 1904 was a landmark year for him - he opened his own School of Music and Drama.

Most of all, Lysenko glorified his "Children's Anthem". Now it is known all over the world as "Prayer for Ukraine". In addition, Nikolai took an active civic position and took part in social activities.

Mikhail Verbitsky (1815-1870)

Verbitsky was a deeply religious person. Religion occupied a leading place in his life. He was the director of the choir in the seminary, he composed musical works for worship. His creative heritage also includes romances. Verbitsky played the guitar perfectly and adored this instrument. He created many works for strings.

Fame came to Verbitsky after he wrote the music for the anthem of Ukraine. The lyrics for the anthem were composed by Pavel Chubinsky. The exact date of writing the song "Ukraine has not died yet" is unknown. There is information that it was the period 1862-1864.

For the first time, the future anthem sounded on March 10, 1865 in the city of Przemysl. It was the first concert in the lands of Western Ukrainians dedicated to the work of Taras Grigorovich Shevchenko. Verbitsky himself at the concert was in the choir, the conductor of which was Anatoly Vakhnyanin. Young people liked the song, and for a long time many considered it folk.

Artemy Vedel (1767-1808)

Artemy, in addition to the composer's gift, had a beautiful high voice and sang in the choir. In the capital of Ukraine, in 1790, he became the head of the choir of "soldiers' children and free people."

For eight years he taught vocals at the Kharkov Collegium, in addition, he led the choirs of church choristers.

He created 29 choral concertos for the church. At performances, he often led tenor solos himself. Wedel's works were greatly influenced by folk song.

Dmitry Bortnyansky (1751-1825)

As a child, he received an excellent education. Little Dmitry was lucky. He graduated from the legendary Glukhov school. Dmitry had a truly beautiful voice. He had a great treble. His voice was amazingly clear and flowed like a stream. The teachers loved and appreciated Bortyansky.

In 1758 he was sent with choristers to the chapel of St. Petersburg. The mother crossed her son, gave him a modest bundle of food and kissed him. Seven-year-old Dima never saw his parents again.

His talent allowed him to study abroad. To comprehend the basics of musical skill, he went to Venice, Naples, Rome.

Alas, most of Bortnyansky's secular works have not survived to this day. They were kept in the archives of the St. Petersburg Singing Chapel, which refused to put them on public display. The archive was disbanded, and the works of the legendary author simply disappeared in an unknown direction.

Musicality is one of the characteristic features of the Ukrainian people.

Music in Ukraine appeared during the time of Kievan Rus and in its development covers almost all types of musical art - folk and professional, academic and popular music. Today, diverse Ukrainian music sounds in Ukraine and far beyond its borders, develops in folk and professional traditions, and is the subject of scientific research.

folk music

Initial development period

Musical traditions on the territory of modern Ukraine have existed since prehistoric times. Musical instruments found by Kyiv archaeologists near Chernigov - rattles from mammoth tusks date back to the 18th millennium BC. The flutes found at the site of Molodovo in the Chernivtsi region are attributed to the same time.

The frescoes of St. Sophia of Kiev (XI century) depict musicians playing various wind, percussion and stringed (similar to harps and lutes) instruments, as well as dancing buffoons. These frescoes testify to the genre diversity of the musical culture of Kievan Rus. Chronicles mention of the singers Boyan and Mitus date back to the 12th century.

In general, primitive music had a syncretic character - song, dance and poetry were merged and most often accompanied rituals, ceremonies, labor process, etc. In the minds of people, music and musical instruments played an important role as amulets during spells and prayers. In music, people saw protection from evil spirits, from bad sleep, from the evil eye. There were also special magical melodies to ensure the fertility of the soil and the fertility of livestock.

Soloists and other singers began to stand out in the primitive game. The development of primitive music became the source from which folk musical culture arose. This music gave rise to national musical systems and national features of the musical language.

The practice of folk song that existed in ancient times on the territory of Ukraine can be judged from ancient ritual songs. Many of them reflect the integral worldview of primitive man, and reveal his attitude to nature and natural phenomena.

The original national style is most fully represented by the songs of the central Dnieper region. They are characterized by melodic ornamentation, vocalization of vowels. Connections with Belarusian and Russian folklore are clearly traced in the folklore of Polesye.

In the Carpathians and in the Carpathians, special song styles developed. They are defined as Hutsul and Lemko dialects.

Ukrainian folk songs are divided into many diverse genres, which have certain characteristics. In this understanding, the most typical genres of Ukrainian songs are:

• Calendar and ceremonial- stoneflies, schedrivkas, gaivkas, carols, kupala, obzhinkovye and others

• Family ritual And household- wedding, comic, dance (including kolomiykas), ditties, lullabies, funeral, lamentations, etc.

• Serf life- Chumatsky, Naimitsky, Burlatsky, etc.;
• historical songs And thoughts
• Soldier life- recruit, soldier, archery;
• Lyric songs and ballads.

Dumas and historical songs

In the XV-XVI centuries, historical thoughts and songs became one of the most striking phenomena of Ukrainian folk music, a kind of symbol of national history and culture.

The creators and performers of historical songs and thoughts, psalms, cants were called kobzars. They played the kobza or bandura, which became an element of the national heroic-patriotic epic, the freedom-loving character and the purity of the moral thoughts of the people.

Great attention in the thoughts turned to the fight against the Turks and Poles. The “Tatar” cycle includes such well-known thoughts as “About Samoil Koshka”, “About the Three Brothers of Azov”, “About the Storm on the Black Sea”, “About Marusya Boguslavka” and others. In the "Polish" cycle, the central place is occupied by the events of the People's Liberation War of 1648-1654, a special place is occupied by folk heroes - Nechay, Krivonos, Khmelnitsky. Later, new cycles of thoughts appeared - about the Swede, about the Sich and its destruction, about the work on the canals, about the haidamatch, about panshchina and freedom.

Already in the XIV-XVII and XVIII centuries, Ukrainian musicians became famous outside of Ukraine. Their names can be found in the chronicles of those times among court musicians, including those at the court of Polish kings and Russian emperors. The most famous kobza players are Timofei Belogradsky (famous lute player, 18th century), Andrey Shut (19th century), Ostap Veresai (19th century) and others.

Folk musicians united in brotherhoods: song workshops that had their own charter and protected their interests. These brotherhoods developed especially in the 17th-18th centuries, and existed until the very beginning of the 20th century, until they were destroyed by the Soviet authorities.

Instrumental folklore and folk instruments

Instrumental folklore occupies an important place in Ukrainian musical culture. The musical instrumentation of Ukraine is very rich and varied. It includes a wide range of wind, string and percussion instruments. A significant part of Ukrainian folk musical instruments comes from the instruments of the times of Rus', other instruments (for example, the violin) were adopted on Ukrainian soil later, although then they became the basis of new traditions and performance features.

The most ancient layers of Ukrainian instrumental folklore are associated with calendar holidays and rituals, which were accompanied by marching (marches for processions, congratulatory marches) and dance music (hopachkas, cossacks, kolomiykas, polechkas, waltzes, doves, lassoes, etc.) and song- instrumental music to listen to. Traditional ensembles most often consisted of trios of instruments, such as violin, sniff and tambourine. The performance of music also involves a certain amount of improvisation.

During prayers in domestic conditions (in the house, on the street, near the church), lyre, kobza and bandura were often used to accompany the cants and psalms.

During the time of the Zaporizhzhya Sich, timpani, drums, Cossack antimony and pipes sounded in the orchestras of the Zaporizhzhya Host, and the timpani were among the kleinods of the Zaporizhzhya Sich, that is, they were among the symbols of the Cossack statehood.

Instrumental music has also become an integral part of urban culture. In addition to national instruments such as violins and banduras, urban culture is represented by such instruments as table-like harp, zither, torban. They sang laudatory songs, city songs and romances, religious chants to their accompaniment.

Ukrainian folklore

In the 20th century, many professional and amateur groups of Ukraine turned to the topic of Ukrainian folklore, and ensembles were also created in emigre circles of foreign countries. A feature of the representation of folklore traditions in the forms of academic music-making has become characteristic.

So, at the beginning of the 20th century, the Ukrainian ethnic music ensemble led by Pavel Gumenyuk from Philadelphia gained popularity in the United States. Ukrainian traditions have been preserved in the work of such Ukrainian-American musicians from New York, Cleveland, Detroit, Zinovy ​​Shtokalko, Hryhoriy Kitasty, Yulian Kitasty, Viktor Mishalov and others.

In Soviet Ukraine, many groups were also created that specialized in adaptations of Ukrainian folk songs and dances, as well as works by Ukrainian composers in a similar style: Ukrainian folk instrument orchestras, song and dance ensembles, folk choirs, etc.

