Who came up with these doctor aibolit. Who became the prototype of Dr. Aibolit from Chukovsky's famous fairy tale. Everyone loved him

Good Doctor Aibolit!
He sits under a tree.
Come to him for treatment.
Both the cow and the wolf
And a bug, and a worm,
And a bear!

Heal everyone, heal
Good Doctor Aibolit!

And the fox came to Aibolit:
"Oh, I got stung by a wasp!"

And the watchdog came to Aibolit:
“A chicken pecked on my nose!”

And the hare came running
And she screamed: “Ai, ai!
My bunny got hit by a tram!
My bunny, my boy
Got hit by a tram!
He ran down the path
And his legs were cut
And now he's sick and lame
My little hare!”

And Aibolit said: “It doesn’t matter!
Give it here!
I'll sew him new legs,
He will run again along the path.
And they brought him a bunny,
Such a sick, lame,
And the doctor sewed on his legs,
And the hare jumps again.
And with him the hare-mother
I also went to dance
And she laughs and screams:
“Well, thank you. Aibolit!

Suddenly from somewhere a jackal
Rode on a mare:
"Here's a telegram for you
From Hippo!"

"Come, doctor,
Go to Africa soon
And save me doctor
Our babies!"

"What's happened? Really
Are your kids sick?

"Yes Yes Yes! They have angina
scarlet fever, cholera,
diphtheria, appendicitis,
Malaria and bronchitis!

Come soon
Good Doctor Aibolit!

"Okay, okay, I'll run,
I will help your children.
But where do you live?
On a mountain or in a swamp?

We live in Zanzibar
In the Kalahari and the Sahara
On Mount Fernando Po,
Where hippo walks
Along the wide Limpopo.

And Aibolit got up, Aibolit ran.
He runs through the fields, but through the forests, through the meadows.
And only one word repeats Aibolit:
"Limpopo, Limpopo, Limpopo!"

And in his face the wind, and snow, and hail:
"Hey, Aibolit, come back!"
And Aibolit fell and lies on the snow:
"I can't go any further."

And now to him because of the Christmas tree
Furry wolves run out:
"Sit down, Aibolit, on horseback,
We will take you alive!”

And Aibolit galloped forward
And only one word repeats:
"Limpopo, Limpopo, Limpopo!"

But in front of them is the sea -
Raging, noisy in space.
And there is a high wave in the sea.
Now she will swallow Aibolit.

"Oh, if I drown
If I go to the bottom

With my forest animals?
But here comes the whale:
"Sit on me, Aibolit,
And like a big ship
I'll take you forward!"

And sat on the whale Aibolit
And only one word repeats:
"Limpopo, Limpopo, Limpopo!"

And the mountains stand in his way
And he starts to crawl over the mountains,
And the mountains are getting higher, and the mountains are getting steeper,
And the mountains go under the very clouds!

"Oh, if I don't get there,
If I get lost along the way
What will become of them, the sick,
With my forest animals?

And now from a high cliff
Eagles flew to Aibolit:
"Sit down, Aibolit, on horseback,
We will take you alive!”

And sat on the eagle Aibolit
And only one word repeats:
"Limpopo, Limpopo, Limpopo!"

And in Africa
And in Africa
On black
Limpopo,
Sitting and crying
In Africa
Sad Hippo.

He's in Africa, he's in Africa
Sitting under a palm tree
And on the sea from Africa
Looks without rest:
Doesn't he ride in a boat
Dr. Aibolit?

And roam along the road
Elephants and Rhinos
And they say angrily:
“Well, there is no Aibolit?”

And next to the hippos
Grabbed their tummies:
They, the hippos,
Belly hurts.

And then the ostriches
They squeal like pigs.
Oh, sorry, sorry, sorry
Poor ostriches!

And measles, and they have diphtheria,
And smallpox, and bronchitis they have,
And their head hurts
And my throat hurts.

They lie and rave:
“Well, why doesn’t he go,
Well, why doesn't he go?
Dr. Aibolit?"

And crouched next to
toothy shark,
toothy shark
Lies in the sun.

Oh, her little ones
The poor sharks
It's been twelve days
Teeth hurt!

And a dislocated shoulder
At the poor grasshopper;
He does not jump, he does not jump,
And he weeps bitterly
And the doctor calls:
“Oh, where is the good doctor?
When will he come?"