Ukrainian folk song formed the basis of the works of many Ukrainian composers. The most famous adaptations of Ukrainian songs belong to N. Lysenko and N. Leontovich, a significant contribution to the study and collection of folk art was made by domestic folklorists - Filaret Kolesa, Kliment Kvitka.

Since the 1980s there is an increase in interest in authentic forms of folk music making. The Drevo group, founded in 1979 and headed by professor of the Kyiv Conservatory E. Efremov, is considered to be the pioneers of this direction. In the 2000s, such ethnic music festivals arose in Ukraine as„ Country of Dreams" And„ Sheshory”, where folk music sounds both in authentic performance and in various versions of rock or pop styles. The organizers of the festival "Sheshory" decided to give their offspring a new name - "ArtPole". The fact is that since 2003 the festival was held in the village of Sheshory, Ivano-Frankivsk region, but since 2007 it settled in the village of Vorobievka (Vinnitsa region). "In recent years, the festival has begun to move away from the purely ethnic style in which the Sheshors were born, so we decided that it was time to emphasize the new face of our festival, changing its name after the format. In addition, it is more correct in relation to to those, real, geographical Sheshors, who remained in the Ivano-Frankivsk region", - said the director of the festival "ArtPole-2009" Olga Mikhailyk.

Among modern groups of authentic singing, the groups "Bozhychi", "Volodar", "Buttya" should be mentioned. Ethnic motifs are used by the Tartak, Vopli Vidoplyasova, Vopli Vidoplyasova, Mandri, Haydamaki, Ocheretyany Kit groups, the original layering of elements is offered by the DakhaBrakha group.

The rise of professional music

There is information about the professional musical art of the East Slavic tribes from the time of Rus'. With the adoption of Christianity at the end of the 10th century, church singing appeared on the territory of modern Ukraine, which was formed under the influence of Byzantine and Slavic folk music. In the XII-XVII centuries, the monophonic “znamenny chant” spread in Orthodox churches, which also significantly influenced the work of composers of subsequent eras.

XVII - XVIII centuries

In the Baroque era, monophonic znamenny singing was replaced by multi-voiced parterre singing, which contributed to the development of the major-minor system, and on the basis of which the style of the sacred concert developed. Among the outstanding musical figures of that time was Nikolai Diletsky, the author of the Musician Grammar (1675).

An important event of that time was the opening in 1632 of the Kiev-Mohyla Academy, where, among others, musical subjects were also taught. Pupils of the academy popularized the nativity scene, and later - kanty. Among the graduates of the Academy were many artists, including composers Grigory Skovoroda, Artemy Vedel.

Secular professional vocal and instrumental music, which existed in the estates and military units, began to develop in the cities from the 17th century. Workshops of musicians appeared, and orchestras and chapels were created under the magistrates. On the basis of folk song and Kantian traditions in the 18th and early 19th centuries, the song-romance to the verses of various poets became widespread. One of the first in this genre began to create Grigory Skovoroda, who introduced civil, philosophical and lyrical themes into the song genre.

Of particular importance in the Ukrainian musical culture of the 18th century was the Hlukhiv song school, created on the initiative of Daniil Apostol in 1730, which was taught by Dmitry Bortnyansky, Maxim Berezovsky and Artemy Vedel. After graduating from the Glukhov school, Bortnyansky and Berezovsky continued their studies at Italian music schools, which were the centers of European music of that time.

Combining the traditions of partes singing and modern techniques of European writing determined the uniqueness of the work of these composers. Having become the court bandmaster in St. Petersburg, and since 1796 - the head of the court chapel, formed almost exclusively from students of the Glukhov school, Bortnyansky greatly influenced the development of Russian musical culture. He also became the first composer of the Russian Empire, whose musical works began to be published.

19th - early 20th century

The 19th century in the history of music was marked by the emergence of many national schools on the world stage, which was associated with the growth of the national self-consciousness of European peoples. Following the Polish and Russian, the Ukrainian national school of composers also appeared.

Following the Ukrainian writers and poets, professional musicians of the 19th century began to turn to folk themes, to process folk songs, which were performed by talented amateurs accompanied by folk instruments - kobza, bandura, cymbals, violins, lyres, etc. At the beginning of the 19th century, Ukrainian music appeared the first symphonic and chamber-instrumental works, among the authors of which are I. M. Vitkovsky, A. I. Galenkovsky, Ilya and Alexander Lizoguby.

The basis for the development of national professional music was the activity of Mykola Lysenko, who created classical samples of works in different genres: 9 operas, piano and instrumental, choral and vocal works, a work based on the words of Ukrainian poets, including those on the words of Taras Shevchenko. He also became the organizer of a music school in Kyiv (1904; from 1918 - Lysenko Music and Drama Institute).

At the beginning of the 20th century, a galaxy of Ukrainian performers gained worldwide fame. Among them are singers Solomiya Krushelnitskaya, O. Petrusenko, Z. Gaidai, M. Litvinenko-Wolgemut, singers M. E. Mentsinsky, A. F. Mishuga, I. Patorzhinsky, B. Gmyrya, pianist Vladimir Horowitz, choir conductor A. A. Koshits. Outside of Ukraine, choral arrangements by N. D. Leontovich became known.

The period of the Ukrainian Revolution (1917-1918) saw the creation of a number of artistic groups and the emergence of a new generation of Ukrainian cultural figures. The Government of the Ukrainian State consistently supported cultural life, including the art of music, as evidenced by the Decree of the Council of Ministers on the mobilization of the literary, scientific, artistic and technical forces of Ukraine. Also, by decree of Pavel Skoropadsky in 1918, the State Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine was founded, the first conductor of which was Alexander Gorily, the Ukrainian State Capella, the First and Second National Choirs. The Kiev Opera was renamed into the Ukrainian Drama and Opera Theatre. A significant number of world-famous operas have been translated into Ukrainian. Also in 1918, the kobzar choir was founded, later known as the National Honored Bandura Choir of Ukraine named after I. G. I. Mayborody.

The arrival of Soviet power to the lands of Ukraine was marked by several tragic events. In 1921, N. Leontovich was killed by an agent of the Cheka, and in 1928 the activities of the society named after him were banned. In the 1930s, the Soviet authorities destroyed several hundred bandura players, kobzars and lyre players, and in 1938 the musician and ethnographer Gnat Khotkevich was shot. In general, the twenties and thirties in Ukrainian culture are called the “Executed Renaissance”

At the same time, the Soviet government opened a number of musical institutions in different cities of Ukraine. Among them are opera and ballet theaters in Kharkov (1925), Poltava (1928), Vinnitsa (1929), Dnepropetrovsk (1931), Donetsk (1941), choir and symphony groups.

Starting from the second half of the 1930s, the musical art of Soviet Ukraine developed mainly in line with socialist realism, which became the only creative method of literature and art officially permitted in the USSR. Cultural figures who deviated from this method were subjected to severe criticism and persecution.

At the same time, a mass Soviet song arose in Ukraine, one of the first creators of which was Konstantin Boguslavsky. In the 1930s, the first operas on Soviet themes appeared, including Shchors by B. Lyatoshinsky (1930), Perekop by Y. Meitus (1937). Songs dedicated to the Communist Party and its leaders have become entrenched in the repertoires of professional and amateur groups.

A significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian musical art was made by the composer and teacher Mykola Vilinsky (a student of Vitold Malyshevsky), who worked first at the Odessa and then at the Kyiv Conservatory.

In the post-war period, prominent Ukrainian composers included Hryhoriy Veryovka, the brothers Georgiy and Platon Mayborody, Konstantin Dankevich, A. Ya. Shtogarenko, and others. Among the well-known performers was the Ukrainian tenor Ivan Kozlovsky. Claudia Shulzhenko, a native of Kharkiv region, became widely known thanks to the performance of front-line songs.

The 1960s became the time of the breakthrough of the Ukrainian musical school on the world stage, the penetration of the newest trends in European music into Ukrainian music. In Kyiv, the Kiev Avant-Garde group was created, which included Valentin Silvestrov, Leonid Grabovsky and Vitaly Godzyatsky. Due to discrepancies with the official musical circles of the USSR, members of the Kiev Avant-garde succumbed to pressure of various kinds, in connection with which the group eventually broke up. The national school of vocal art received world recognition. In parallel with the formation of pop music in Western countries, in Ukraine, as well as in other countries, the Soviet variety art flourished. The work of Vladimir Ivasyuk, the author of more than 100 songs, whose life was tragically cut short in 1979, stands out in particular.

Among the songwriters of those years, AI Bilash, V. Vermenich, and later I. Karabits are also known. In the same years, pop singers - Sofia Rotaru, Nazariy Yaremchuk, Vasily Zinkevich, Igor Belozir, Taras Petrinenko, Alla Kudlay and others - gained popularity.

Contemporary music

As a legacy from the USSR, Ukraine received an extensive system of educational and concert musical organizations, which are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Ukraine. Among them:

Theaters

* opera houses in Kyiv, Kharkov, Lvov, Odessa, Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk

* theaters of musical comedy in Kharkov and Odessa, as well as an operetta theater in Kyiv

* Children's musical theater in Kyiv

Concert institutions

* National Philharmonic and Philharmonic in all regional centers of Ukraine,

* Houses of organ and chamber music in Kyiv, Dnepropetrovsk, Bila Tserkva, Lvov, and Kharkov

* palaces of culture and houses of culture in many cities of Ukraine.

Musical educational institutions

The training of professional musicians is carried out by:

* Conservatories (music academies) in Kyiv, Odessa, Lvov, Donetsk, Dnepropetrovsk

* Music faculties at Kharkiv University of Arts and Kiev University of Culture

* Musical schools in different cities of Ukraine.

Concert bands

As of 2008, there are 9 national and 2 state teams in Ukraine. Of these, 10 are located in Kyiv and one - in Odessa:

* National Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine

* National Odessa Philharmonic Orchestra

* National Honored Academic Chapel of Ukraine "Dumka"

* National Honored Academic Ukrainian Folk Choir. Grigory Veryovka

* National Honored Bandurist Choir of Ukraine named after I. G. I. Maiborody

* National Ensemble of Soloists "Kyivska Camerata"

* National Honored Academic Dance Ensemble of Ukraine named after. P.P. Virsky

* National Orchestra of Folk Instruments of Ukraine

* National Academic Brass Band of Ukraine

* State Variety Symphony Orchestra of Ukraine

* State Academic Men's Choir of Ukraine. L. Revutsky

In addition, there are many municipal groups, groups at regional philharmonics, houses of organ and chamber music, etc.

Music associations

Two creative musical unions have national status:

* National Union of Composers of Ukraine and

* National All-Ukrainian Musical Union

Popular music

Almost all musical trends are represented on the modern Ukrainian stage: from folk to acid jazz. The club culture is actively developing. Many Ukrainian pop artists - Sofia Rotaru, Irina Bilyk, Alexander Ponomarev, VIA Gra, Ruslana, Ani Lorak, Nadezhda Granovskaya-Meikher, Alena Vinnitskaya, Anna Sedokova, Svetlana Loboda, Vera Brezhneva-Galushka, Verka Serduchka - have long gained popularity outside Ukraine, especially in the CIS. Popular music is presented at the festivals "Chervona Ruta", "Tavria Games", "Seagull" and others.

Performers from Ukraine adequately represented Ukraine at the Eurovision Song Contest. So Ruslana, having synthesized the folklore motives of the Carpathians in her music, became the winner of the Eurovision Song Contest 2004, and won the right for Ukraine to host the next contest - Eurovision 2005. At Eurovision 2007, Verka Serdyuchka took second place.

Ukrainian rock music is also developing. Among the most famous groups are “Okean Elzy”, “Vopli Vidoplyasova”, “Tank on the Maidan Congo”, “Krykhitka Tsakhes”, “Skryabin”, “Tartak”, “Lament of Yeremia”, “Komu Down”, BadloV, “Lama” (Lama). Ukrainian rock festivals "Rock Existence", "Taras Bulba" and others are regularly held.

Purely vocal ensembles, such as the Picardy Third and the Mensound, are also becoming popular. The art of jazz is also represented in Ukraine - international jazz music festivals are held in different cities of the country, among them the most famous are Jazz Bez and Jazz Koktebel. A significant contribution to the popularization of the jazz movement in Ukraine was made by Volodymyr Symonenko and Aleksey Kogan.

The trend of using folklore by modern Ukrainian performers is becoming more and more expressive. One of the first folk motifs in rock music began to be used in the second half of the 1980s by the Vopli Vidoplyasova group. Based on the folklore basis, new original music is created by the Scriabin, Mandri, Gaidamaki groups, performers Taras Chubai, Maria Burmaka and many others. Evidence of the growing interest in folklore was the founding of two ethnic music festivals in Ukraine - "The Land of Dreams" in Kyiv and "Sheshory" in the Ivano-Frankivsk region.

Labels

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, a number of music labels were created in Ukraine, including Gallicia Distribution (Lviv), Lavinamusic, Origen Music, Moon Records, Nexsound (Kyiv), Metal Scrap Production (Ternopil), OMS Records (Zhytomyr), Wolf song production (Dnepropetrovsk) and others.

Ukrainian labels are competing on the domestic market with the main players in the global audio market - Majors Universal, EMI, Sony/BMG, Warner. The Ukrainian music media market in 2005 amounted to about 10 million licensed discs and cassettes, the fight against piracy led to the fact that the share of pirated products in the Ukrainian market is up to 40% (in Western Europe - 10-15%).

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OH DIVCHINO, NOISE GUY

"Oh girl, make some noise,
Whom do you love - forget it, forget it!
Oh girl, make some noise,
Whom do you love - forget it!"

"Let's make some more noise,
Whom I love - my future, my future!
Let's make some more noise,
Whom I love - my future!"

"Oh divchino, my heart,
Chi pidesh ti for me, for me?
Oh girl, my heart,
What are you going for me?"

"I'm not singing for you, -
Nema hati you have, you have.
I'm not singing for you -
You have no hati."

Let's go, heart, to someone else's,
While I wake up, I wake up.
Let's go, heart, to someone else's,
For now, I'll wake up mine."

"Having set up a hut from lobodi,
And do not lead to someone else, do not lead.
Putting a hut out of lobodi,
Don't take someone else!"

"Such a strange house,
Yak mother-in-law dashing, dashing.
Such a strange house
Yak is a dashing mother-in-law.

Hotch don't bark, so grumble,
But all the same, don’t speak out, don’t speak.
Hotch don't bark, so grumble,
But still, don’t speak out.”

BLACK EYEBROWS, BROWN EYES

Remain 2 rows
skin couplet - dvіchі

Shine into the soul, like two dawns.
Chi is snailed in you, as if it were disgusting,
Chi, can you tell me the healers? Black eyebrows - seam stitches, All bіlki you I love- Brown eyes, girls eyes, "Be healthy, sudidko,

Love, sweetheart, girly,

Oh wow, you garnesenka,

Like a little snow, little white! "Godі, godі fry,

Axis go and old mother!

"Oh, be healthy, mother,

I arrived in Hannus! Oh, be healthy, mother,

I arrived in Gannus.

I want to be with you.

Be my little one!”

Famous Ukrainian composers The 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries made a significant contribution to the development of culture. They created and thereby glorified our Motherland. Therefore, today we will determine who are the outstanding Ukrainian composers.

FAMOUS UKRAINIAN COMPOSERS

1. Semyon Gulak-Artemovsky

Semyon Stepanovich Gulak-Artemovsky (1813-1873) - Ukrainian composer, singer, baritone (bass-baritone), dramatic artist, playwright, nephew of the writer P. P. Gulak-Artemovsky, author of one of the first operas based on the Ukrainian-language libretto of the opera Zaporozhets for Danube".
Gulak-Artemovsky left for Italy, where, after two years of study, he made his debut at the Florentine opera (1841). A significant place in the composer's work is occupied by ukrainian songs, in particular “There is a sycamore above the water”, “I don’t feel like sleeping”, “On the mountain and the reapers are reaping”- a rhapsody from a collection of seven songs under the general title "Ukrainian wedding". Hulak-Artemovsky visited Ukraine in 1843 to select singers and in 1850, when he toured with an Italian opera troupe.

2. Boris Lotoshinsky

Boris Nikolaevich Lotoshinsky (1894-1968) - Ukrainian composer, conductor and teacher, one of the founders of modernism in Ukrainian classical music.
A multiple jury member of international competitions, an active worker in the governing bodies of the Union of Composers of Ukraine and the Kiev Conservatory, Lotoshinsky brought up a new galaxy of composers: I. Shamo, V. Silvestrov, I. Karabits, E. Stankovich, A. Kanershtein.
He was awarded the titles of Honored Artist of the Ukrainian SSR (1945), People's Artist of the Ukrainian SSR (1968), State Prize of the USSR (1946, 1952) and the Ukrainian SSR. T. G. Shevchenko (1971).
Created operas "Golden hoop"(based on the story of Ivan Franko "Zakhar Berkut", 1929), Shchors("Commander", lib. I. Kocherga and Rylsky, 1937). Wrote works for choir and orchestra: "Ceremonial Cantata"(words by M. Rylsky, 1939), "Will"(words by T. Shevchenko. 1939);

3. Miroslav Skorik

Miroslav Mikhailovich Skorik (1938) - composer and musicologist, Hero of Ukraine, People's Artist of Ukraine, laureate of the Prize. T. G. Shevchenko, candidate of art criticism, co-chairman of the Union of Composers of Ukraine in 2006-2010, artistic director of the Kyiv Opera (since 2011). Great-nephew of Solomiya Krushelnitskaya.
Notable works: opera "Moses"(Libretto by B. Stelmakh after I. Franko, 2001), ballets "Bricklayers"(according to I. Franko, 1967); "Suite" (1961); "Melody" for violin and orchestra, etc.