But look, some bird
Getting closer and closer through the air rushes.
On the bird, look, Aibolit is sitting
And he waves his hat and shouts loudly:
"Long live dear Africa!"

And all the children are happy and happy:
“I have arrived, I have arrived! Hooray! Hooray!"

And the bird is circling above them,
And the bird sits on the ground.
And Aibolit runs to the hippos,
And slaps them on the tummies
And all in order
Gives you chocolate
And puts and puts them thermometers!

And to the striped
He runs to the tiger cubs.
And to the poor hunchbacks
sick camels,
And every gogol
Every mogul,
Gogol-mogul,
Gogol-mogul,
He will treat you with mogul-mogul.

Ten nights Aibolit
Doesn't eat, doesn't drink, doesn't sleep
ten nights in a row
He heals the unfortunate animals
And puts and puts them thermometers.

So he cured them
Limpopo!
So he cured the sick.
Limpopo!
And they went to laugh
Limpopo!
And dance and play
Limpopo!

And Shark Karakula
Right eye winked
And laughs, and laughs,
Like someone is tickling her.

And little hippos
Grabbed by the tummies
And laugh, pour -
So the oaks are shaking.

Here's Hippo, here's Popo,
Hippo Popo, Hippo Popo!
Here comes the Hippo.
It comes from Zanzibar.
He goes to Kilimanjaro -
And he screams, and he sings:
“Glory, glory to Aibolit!
Glory to the good doctors!

Analysis of the poem "Aibolit" by Chukovsky

The work of Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky is based on the theme of love for animals and the glorification of one of the most difficult but noble professions - a doctor. The main character of the fairy tale is Dr. Aibolit, who embodies kindness, sensitivity and compassion for others.

The central idea of ​​the fairy tale is the healing of poor and sick animals. The doctor undertakes the treatment of any animals that turn to him for help. So, at the inconsolable hare, the tram ran over her son's legs. Aibolit treats the baby: he sews new paws on him.

One day, an alarming telegram is brought to the doctor. The animals very much asked Aibolit to go to Africa in order to cure their children, who fell ill with serious and incomprehensible diseases. The Doctor sets off: running through the fields and forests, not even stopping to rest. The doctor is assisted by wolves: they carry him on their backs. The whale helps to cross the sea, and the eagles to fly over the high mountains.

For ten days, Aibolit has been treating patients in Africa: he measures the temperature of animals, gives chocolate and eggnog. When everyone finally recovers, the animals arrange a holiday. They sing, dance and glorify the good doctor. The work shows us that animals cannot be treated the same way as things or objects. They are exactly the same living beings.

The story is written in the simplest language possible. It is easy to read, but at the same time it has great educational value. The work highlights those basic qualities without which it is impossible to live in the world. Aibolit does not refuse to help anyone, he tries to pay attention and time to any animal. By his example, the doctor shows how important it is to be close to those who need help.

In the remarkable work of Chukovsky, we clearly see how strong friendship and mutual assistance can create a real miracle. The doctor treats the animals, and they respond to him with love and gratitude. The strength of a close-knit team is perfectly demonstrated here. Alone it will be difficult to resist such a dangerous enemy as, and by joint efforts it works out great.

It doesn't really matter if you're a man or a beast. We all equally need love, support and faith in a miracle. If each of us, at one particular moment, can lend a helping hand to those who are weaker, this world will definitely become a better place. You should always have friends and not leave them in difficult times.

On Messinia Street in Vilnius, you can see a very touching sculptural composition: an elderly man in a hat with a cane smiles affectionately at a girl holding a kitten in her arms. Few tourists know that these are not just abstract characters, but a monument to an outstanding doctor. If you come closer, next to the figures you can see the inscription: "To the citizen of the city of Vilnius, Dr. Tsemakh Shabad, the prototype of the good doctor Aibolit."

Doctor with a capital letter

It was in Vilnius, according to the memoirs of contemporaries, that Korney Chukovsky met Timofey Osipovich. They say that the great Soviet poet-storyteller stopped at the doctor’s house more than once when he came to Lithuania. There is no documentary evidence for this, but the fact that they were well acquainted is undeniable. For example, in 1968, during an interview with the Pionerskaya Pravda newspaper, Korney Chukovsky said bluntly: the prototype of Dr. Aibolit is the Lithuanian physician Tsemakh Shabad.