4. Valentin Sivelstrov

Valentin Vasilyevich Sivelstrov (1937) - Ukrainian composer.
The composer is characterized by a technique in music - avant-garde, which he refuses in the 1970s, preferring postmodernism. The author himself calls his style "meta-music". The music of this period is dominated by meditative, contemplative moods.
Valentin Silvestrov - laureate of the International Prize. S. Koussevitzky (USA, 1967), International Competition for Composers "Gaudeamus" (Netherlands, 1970), State Prize of Ukraine named after. T. Shevchenko (1995), People's Artist of Ukraine (1989). He was awarded the Order of Merit, III degree (1997), Yaroslav the Wise, V degree (2007). Honorary Doctor honoris causa of the National University "Kyiv-Mohyla Academy" (2011). Sivelstrov is the author of music for many films.
The most famous works:“Quiet Songs”, “Old Ballad”, “Ode to a Nightingale”, “Music in the Old Style”, etc.

5. Dremlyuga Nikolay

Dremlyuga Mykola Vasilyevich (1917-1998) - Ukrainian composer, teacher, musical and public figure, author of the first bandura concerto, member of the National Union of Composers of Ukraine.
In 1946 he graduated from the Kyiv Conservatory in the composition class of L. Revutsky and the Faculty of History and Theory. Artist of the Ukrainian SSR (1972) People's Artist of Ukraine (1993); Laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine named after T. G. Shevchenko (1998, for Symphony No. 3, dedicated to the memory of the victims of the Holodomor of 1932-1933 in Ukraine).
Artworks: oratorio "Lenin" (1970); "Under the Golden Eagle" (1957); suite "In Poland" (1962), etc.

6. Evgeny Stankovich

Evgeny Fedorovich Stankovich (1942) - Ukrainian composer, chairman of the National Union of Composers of Ukraine (since 2005), Honored Artist of the Ukrainian SSR (1980), People's Artist of the Ukrainian SSR (1986), Hero of Ukraine (2008).
He studied at a music school, studied composition with Adam Soltys at the Mykola Lysenko Lviv State Conservatory.
Yevgeny Stankovich is the author of 6 symphonies and 10 chamber symphonies, opera, 5 ballets, instrumental concertos, film music, etc.
Notable works: folk-opera "When the Fern Blooms" (1978); for soloists, two mixed choirs "Requiem for those who died of starvation" (1992); for string instruments Symphony No. 4 (Sinfonia lirica) (1977) and others.

7. Vladimir Ivasyuk

Vladimir Mikhailovich Ivasyuk (1949-1979) - Ukrainian composer and poet. Hero of Ukraine (2009, posthumously).
One of the founders of Ukrainian pop music (pop music). Author of 107 songs, 53 instrumental works, music for several performances. A professional physician, a violinist, he perfectly played the piano, cello, guitar, masterfully performed his songs. Extraordinary artist.
Awards: diploma winner of the All-Union Review of Young Composers (1978), laureate of the Republican Komsomol Prize named after. N. Ostrovsky (1988, posthumously) laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine. T. G. Shevchenko (1994, posthumously).
Artworks:"Chervona Ruta", "Vodogray", "Ballad of Mallow", Suite Variations for chamber orchestra (1977), etc.

8. Alexander Kozarenko

Alexander Vladimirovich Kozarenko (1963) - Ukrainian composer, pianist, musicologist.
He graduated from the Lviv Musical College and the Kyiv Conservatory and postgraduate studies, piano class. Trained at the University of Würzburg (Germany, 2004). Doctor of Arts (2001).
Laureate of the All-Ukrainian Piano Competition. N. Lysenko (1984), winner of the All-Russian competition of chamber ensembles (1986). Laureate of State Prizes of Ukraine for composition: them. L. Revutsky (1996) and them. N. Lysenko (2001). Member of the National Union of Composers of Ukraine and the New Music Association. A significant influence on the work of A. Kozarenko was made by many years of cooperation with theater groups, the fruits of which are music for more 50 performances.

Also, a significant contribution to the development of art was made by such composers as: L. Dichko, A. Zagaykevich, A. Bilash, V. Kosenko, M. Kolessa, T. Petrinenko and others.

For the first time NV presents a special project Top 100 People of Culture - the highest echelon of the Russian artistic world, which has made a significant contribution to art and literature, primarily over the past five years. Within its framework, the editors of NV named the twenty best musicians in the country - not as a rating, but as a selection in alphabetical order

Anthony Baryshevsky

Pianist, 25 years old

Antony Baryshevsky is one of the youngest members of the "cultural" hundred of NV, which does not prevent the metropolitan virtuoso pianist from being among the most titled.

People started talking about Baryshevsky back in 2000, when the 11-year-old (at that time) musician at the International Piano Competition in memory of Vladimir Horowitz received a special prize in the nomination Horowitz debut.

Since then, Baryshevsky has participated in many international competitions in different countries, as a result, he became a laureate of almost two dozen international competitions.

In 2013-2014 alone, the pianist won five foreign awards at once: he won the international piano competitions in Paris and the Arthur Rubinstein competition in Tel Aviv, brought the first prize from the Interlaken Classics competition in Bern, Switzerland and the Grand Prix of the international music competition in Morocco, and also received second prize at the European Piano Evenings Piano Competition (Luxembourg).

Since 2012, Baryshevsky has been a soloist with the National Philharmonic of Ukraine. He also tours abroad a lot - both solo and with orchestras. The talented Kiev resident has performed in concert halls in France, Italy, Switzerland, Denmark, Iceland, Serbia, Romania, Poland, Spain, Germany, Belgium, Morocco, Israel, and the USA.

Svyatoslav Vakarchuk

For several years now, the adjective cult has stuck to the name of the main Ukrainian rock musician Svyatoslav Vakarchuk. In those days when the success of musicians was determined by the number of records sold, the albums of the Vakarchuk group Ocean Elzy dispersed hundreds of thousands of copies and received the status of platinum.

Now that the era of listening to music online has come, the impressive numbers of attendance at the band's concerts eloquently speak of national love. This summer, concerts within the framework of the tour dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the group, which took place in five cities of Ukraine, were attended by a quarter of a million listeners. And the Kiev show broke the record in the history of Ukrainian show business - listen oceans at the NSC Olympic 75 thousand people came.

In the context of the revolutionary and military events taking place in the country, Vakarchuk's songs have acquired special significance for most Ukrainians. Millions of compatriots associate his work with the desire for changes that the country is waiting for, and the civic position of the musician is identified with his own.

In December 2013 Oceani performed on the Euromaidan stage, and now they perform their songs in front of the Ukrainian military and residents of cities liberated from terrorists in eastern Ukraine.

Evgeny Gudz

What for the Balkan peoples is Emir Kusturica with his No Smoking Orchestra, for the Ukrainians it is Yevhen Hudz and his punk rock band Gogol Bordello. The Ukrainian, who moved to the United States in the late 1980s, interested the audience on both sides of the ocean with an explosive mixture of folk, rock, gypsy punk and carnival theatrical performances.

The most famous of the fans of the rampant Gudz is the pop star Madonna, who invited him to star in the title role in the film. Filth and Wisdom(2008), where the group's music became the main soundtrack, and the singer herself was the director. She sang with a Ukrainian during her solo concert London Live Earth at London's Wembley, and music magazine Rolling Stone included the band's music in the 50 best albums and 100 best songs of the year.

Since then, Gogol Bordello have recorded four full-length albums (seven in total), the last one being Pura Vida Conspiracy- came out in 2013.

And two years before it appeared the first non-English-language disc of the group My Gypsy, where Hudz included his version of the Kyiv Dynamo fan anthem and the song Kiev miy. Needless to say, the infrequent tours of the group in Ukraine always cause a stir, because in terms of the level of concert drive, few can be compared with Gudzia's company.