It is known that Chukovsky created "Doctor Aibolit" on the basis of Lofting's work "Doctor Doolittle and his animals", but it is also known that he began to make notes about Aibolit a couple of years before the release of the book about Dr. Doolittle.

Chukovsky spoke of his Lithuanian acquaintance as an unusually kind person, drawing attention to the fact that Timofey Osipovich could not refuse to help anyone.

Everyone loved him

There are many memories and legends about the amazing kindness of Dr. Shabad. For example, one day several boys brought him a cat with a fishing hook stuck in its mouth, and he, having abandoned everything, fiddled with it for a long time. The doctor pulled out the hook, the cat recovered, the children were happy.

The Lithuanian doctor has advocated for the rights of the poor all his life. He was active in public activities, organizing free meals for the poor, was the author of the idea to distribute dairy products for young mothers, initiated the opening of orphanages, published hygiene instructions and, of course, advocated the availability of medicine for low-income citizens.

Shabad demonstrated this by his own example: if a person who did not have money for treatment applied to him, the doctor did not refuse him, but treated him for free. There is a case about one girl who came to him complaining of very poor health. The doctor diagnosed her with severe malnutrition and told her to come to him every morning for milk. This young "patient" and several other urban poor, the doctor regularly supplied milk absolutely free.

It is interesting that, not being a veterinarian, the "human doctor" Shabad readily took up the treatment of animals that the townspeople brought to him (well, he simply could not refuse!), And he managed to save many.
Vilnius residents noticed an amazing fact: Tsemakh Shabad had practically no enemies. Being engaged in public and social work, he was unusually kind and non-confrontational, and this simply disarmed even the most severe people.

When, at the age of seventy, Tsemakh Shabad died of sepsis, which he received during an operation, almost the entire city took to the streets to say goodbye to him. Thousands of people followed the coffin, seeing off the legendary doctor on his last journey.

Dr. Aibolit or the luminary of medicine?

Currently, Dr. Tsemakh Shabad is better known to local residents as the prototype of Aibolit, but his huge contribution to medicine, alas, has remained in the shadows. But in vain. After all, the honored doctor published several scientific works - and not only in Russian, but also in other languages. It is known that he communicated with great foreign scientists - for example, with Albert Einstein. And with his active concern for the Lithuanian poor, and especially for the socially unprotected Jewish population, he gave impetus to the development of social medicine throughout the country.

After the death of the doctor, a bust of him was erected on the territory of the Mykolas Marcinkevičius Hospital, where he worked. The hospital was bombed during the Great Patriotic War, after which the monument began to be kept in the Vilnius Jewish Museum.

A bronze monument to Tsemakh Shabad as the prototype of the fairy tale hero Chukovsky appeared in the Lithuanian capital in 2007. Rumor has it that Maya Plisetskaya herself, who allegedly was a distant relative of the Vilnius doctor, initiated it, and Lithuanian Jews raised money for the monument.

The author of the composition was a local sculptor Romualdas Kvintas, known for his work both at home and in Europe. According to him, he created the sculpture of the doctor based on the photo of Tsemakh, which remained after his death, and the girl depicted near the doctor is the same patient whom the good doctor “treated” for malnutrition, or rather, fed. According to urban legend, when the young lady recovered, she gave the doctor a cat in gratitude.

Did Suteev have his own prototype of Aibolit?

Speaking of Dr. Shabad, one cannot fail to mention another physician, whom Korney Chukovsky probably also remembered when creating his character. This is the chief doctor of the Crimean children's tuberculosis sanatorium Petr Izergin. In this sanatorium, the youngest daughter of Korney Chukovsky, Murochka, was treated (as you know, he devoted many of his poems to her), in whom doctors discovered bone tuberculosis in 1929. For two years, Doctor of Medical Sciences Izergin quite successfully treated the girl in a sanatorium with his author's method. Alas, he did not manage to completely defeat the fatal disease - the doctor only delayed the death of the girl for some time.

Pyotr Izergin looks very much like Dr. Aibolit in the famous illustrations of the Soviet artist Vladimir Suteev. Perhaps, knowing the story of Mura's treatment by a famous Crimean doctor, Suteev decided that Aibolit should look like that. In any case, his image was chosen for illustrations quite deservedly. Although Korney Chukovsky never mentioned Izergin's connection with his hero, the Crimean acquaintances of the doctor recalled that he worked selflessly and very often walked to his patients from one locality to another, like Dr. Aibolit in a fairy tale, overcoming mountains.