Jamala (Susana Jamaladinova)

It is not an easy task to preserve originality, to be original and at the same time recognized by a mass audience. On the Ukrainian stage, Jamala copes with it better than others. Since the triumph at the music competition New wave in Jurmala, where in 2009 Jamala received the Grand Prix, she is true to herself in the manner of performance, repertoire and closeness to her native Crimean Tatar roots.

The best evidence of Jamala's creative self-sufficiency is her two solo albums (For Every Heart, 2011 and All or Nothing, 2013), which are based on original compositions written by the singer herself. By the way, the singer sings in four languages ​​- Ukrainian, Russian, English and Crimean Tatar.

Jamala tirelessly experiments, performs at large concert venues and in front of the sophisticated audience of music festivals, such as Jazz Koktebel. In addition, she participates in opera productions and filming (soundtrack and role in the film guide Olesya Sanina).

Now the singer, who in 2011 was nominated for the MTV Europe Music Awards in the category Best Ukrainian artist, is preparing to release a new album, where he experiments with electronic music.

Alla Zagaykevich

Among modern Ukrainian composers, Alla Zagaykevich is considered, if not a star, then a bright talent. And multifaceted. She is known for her works of both classical instrumental music (both symphonic and chamber) and electronic. Moreover, the composer is often called the "godmother" of Ukrainian experimental electronics.

A few years ago, Zagaykevich, who heads the Ukrainian Association of Electro-Acoustic Music, founded her own Electro-Acoustic Ensemble, with which she recorded her debut disc Nord/Ouest in 2011.

At the same time, the work of Ukrainian women has long been noticed abroad. Zagaykevich is the winner of the international competition of modern classical and electro-acoustic music Musica Nova (2011). Her works are performed in France, Canada, Austria, and she herself regularly participates in foreign festivals, including Marathon of New Music in the Czech Republic, E-musika and Gaida in Lithuania, Takefu International Music Festival in Japan.

Kirill Karabits

By his 37 years, Kirill Karabits from Kiev has firmly established himself at the top of the international conductor's Olympus. For more than five years he has directed the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra, one of the oldest and most respected in the UK. In his resume - cooperation with leading instrumental groups in America, Europe and Asia.

Great success came to Cyril Karabits, the son of the eminent Ukrainian composer Ivan Karabits, with considerable difficulty. He studied in Kyiv and Vienna and won awards at prestigious international competitions several times. And then, having overcome the serious competition of 60 people for a place, he got the position of assistant conductor of the Budapest Festival Orchestra.

To date, Karabitz has a contract with the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra until 2016 and engagements of the best instrumental groups from Los Angeles to Tokyo. Last year he was recognized as the best conductor of the year by the Royal Philharmonic Society.

However, in the busy tour schedule of the musician there is always a place for the homeland - several times a year he performs in Kyiv together with local musicians. While abroad, the conductor supports Ukraine in ways accessible to a person of culture. For example, last spring he dedicated his concerts with the orchestras of German Essen and French Lille to the memory of the heroes of the Heavenly Hundred who died during the confrontations on the Kiev Maidan.

Like most Soviet children, Alexei Kogan attended a music school from an early age, where he mastered the violin without much desire. It didn’t work out like a violinist from him - Kogan jokes that he could only earn money with his playing for an inexpensive lunch. But he turned out, without exaggeration, the best jazz connoisseur in the country.

Once upon a time, a young resident of Kiev began to collect all available recordings of freedom-loving Western music that was then banned in the country. During the perestroika years, this unique collection made him a sought-after radio host - for several years he hosted daily broadcasts, in which he played his favorite music from his personal music library.

Now he participates in the organization of the main jazz festivals in Ukraine, including the Koktebel Jazz Festival and the Lviv Alfa Jazz Fest. The latter is only four years old, but world jazz legends like British guitarist John McLaughin or American Larry Carlton have already performed here. The concerts of the festival are broadcast by the popular French music channel Mezzo, and the Western press puts it on the list of must-attend events.

Despite the fact that most of Kogan's conscious life is connected with jazz, he still claims that he still does not know enough about this music. The jazz guru is sure: “A person who gets into some topic deeply understands that this is only the beginning. You have to learn all your life."

Alexandra Koltsova (Kasha Saltsova)

The winner of two NePops awards for the best female rock vocal, Alexandra Koltsova, has long become an iconic character in Ukrainian pop-rock - first with her band Krykhitka Tsakhes, and then, after the death of the band's guitarist Mikhail Gichan, already with the project Krykhitka.

The all-Ukrainian tour in support of the Recipe album (the debut album of the renewed group), which traveled to 15 largest cities of the country, became another evidence of how much the audience loved the enchanting voice of the permanent frontwoman and the same heartfelt texts of Krykhitka.

Although, by her own admission, Koltsova, she does not succeed in being "just a musician". "You can't sit on the edge of your chair in your own country," says the singer, whose career began in journalism. Leader krykhitki, by the way, who was born in Russia, quietly takes on dozens of good deeds in her native Ukraine, from the Eco-Torba environmental initiative, participation in AIDS campaigns and organizing charity concerts to help children with cancer, to supplying equipment to fighters into the ATO zone and the struggle for the lustration of power.

“If I were a man and didn’t play music, then the SBU would have a folder on me as an extremist,” Koltsova ironically.

Roman Kofman

The British newspaper The Telegraph called him one of the greatest conductors of our time, and the German Sueddeutsche Zeitung put him on a par with Yevgeny Mravinsky, one of the twenty best conductors of all time according to BBC Music Magazine.

Roman Kofman is worthy of these flattering words. He is the first and only Ukrainian who directed the Western European Opera House: in 2003-2008, Kofman was artistic director of the Bonn Opera and the Bonn Symphony Orchestra. Beethoven. With him, the conductor received the prestigious international Echo Klassik award for recording the oratorio by Franz Liszt Christ. In total, during his career, Kofman managed to work with 80 foreign orchestras.

And to domestic listeners, he is known as the permanent leader of the Kyiv Chamber Orchestra of the National Philharmonic, whose chief conductor has been working since 1990.

During this time, Kofman, tirelessly updating the orchestra's repertoire, opened for Ukrainians both the music of the best contemporary compatriots (including Valentin Silvestrov, Miroslav Skorik, Yevgeny Stankovich), and little-known works by Western classics. So, in 2009-2010, he became the first conductor in the world, under whose leadership the orchestra performed all Mozart's symphonies in one concert season.

Natalia Lebedeva

Jazz music is an exchange of living energy, Natalya Lebedeva, who is called the best jazz pianist in Ukraine, is convinced. “You see how a person improvises before your eyes, creates a plot, tells,” Lebedeva says about jazz. “The public should watch this process. Jazz music exists for its sake.”

Lebedeva from Kiev is not only a pianist, but a real human orchestra - a jazz composer, arranger, teacher and band leader all rolled into one. jazz band Trio Lebedeva, where, besides her, at different times included Igor Zakus, Konstantin Ionenko (both bass guitar) and Alexei Fantaev (drums), since the mid-2000s he has released three full-length albums and successfully performs both in Ukraine and abroad . So, in 2008-2010, the trio gave concerts in Poland as part of the Slavic Jazz Festival with a program based on the music of Frederic Chopin, as well as in Slovakia.

Considering that Ukrainian jazz music is only going through the stage of its formation, Lebedeva does everything to support this process. She is a participant in many joint projects with aspiring jazz musicians, as well as the organizer of children's jazz festivals O "Keshkin Jazz and Atlant-M

Oleg Mikhailyuta (Bassoon)

It's hard to believe, but in June 2014, the Ukrainian hip-hop group TNMK celebrated its 25th anniversary - the team has been making history since 1989.

Growing up with the country tanks remain one of the brightest, sincere and uncompromising Ukrainian bands - for which they have been loved by the public all these years. Wherein TNMK constantly expanding both the geography and the scale of their activity.

So, in 2012, the group traveled to more than ten festivals in Ukraine, Poland, Russia and Germany, and in 2013 realized an old dream - played a series of concerts in Ukrainian cities Symphonic hip-hop together with the Youth Symphony orchestraSlobozhansky. The initiator of the tour was Mikhailuta, who from time to time takes on the role of both a sound producer and a video director TNMK.

And although a graduate of the Kharkov Conservatory Oleg Mikhailyuta (Fagot) joined the musicians only in 1994, along with the founder of TNMK Alexander Sidorenko (Fozzy), he became one of the key figures not only for the group, but for all Ukrainian music of the independence era.

Like Fozzy, Fagot manages a lot in addition to his musical activities. In recent years, he has repeatedly tried himself as a host and participant in various television shows, and with his popularity he helped Ukrainian-language film dubbing to get on its feet. For example, the hero of the blockbuster spoke in the voice of Mikhailyuta Pirates of the Caribbean Jack Sparrow.

Lyudmila Monastyrskaya

In honor of her great predecessor, she is called the new Solomiya Krushelnitskaya and also the best Aida of our days. The owner of a unique dramatic soprano, Lyudmila Monastyrskaya, without a doubt, is one of the strongest world opera singers of our time.

Since 2010, she has conquered the best foreign scenes: the New York Metropolitan Opera, Milan's La Scala, Berlin's German Opera, and London's Covent Garden were invited to perform the leading parts of the Ukrainian. And in each of these theaters, Monastyrskaya made a splash, collecting enthusiastic responses from the press, colleagues and spectators. Although the parts she performs are leading roles in operas Attila, Nabucco, Tosca, Masquerade Ball, Aida, Macbeth, Country Honor- among the most difficult and responsible for opera singers.

Among Monastyrskaya's partners are world stars of the level of Spaniard Placido Domingo and Italian Leo Nucci. And the schedule of Ukrainian performances abroad, as an opera diva should be, is scheduled for a long time ahead.

However, she does not miss the opportunity to perform in Ukraine - at the National Opera. In one of the interviews, when asked which country a Western listener considers her to be a representative of, the singer replied: "[They perceive] only as a Ukrainian [singer]. And this gives me incentive and inspiration. I was brought up that way."

Victoria Field

The works of Ukrainian Victoria Poleva are listened to by admirers of modern classical music in the best halls - from the USA and Chile in the west to Korea and Singapore in the east. It is appreciated by critics and included in their repertoires by the world's leading instrumental and choir groups. In 2013, the compositions of the gifted Kievite were performed for the first time by the cult American ensemble Kronos Quartet.

Polevaya, repeatedly awarded Ukrainian and international prizes, writes music in the choral, chamber-instrumental and symphonic genres. In her early years, the aesthetics of the avant-garde were closest to her. Today, critics rank it among the sacred minimalist style popular in the West, when deep spiritual themes are revealed through the repetition of simple musical phrases.

Such a creative transformation was quite natural for Polevaya. After all, in her own words, for the composer, first of all, it is not novelty as such that is important, but simplicity and truthfulness of expression.

Alexander Polozhinsky

Poet, citizen and frontman of the Tartak group Alexander Polozhinsky has always been more than just a musician.

In 2005, barely leaving the stage of the Orange Revolution, whose unofficial anthem was the bitter composition of Tartak I don't want, the leader of the group, together with other fellow musicians, organized an all-Ukrainian tour Don't be a jerk.

It is difficult to find a better symbol of Polozhinsky's entire musical career than this action, which soon grew into a still existing social movement for European values ​​for Ukraine.

In each of Tartak's albums - and over the past ten years the team has released five records - the author of all the texts of the group, Polozhinsky, finds words that are necessary and close to compatriots with an active civic position.

“If we want to give up something, we must formulate what we will build instead,” the leader of Tartak recently noted, analyzing the consequences of the Euromaidan, of which he was an activist.

In his work, Polozhinsky does not get tired of "building". This spring, the musician presented a solo project Boov’є , within which he will perform his own compositions that were not included in Tartak's repertoire.

Mariana Sadovskaya

A native of Lviv and a resident of Cologne, Maryana Sadovskaya is often compared to the cult Icelandic singer Björk - the singers have in common the energy of their music and the desire to experiment with genres and styles. Both draw inspiration from folk art, making it attractive and understandable to listeners around the world.

I am always interested in building bridges - between cultures, between what was and what is, ”Sadovskaya formulates her creative task, whose songs are listened to on all continents.

Started her career as an actress of the Lviv Theater. Lesya Kurbasa Sadovskaya is convinced that everyone can sing - you just need to open your heart to music. There is some truth in this, but only a few receive invitations to cooperate from the cult American ensemble Kronos Quartet. Especially for a joint performance with this team, a Lviv woman wrote a work Chernobyl. Harvest, presented last year, first in Kyiv, and then in the famous hall of the Lincoln Center in New York.

Maryana Sadovskaya - Piemo, piemo (Ukrainian Folk Lemkivska Song)

Sadovskaya travels a lot - in Poland she collaborates with the theater Garzhenitsa, in New York - with the experimental troupe Yara Arts Group, and in Germany she has her own band Borderland. She travels with ethnographic expeditions to Ireland, Egypt and Cuba. Her interpretations of Ukrainian folklore brought the singer the authoritative German RUTH award last year.

Valentin Silvestrov

In the late 1950s, an unprecedented event occurred at the Kyiv Conservatory. A third-year student of the Kyiv Civil Engineering Institute, Valentin Silvestrov, was transferred without exams to the main music university in Ukraine. Since then, he has given no reason to doubt that his true calling is to be an architect of music, not stone.

Today Sylvestrov is the most famous modern Ukrainian composer abroad. Moreover, world fame came to him much earlier than recognition in his native land. While in the USSR they looked with suspicion at Silvestrov's avant-garde experiments, from which his unique personal style was later formed, he already in the late 60s became the winner of the prestigious Sergei Koussevitzky Prize (USA) and the international competition for young composers Gaudeamus (Netherlands).

To this day, the name of the Ukrainian, whose legacy includes symphonies, orchestral works, choral and chamber cantatas, as well as instrumental music, is heard on world stages and music festivals. In addition, Silvestrov's music, known in the West no less than in Ukraine, becomes part of the soundtracks for the films of film celebrities - Kira Muratova and Francois Ozon.

Valentin Silvestrov - Symphony No. 5

Meanwhile, the composer lives in Kyiv and admits that he is quite comfortable writing music in his native country. Among what Sylvestrov has been writing lately is music dedicated to the events on the Maidan: a new version of the Ukrainian anthem and music to a poem by Taras Shevchenko Caucasus, which was read on the Maidan by the deceased protester Sergei Nigoyan.

Oleg Skripka

If Ukraine, like America, had its own Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, Oleg Skrypka, no doubt, would be included in it among the first. His main musical offspring are the legendary Voplі Vіdoplyasova- has been one of the most popular bands in the country for almost 30 years.

Folk melody and powerful energy of live performances made BB in demand both at home and abroad.

However, within the framework of one project, even if it is successful, Violin is cramped. Only in the last year, in addition to touring with relatives BB in Ukraine and Europe, he managed to play a number of concerts with his jazz cabaret Fun and travel around North America, performing with violinist Vasily Popadyuk.

Tours do not prevent the artist from holding the festival for 11 years in a row Land of dreams. This year, the main ethno-action of the capital changed its location for the first time, moving to a Kiev park Theophania, and, according to the majority of guests, it has reached a qualitatively new level.

If we add to this the jazz-folk festival that successfully thundered last summer Montmart on Andreevsky Descent and rich alternative music Rock Sich, DJ sets at parties in Kyiv and other cities of Ukraine, as well as a recently opened restaurant of high Ukrainian cuisine Canapa, then it becomes obvious - towards its main goal - to turn Ukraine into a dream country - Violin is moving by leaps and bounds.

Evgeny Filatov

Evgeniy Filatov is one of the most consistent and innovative Ukrainian musicians, equally popular at home and abroad. His music at the intersection of funk, soul, pop-rock and hip-hop is listened to in Europe and Asia, he collects halls in Ukraine, Russia and the USA. The main stars of domestic show business seek to cooperate with him.

This native of Donetsk started as a DJ, performing under the pseudonym Dj Major. After some time, he was noticed by the producers, as a result - cooperation with TNMK, Smash, Ani Lorak, Tina Karol and others. His debut disc with his own project The Maneken was released on the French label Somekind Records and was sold in many countries of the world, including Japan, which is difficult for Ukrainian musicians to reach.

Today, the musician has five records with songs in English and Russian. At his Major Music Box studio, he works together with the best soul singer of Ukraine Jamala, as well as another performer, Nata Zhyzhchenko. Together with the latter, Filatov came up with a new project, Onuka, where modern musical technologies are organically combined with folk instruments.

Andrey Khlyvnyuk

The hip-hop and funk-rock band Boombox, founded by Andriy Khlyvniuk, is one of the most successful stories in contemporary Ukrainian music. Over the ten years of its existence, the band has released six full-fledged albums, and half of them - in the last four years. And one of the first Boombox records Family Business became gold in Ukraine: more than 100 thousand copies of it were sold.

The quantity did not affect the quality: for a decade, the group became one of the most popular not only in Ukraine, but also in Russia, where it collected full concert venues with the same success, and in 2009 received the well-known Russian Muz-TV award in the nomination Best Hip Hop Project.