It is not difficult to guess that the alarming cry of the patient “Ai! Hurts!" turned into the most affectionate name in the world for a fabulous doctor, very kind, because he heals with chocolate and eggnog, rushes to help through snow and hail, overcomes steep mountains and raging seas, selflessly fights against the bloodthirsty Barmaley, frees a boy from pirate captivity Penta and his father, a fisherman, protects the poor and sick monkey Chichi from the terrible organ grinder ... while saying only one thing:

"Oh, if I don't get there,
If I get lost along the way
What will become of them, the sick,
With my forest animals?

Of course, everyone loves Aibolit: animals, fish, birds, boys and girls...

Dr. Aibolit has an English "predecessor" - Dr. Dolittle invented by the writer Hugh Lofting .

HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF FAIRY TALES

Each book has its own fascinating story.

"Dr. Aibolit" K.I. Chukovsky written on the basis of the plot of fairy tales by an English writer Hugh Loftinga about Dr. Doolittle ("The Doctor Dolittle Story", "The Adventures of Doctor Dolittle", "Doctor Dolittle and his Beasts" ).

THE PLOT OF A FAIRY TALE

To the good doctorAibolitu come for treatment and "and a cow, and a she-wolf, and a bug, and a worm, and a bear". But suddenly the children got sick Hippo, And Dr. Aibolit goes to Africa, reaching which, he repeatedly risks his life: either the wave is ready to swallow him, or the mountains "go under the clouds". And in Africa, the animals are waiting for their savior - Dr. Aibolit .

Finally he is in Africa:
Ten nights Aibolit
Doesn't eat, doesn't drink, doesn't sleep
ten nights in a row

He heals the unfortunate beast
And puts and puts them thermometers.
And so he cured them all.
Everyone is healthy, everyone is happy, everyone is laughing and dancing.

A Hippo sings:
“Glory, glory to Aibolit!
Glory to the good doctors!

PROTOTYPE OF DOCTOR AIBOLIT

1. What animals lived with Dr. Aibolit?

(There are hares in the room, a squirrel in the closet, a crow in the sideboard, a hedgehog on the sofa, white mice in the chest, Kiki the duck, Abba the dog, Oink-oink the pig, Korudo the parrot, Bumbo the owl.)

2. How many animal languages ​​did Aibolit know?

3. From whom and why did Chichi the monkey run away?

(From the evil organ grinder, because he dragged her everywhere on a rope and beat her. Her neck hurt.)

A terrible monster named PP

A few years ago, or more precisely, in 1992, two publishing houses simultaneously published the works of an author who until then was practically unknown to our general reader. These were books by Hugh Lofting from his series of essays, famous in other countries, about Dr. John Doolittle, who treated animals. Issues of different publishers slightly differed from each other in the intonation of the translation, the title of individual works, even the spelling of the doctor's name (Dolittle vs. Doolittle). And only one thing was common: in the prefaces to these editions, we were finally mercilessly revealed a terrible secret: the good doctor Aibolit Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky is a fraud. John Doolittle is the "real, genuine name" of Dr. Aibolit.
The preface, which is more modest, was limited to this significant wording, but several pages in the Sigma-F edition were given to grandfather Korney, as they say, "in full". The highly experienced author of malicious pages did not dare to write directly: “Stop the thief!”, But with extraordinary grace, Korney Ivanovich was caught on all counts: he did not translate the impeccable Englishman Lofting, but retelled it. Dab-Dub called the duck Kikoy, turned the eagle owl into an owl, simplified everything and generally “changed it”. And most importantly, having a “bad habit of having lunch every day,” he did all this, a bad person, for money! True, the commentator had to mention that, committing his shameful atrocities, the writer Chukovsky warned readers on the very first page that his book was made "according to Hugh Lofting." But don't you know: "Neither children nor their parents usually read these lines."
The reputation of the classic has been shaken. A terrible monster named PP, the terrible Ghost of Plagiarism, rose to its full black height and began to roam. First of all - in the "web".
Unlike the older “paper” comrades from the liturgical guards of the past century, the Internet generation was not ashamed of expressions: “Plagiarism is a form of existence”, “Nobody knows the author. They know the plagiarist…”, “The Stolen Sun and the Stolen Aibolit”… Together with Grandfather Korney, other literary authorities of the Soviet era also got hit in the head: there was nothing for A.N. Tolstoy to write off his Pinocchio from their Pinocchio, A.M. Volkov - to raise his hand to the wonderful foreign "Wizard of Oz", and this Schwartz, Evgeny Lvovich, too, you know, Cinderella was not invented by himself ...
In fairness, it should be recognized that Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky suffered public reproach and all kinds of harassment during his lifetime beyond measure. There was even the word "Chukivshchina", which was considered a curse among the then fighters for children's literature. Only under the worker-peasant regime was Chukovsky called a “bourgeois” writer, and now they are called “Soviet”. He himself wrote about this about seventy years ago: “What a humiliation a children's writer is in if he has the misfortune of being a storyteller! He is treated as a counterfeiter, and in each of his tales they seek out a secret political meaning.
Maybe it’s even good that Korney Ivanovich did not live to see the time when he was completely accused of literary theft under the guise of a totalitarian system? died in 1969 no less than at the age of 88.)
It becomes sad. And also a little scary and a little funny. I want to get out of this jungle with black monsters as soon as possible and return home to children's literature, where a lot of interesting things really happen.