Khlyvnyuk publicly supported Euromaidan, and in the spring all the group's performances in Russia were suddenly canceled. But this fall the band will celebrate its 10th anniversary with a European tour - in November Boombox will be heard in Riga, Vienna, Prague, Warsaw, Krakow, Antwerp and Paris.

Khlyvnyuk and his team are no strangers to long-distance tours: in February 2011, the band toured the United States and Canada, and last year, together with Dmitry Shurov (Pianoboy), gave concerts in the Czech Republic and Germany.

Dmitry Shurov

Dmitry Shurov is called the brightest and most successful pianist of the domestic show business. By the age of 32, he participated in the recording of albums by the leading bands of Ukraine and Russia and played several thousand live performances.

It all started with a collaboration with a cult rock band Ocean Elzy- in the first half of the 2000s, Shurov co-authored albums Model And Supersymmetry, which became perhaps the most successful in the history of the group. Large-scale tours in support of the records were not without a virtuoso musician. Shurov was one of those members of the golden squad oceans who took to the stage of the NSC Olympiyskiy this summer during the performance dedicated to the 20th anniversary of the team, which gathered a record audience for Ukraine.

The next steps in the career of a pianist were the popular indie band Esthetic Education and a collaboration with the most famous Russian rock singer Zemfira. Known for her high demands on musicians, the singer invited Shurov to record an album Thank you, which stands out among others with a special splendor of arrangements. And then for three years she played live concerts with him.

Today, a native of Vinnitsa, Shurov, is busy working on his solo project Pianoboy. However, according to the apt remark of the musician himself, the roles may be different, but the essence of this does not change. He still masterfully plays the keyboard and composes songs. It's just that now his music is accompanied by his own voice.

The materials used photos of Alexander Medvedev, Natalia Kravchuk and Elena Bozhko

Special project NV People of Culture:

Theater and Cinema

Patrons and art managers

TOP-100 People of Culture of the New Time read in the special issue of HB No. 20 dated September 26, 2014

Dated to the 18th millennium BC. The flutes found at the site of Molodovo in the Chernivtsi region are attributed to the same time).

In general, primitive music had a syncretic character - song, dance and poetry were merged and most often accompanied rituals, ceremonies, labor process, etc. In the minds of people, music and musical instruments played an important role as amulets during spells and prayers. In music, people saw protection from evil spirits, from bad sleep, from the evil eye. There were also special magical melodies to ensure the fertility of the soil and the fertility of livestock.

Soloists and other singers began to stand out in the primitive game; developing, the elements of musical expressive language are differentiated. Recitation on one tone without the exact regularity of interval moves (a descending gliding movement of a primitive melody in close, most often neighboring, sounds) led to a gradual expansion of the sound range: the fourth and fifth are fixed as natural boundaries for raising and lowering the voice and as reference intervals for the melody and their filling with intermediate (narrow) passages.

This process, which took place in ancient times, was the source from which folk musical culture arose. It gave rise to national musical systems and national features of the musical language.

Folk song art

The practice of folk song that existed in ancient times on the territory of Ukraine can be judged from ancient ritual songs. Many of them reflect the integral worldview of primitive man and reveal his attitude to nature and natural phenomena.

The original national style is most fully represented by the songs of the central Dnieper region. They are characterized by melodic ornamentation, vocalization of vowels, modes - Aeolian, Ionian, Dorian (often chromatized), mixolydian. Connections with Belarusian and Russian folklore are clearly seen in the folklore of Polesye.

Instrumental folklore and folk instruments

See also: Ukrainian folk instruments

Instrumental folklore occupies an important place in Ukrainian musical culture. The musical instrumentation of Ukraine is rich and varied. It includes a wide range of brass, string and percussion instruments. A significant part of Ukrainian folk musical instruments comes from the instruments of the times of Rus, other instruments (for example, the violin) were adopted on Ukrainian soil later, although then they became the basis of new traditions and performance features.

The most ancient layers of Ukrainian instrumental folklore are associated with calendar holidays and ceremonies, which were accompanied by marching (marches for processions, congratulatory marches) and dance music (hopachkas, cossacks, kolomiykas, polechkas, waltzes, doves, lassoes, etc.) and song- instrumental music to listen to. Traditional ensembles most often consisted of triplets of instruments, for example, violin, snuffle and tambourine (the so-called triple music). The performance of music also provides for a certain improvisation.

Original musical instruments are present in shepherd's playing, where, as a rule, instruments made by the musicians themselves are used: snot, floyara, vodentsivka, tilinka, zugflute, horn, trembita, bark, luska, kuvitsy (pipe), duda, whistlers, harp, etc. .

During prayers in domestic conditions (in the house, on the street, near the church), lyre, kobza and bandura were often used to accompany the cants and psalms.

Ukrainian folk song formed the basis of the works of many Ukrainian composers. The most famous arrangements of Ukrainian songs belong to N. Lysenko and N. Leontovich, a significant contribution to the study and collection of folk art was made by domestic folklorists - Filaret   Kolessa and Kliment Kvitka.

Since the 1980s there is an increase in interest in authentic forms of folk music making. The pioneers of this trend are considered to be the Drevo group, founded in 1979, headed by Professor of the Kyiv Conservatory E. Efremov. In the 2000s, such ethnic music festivals as the Country of Dreams and Sheshory emerged in Ukraine, where folk music sounds both in authentic performances and in various versions of rock or pop styles. Among modern groups of authentic singing, the groups "Bozhychi", "Volodar", "Buttya" should be mentioned. Ethnic motifs are used by the Rushnychok, Lisopylka, Voply Vidoplyasova, Mandry, Gaidamaky, Ocheretyany Kit groups, the DakhaBrakha group offers an original layering of elements.

The rise of professional music

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Ukrainian musicians of various periods

There is information about the professional musical art of the East Slavic tribes from the time of Rus'. With the adoption of Christianity at the end of the 10th century, church singing appeared on the territory of modern Ukraine, which was formed under the influence of Byzantine and Slavic folk music. In the XII-XVII centuries, the monophonic "znamenny" chant spread in Orthodox churches, which also significantly influenced the work of composers of subsequent eras.

XVII-XVIII centuries

Secular professional vocal and instrumental music, which existed in the estates and military units, began to develop in the cities from the 17th century. Workshops of musicians appeared, and orchestras and chapels were created under the magistrates. On the basis of folk song and Kantian traditions in the 18th - early 19th centuries, the song-romance to the verses of various poets became widespread. One of the first to introduce, Grigory Skovoroda began to create in this genre, who introduced civil, philosophical and lyrical themes into the song genre.

Of particular importance in the Ukrainian musical culture of the 18th century was the Glukhov song school, created on the initiative of Daniil the Apostle in 1730, whose pupils were Dmitry Bortnyansky, Maxim Berezovsky and Artemy Vedel. After graduating from the Glukhov school, Bortnyansky and Berezovsky continued their studies at Italian music schools, which were the centers of European music of that time.

Combining the traditions of partes singing and modern techniques of European writing determined the uniqueness of the work of these composers. Having become the court bandmaster in St. Petersburg, and since 1796 - the head of the court choir, formed almost exclusively from students of the Glukhov school, Bortnyansky greatly influenced the development of Russian musical culture. He also became the first composer of the Russian Empire, whose musical works began to appear in print.

19th - early 20th century

The 19th century in the history of music was marked by the emergence of many national schools on the world stage, which was associated with the growth of the national self-awareness of European peoples. Following the Polish and Russian, the Ukrainian national school of composers also appeared.

Following the Ukrainian writers and poets, professional musicians of the 19th century began to turn to folk themes, to process folk songs that were performed by talented amateur amateurs, accompanied by folk instruments - kobza, bandura, cymbals, violins, lyres, etc. At the beginning of the 19th century, Ukrainian music, the first symphonic and chamber-instrumental works appeared, among the authors of which are I. M. Vitkovsky, A. I. Galenkovsky, Ilya and Alexander Lizoguby.

The activities of amateur theaters and the opening of the first professional theaters (in 1803 in Kiev, and in 1810 in Odessa), which staged musical and scenic works on national subjects, played an important role in the development of Ukrainian opera. The first Ukrainian opera is considered to be Zaporozhets beyond the Danube by Gulak-Artemovsky (1863). In Western Ukraine, composers M. M. Verbitsky, I. I. Vorobkevich, V. G. Matyuk worked in various genres of choral and instrumental (including symphonic) music.

The basis for the development of national professional music was the activity of Mykola Lysenko, who created classical samples of works in different genres: 9 operas, piano and instrumental, choral and vocal works, a work on the words of Ukrainian poets, including on the words of Taras Shevchenko. He also became the organizer of a music school in Kyiv (1904; from 1918 -).

• N. Lysenko."God the Great, One"(inf.)
• N. Lysenko. Cantata "Breaking the rapids"(inf.)
• N. Leontovich."Shchedryk"(inf.)

The creative principles of Lysenko were adopted by N. N. Arkas, B. V. Podgoretsky, M. N. Kolachevsky, V. I. Sokalsky, P. I. Senitsa, I. I. Rachinsky, K. G. Stetsenko, Ya. S. Stepova, N. D. Leontovich, D. V. Sychinsky, Ya. O. Lopatinsky, S. F. Lyudkevich, O. I. Nizhankovsky and other composers.

In the second half of the 19th century, the choral movement became widespread, the choral societies "Torban" (1870) and "Boyan" (1891) arose. Higher opera houses were opened in Kiev (1867) and Lvov (1900), music schools under the Russian Musical Society in Kiev (1868), Kharkov (1883), Odessa (1897) and other cities.

The Ukrainian theme is also present in the works of Franz Liszt, who traveled around Ukraine in the late forties of the 19th century. Among his works are the pieces for piano "Ukrainian Ballad" and "Thought", as well as the symphonic poem "Mazeppa".

At the beginning of the 20th century, a galaxy of Ukrainian performers gained worldwide fame. Among them are singers Solomeya Krushelnitskaya, O. Petrusenko, Z. Gaidai, M. Litvinenko-Wolgemut, singers M.E. Mentsinsky, A.F. Mishuga, I. Patorzhinsky, B. Gmyrya, pianist Vladimir Horowitz, choral conductor A.A. Koshitz. Choral arrangements by N. D. Leontovich became known outside of Ukraine.

History of the first sound recordings

The first gramophone records with singing in Ukrainian were released in 1899 by Emil Berliner in London. The recordings were made during the tour of the Russian choir S. Medvejedeva. One record was called “Chornohmari”, probably it was a duet of Oksana and Andrey from the opera “Zaporozhets behind Danube”, another disc was the song “The sun is low”. These records are currently unknown. In 1900, "Emil Berliner" recorded seven more Ukrainian records. In Lvov in 1904-1905 recordings of Ukrainian songs performed by A. A. Krushelnytska were made, and in 1909 by F. N. Lopatinskaya.

In Kiev, in 1909-1911, the recording studio "International Extra-Record" worked, among the first recordings of which (July 1909) buv P. I. Tsesevich, probably other Ukrainian performers (the catalogs of the studio have not been preserved). Of particular interest are 11 recordings of soprano E. D. Petlyash with piano accompaniment by N. V. Lysenko. Three records from this series were found and are in the funds of the house-museum of N.V. Lysenko in Kiev, they recorded the songs “Ganja” - “I go through the meadow, I lead the horse”, “Wind the wind” - “Kari eyes” and “Oh mother told me" - "Not returning from the campaign." Only a studio worked in Kyiv, and records were made in Berlin.

Since 1911, the recording company "Extrafon" worked in Kyiv, which for the first time in Ukraine began to produce records on the spot. The first Ukrainian records made in Kiev were the recordings of Zor M. A. Nadezhdinsky with the songs “Walking Chumak on the Rinochka”, “Oh, the turtledove flew”, “Oh, the girl went”, “That siva zozulya was cuddling” and others, only 7 songs ; tenor I. E. Gritsenko - “The sun is low”, “At Guy, Guy” to the words of T. G. Shevchenko, “I marvel at the sky” (words by M. Petrenko) and others, 6 songs in total; 6 songs by E. D. Petlyash. These recordings were made earlier, by the International Extra-Record studio. In 1912, "Extraphone" released 10 Ukrainian songs performed by the choir of Ya. in 1914, for the anniversary of T. G. Shevchenko - records with songs to the words of the poet performed by Tsesevich, Gritsenko, Karlashov, Petlyash and the Nadezhdinsky choir. The recordings included such works as “Roar of the Dnipro, wide ...”, “I wide valley ...”, “Yakbi me cherevichki”, “Fires burn, music is warm”, “Water flowing in the blue sea”, “The youth have passed”.

Musical culture 1917-1918

At the same time, the Soviet government opened a number of musical institutions in different cities of Ukraine. Among them are opera and ballet theaters in Kharkov (), Poltava (), Vinnitsa (), Dnepropetrovsk (), Donetsk (), choral and symphony groups.

1930s - 1950s

Starting from the second half of the 1930s, the musical art of Soviet Ukraine developed mainly in line with socialist realism, which became the only creative method of literature and art officially allowed in the USSR. Cultural figures who deviated from this method were subjected to severe criticism and persecution. Thus, the works of B. Lyatoshinsky and L. Revutsky were sharply criticized at the plenums of the Union of Composers, and the latter, after 1934, practically left his creative activity, confining himself to teaching and editorial work.

At the same time, a mass Soviet song arose in Ukraine, one of the first creators of which was Konstantin Boguslavsky. In the 1930s, the first operas on Soviet themes appeared, including Shchors by B. Lyatoshinsky (1930), Perekop by Y. Meitus (1937). Songs dedicated to the Communist Party and its leaders have become entrenched in the repertoires of professional and amateur groups.

A significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian musical art was made by the composer and teacher Mykola Vilinsky (a student of Vitold Malyshevsky), who worked first at the Odessa and then at the Kyiv Conservatory.

In Western Ukraine, which until 1939 was part of Poland, the composers V. A. Barvinsky, S. F. Lyudkevich, A. I. Kos-Anatolsky, and the folklorist F. M. Kolessa worked.

In the post-war period, among the prominent Ukrainian composers were Hryhoriy Veryovka, the brothers George and Platon Mayborody, Konstantin Dankevich, A. Ya. Shtogarenko and others. Among the well-known performers is the tenor Ivan Kozlovsky. Claudia Shulzhenko, a native of the Kharkov region, became widely known thanks to the performance of front-line songs.

1960s - 1980s

The 1960s became the time for the breakthrough of the Ukrainian musical school on the world stage, the penetration of the latest trends in European music into Ukrainian music. In Kyiv, the Kiev Avant-Garde group was created, which included Valentin Silvestrov, Leonid Grabovsky and Vitaly Godzyatsky. Due to discrepancies with the official musical circles of the USSR, members of the Kyiv Avant-Garde were subjected to various kinds of pressure, in connection with which the group eventually broke up.

In the same years, Platon and Georgy Mayborody, K. Dankevich continued to work. During this period, Boris Lyatoshinsky created his last two symphonies. In the 1970s - 1980s, composers M.Skorik, E.Stankovich, I.Karabits and others became famous.

The national school of vocal art received worldwide recognition. The brightest representatives of the Ukrainian opera scene are A. Solovyanenko, Dmitry Gnatiuk, Bella Rudenko, E. Miroshnichenko, Roman Mayboroda. A significant event in the musical life of Ukraine was the staging of Shostakovich's opera Katerina Izmailova in Kyiv in 1965.

In parallel with the formation of pop music in Western countries, in Ukraine, as in other countries, the Soviet pop music flourished. The work of Vladimir Ivasyuk, the author of more than 100 songs, whose life was tragically cut short in 1979, stands out especially.

Among the songwriters of those years, A.I. Bilash, V. Vermenich, and later I. Karabits are also known. In the same years, pop singers won popularity - Sofia Rotaru, Nazariy Yaremchuk, Vasily Zinkevich, Igor Belozir, Taras Petrinenko, Alla Kudlay and others.

At the same time, typical modern musical and musical-poetic projects were born, including the satirical theater “Do not Cry!” V. Morozova (1970s), the Dead Piven group and the rock-bard group Lament of Jeremiah (second half of the 1980s).

Contemporary music

Educational and concert institutions

Historically, Ukraine has received an extensive system of educational and concert musical organizations, which are under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Ukraine. Among them:

Theaters

• opera houses in Kyiv, Kharkov, Lvov, Odessa, Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk
• theaters of musical comedy in Kharkov and Odessa, as well as an operetta theater in Kyiv
• Children's musical theater in Kyiv

Concert institutions

• National philharmonic and philharmonics in all regional centers of Ukraine,
• Houses of organ and chamber music in Kyiv, Dnepropetrovsk, Bila Tserkva, Lvov, and Kharkov
• palaces of culture and houses of culture in many cities of Ukraine.

Musical educational institutions

The training of professional musicians is carried out by:

• Conservatories (music academies) in Kyiv, Odessa, Lvov, Donetsk, Dnepropetrovsk
• Music faculties at Kharkiv University of Arts and Kiev University of Culture
• Musical schools in different cities of Ukraine.

Concert bands

As of 2008, there are 10 national and 2 state teams in Ukraine. Of these, 10 are located in Kyiv and one - in Odessa.