"Source"

Hugh Lofting (in some English publications Hugh (John) Lofting) was born in 1886 and was a little - four years - younger than Nikolai Vasilyevich Korneychukov, who later became Korney Chukovsky. The little Englishman lived on a farm and from early childhood was very fond of all kinds of animals. He probably had a kind mother, because who else would have allowed the boy to keep a whole real “zoo” in an ordinary closet. But Lofting did not become a zoologist, biologist or veterinarian. He became a railway engineer, studied in England, in America, and then worked all over the world - first in South America, then in Africa.
The engineer Lofting was made a writer by the war, the First World War. True, even before that, his tiny stories with his own drawings sometimes appeared in magazines. But the famous Dr. Dolittle was born in the war. The fact is that Lofting had two children, a son and a daughter, Colin and Elizabeth. When their father, an Irish Guardsman, was taken to the front, the children were bored and afraid. And my father wrote letters to them. What can you write about to children from the battlefield? Courageous Lofting (he was generally a brave man) began to invent all sorts of cute funny stuff: an animal doctor, talking animals and birds, adventures and victories ... Then the war ended. Lofting survived, although he was wounded. Letters about the funny Dolittle also survived. The family moved from England to America, and there - they say, quite by accident! - the letters were seen by one publisher, who immediately became delighted and immediately ordered a book from Mr. Lofting.
The result was a whole epic - a dozen and a half fabulous, adventure, exciting novels for adults and children. The first - "The Story of Doctor Dolittle" - was released in America in 1920, and in England - in 1922. The writer stubbornly drew pictures only himself, and one can, smiling, assume that somewhere inside the elegant gentleman Hugh John Lofting, similar to the American "Senator from the movie," there was always a pot-bellied "animal healer" John Doolittle, whose nose is just a natural potato. This is how Lofting portrayed his hero.
This is what the facts look like. And then, like a tail after a bright comet, all sorts of words, assumptions and conjectures begin with Freudianism at the same time. Why are the animals in the book so good? Because Lofting is disillusioned with people. Why is the main character a doctor? Because Lofting was hurt. And in general, the work before us is philosophical, because after the First World War, the progressive intelligentsia was deeply shocked by the defenselessness of the weak. Here is Janusz Korczak, who, however, did not save animals, but children ...
In general, commentators are wonderful people. Recently, a cute little magazine publishing crossword puzzles (!), reported in passing with another crossword, that Albert Schweitzer, who was also a doctor and went to Africa, served as the prototype for Dr. Dolittle. You want to say that the philosopher, musician and doctor Schweitzer treated the locals? So what? Monkeys and hippos are also local residents ...
Now the question is: what does the literary critic, publicist, translator and public figure Korney Chukovsky have to do with it, who at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries was a very prominent and absolutely “adult” figure in Russia?
Well, yes, in 1916, at the height of the First World War, as part of a delegation of Russian journalists invited by the British government, Chukovsky visited England. The delegation was received by King George V, then Korney Ivanovich personally met Conan Doyle, Herbert Wells ...
Why would such a respectable person begin to compose children's fairy tales, and even, like a petty thief, drag plots through the iron curtain that soon descended?

Confusion

The first time Dr. Aibolit appeared in the fairy tale about Barmaley. He did not treat any animals there, but only with the help of the Crocodile he saved the naughty children Tanechka and Vanechka, who fled to Africa without asking. This story was published in 1925, which should be considered the "birthday" of the beloved doctor.
What follows is complete confusion. The most reputable bibliographers indicate a variety of dates, the names flash like balls in the hands of a juggler, and the head is spinning from the fact that the fairy tale "Limpopo" was also published under the name "Aibolit" and "Doctor Aibolit", and "Doctor Aibolit", in its own turn, was the name of the work, both poetic and prose. In a word, "Fish walk across the field, Toads fly across the sky ...", as Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky wrote in his program work "Confusion".
No, we didn't agree. It was a happy confusion, a free game of words and sounds, that the thirty-five-year-old respectable literary figure started when he wrote his first fairy tale. And so that it would not seem small to the descendants, he himself (at different times and under different circumstances) offered at least three options for explaining when and why this happened. The most convincing option is a child. The sick son, who was on the road, on the train, needed to be somehow distracted and entertained. It was then that the words allegedly sounded for the first time, with which many generations later grew up:
lived and was
Crocodile.
He walked the streets...
The year was 1917 outside. A children's fairy tale published some time later, they immediately began to twirl this way and that for literary parody and political overtones (but of course!), But all this was completely unimportant, because it was at that moment, having composed his "Crocodile", publicist and literary critic Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky went, figuratively speaking, to another country. While the idea of ​​parallel worlds was only hovering over thinking humanity, a certain Chukovsky, without leaving Petrograd anywhere, simply crossed a certain line and became a children's classic. Straightaway. From the first line.
In the next ten years, a fountain of poetic tales unprecedented in Russian literature fell upon astonished readers: "Moydodyr", "Cockroach", "Fly-Tsokotuha", etc. And so that our metaphors about parallel worlds do not seem deliberate, read Chukovsky’s article “How I Became a Writer”, and the good grandfather Korney will tell you about August 29, 1923 - the time is actually not the best time for reckless happiness. He will tell how a forty-year-old man ran and jumped around an empty Petrograd apartment, how he shouted at the top of his voice: “Fly, Fly-Tsokotuha, Gilded Belly,” and when “in a fairy tale it came to dancing ... he began to dance himself.”
"Aibolit" was one of the last volleys of this fireworks. Many years later, Chukovsky insistently emphasized that it was no longer the fruit of spontaneous inspiration, but a long and careful work on the word. How and why the savior of Tanechka and Vanechka turned into an animal doctor, we will probably never know. Bibliographers report that the Russian translation of the first of Hugh Lofting's books was published in 1924, and the evil plagiarizers even hint that the further distribution of this book did not happen due to the intrigues of the thief Chukovsky. Somehow strange... Why did a brilliant translator from English need to read Lofting in Russian?.. Yes, and the first, POETIC "Aibolit" appeared almost ten years after Lofting published his Dolittle. In general, no one undertakes to compare the "original source" with the POEMS of the "plagiarist". And no wonder. We would inevitably have to admit that the plot coincidences are outlined by a dotted line (doctor - animals - Africa), and the main thing in the fairy tale, as in all Chukovsky's poetic fairy tales, is the verses themselves. And there is no formalism here. It's just that for readers from two to five years old, the sound is a little more important than the meaning.
And then it was time for prose. In the thirties, Korney Ivanovich wrote the story "Sunny" (which also has a doctor, for children), the story "Gymnasium" (about his own youth), makes many translations, retellings and adaptations, including "Baron Munchausen" (according to Raspe) and - "Doctor Aibolit" (according to Gyu Lofting). This time, indeed, the Englishman John Doolittle is visible to the naked eye: the plot of the prosaic Aibolit is a very free retelling for kids of the first of fourteen books by Hugh Lofting. It differs fundamentally from poetic Aibolit, like the moon from the sun. Now this is not just a doctor who, at any cost, through snow and storm, must get to his tailed "patients". Now he is the hero of numerous adventures. He fights Barmaley and pirates, saves a little boy and his father, and all this, of course, is very interesting, but instead of the joyful and swift radiance of poetic lines, we have just a folding narrative.
You will be surprised, but the story with Aibolit does not end there. In the country of Chukovsky, both good and evil heroes always freely passed from fairy tale to fairy tale, as soon as the author called them. There was even an attempt to use old acquaintances in a real struggle for a real victory: in 1943, a book “Let's overcome Barmaley” was published in a very small circulation in the city of Tashkent. There, the terrible country of Ferocity, under the command of the cannibal Barmaley, attacked the good country of Aibolitia, but from the great power of Chudoslavia, Ivan Vasilchikov (who once defeated the Crocodile) arrived in time to help ... Is it any wonder that nothing good came of this venture.
To be honest, personally, all the long ups and downs in the fate of the famous character are not very interesting to me. I'm interested in the beginning. That tense second, or a happy accident, or an insight from above (call it what you want!), When the writer Chukovsky removed the comma between the words “oh, it hurts!” and guessed that the new, whole word is the name of the doctor. In fact, he could do nothing else. Just take and write one line:
Good doctor Aibolit ...

"Glory to the good doctors!"

A good fabulous image is like a crystal glass. Every time she pours her own wine into it (well done, beautifully said!). Ever since the cinema won, this principle can be neither tested nor proven. While near-literary commentators are trying to distinguish malicious plagiarism from the natural germination of an idea, the cinema takes its toll without a word, releases some kind of remake sequel - and that's it. Is it possible to come up with a more desirable image for a patient of the 20th century than the smiling face of a kind doctor? ..
Almost simultaneously (in 1967), the Russian-speaking audience saw a film about Dr. Aibolit, and the English-speaking audience saw a film about Dr. Doolittle.
For people who were not yet born at that time, I can come up with reminiscences: Rolan Bykov's film "Aibolit-66" really hit the bull's-eye. Now we can only talk about this, but then the body itself literally began to breathe deeper, and if we could jump into the screen, we would probably stand next to Chichi the monkey and Avva the dog, only to go anywhere after Oleg Efremov as Aibolit. He was not a "free thinker" - he was free. Well, of course, everyone there is kind, brave, but most importantly - smart. Optimistically intelligent, which is extremely rare in general. He sang a beautiful song: "It's very good that we feel bad for now!". And the song almost turned into an unofficial anthem. American cinema failed at the first attempt. They say that because they lacked a sense of humor, which, alas, for some reason the Americans usually do not go beyond the barracks. But in 1998, persistent Americans made a new version, and it justified itself. He justified it so much that a sequel appeared already in 2001 (the same sequel to the remake), and, according to the Internet, this funny comedy looks literally “with a bang”. The main role in the film "Doctor Dolittle 2" is played by Eddie Murphy (Lofting would be surprised in his 1920!). The film is dedicated to... And what can a film made at the beginning of our century be dedicated to if animals act in it? Right. It is about ecology. American directors, as you know, are people on a grand scale, so 250 different animals frolic around the modern Dr. Dolittle. 70 species are represented: wolves, giraffes, opossums, raccoons, dogs, owls... And in the center of events is a romantic story of a bear and a she-bear, the successful conclusion of which is taken care of by kind Eddie Murphy. After all, the surname "Doolittle" is also, as you understand, speaking. Well, something like this: “doing little”, someone even wrote - “doing little”. But we know that it is the modest people who do their seemingly modest deeds well that sometimes turn out to be more important for humanity.
Of course, the good doctor Aibolit provided illustrators and animators with a great opportunity to show themselves - you just need to open at least a web search engine. We can (on behalf of Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky) give you advice on how to distinguish a good illustration for his texts from a bad one. Chukovsky told the artists: “more whirlwind…”, “generally more whirlwind”. Agree that this is a wonderful criterion.
And what a brand! Kindergartens, sweets, pharmacies, a bunch of clinics, clinics and medical centers named after the wonderful "veterinarian". What about the Aibolit computer service? And even a car service!
Chukovsky lived, as has already been said, for a long time and unconditional, nationwide glory of his good doctor, fortunately, he waited. And we were even more fortunate: without delving into any investigations and without blaming anyone for anything, we can now read poetry, prose, retelling, and a thorough translation of the “original source” (sorry for the quotes!), And Mr. Lofting, and a joyful whirlwind of young "Chukovsky" poems, when any occasion is suitable for singing.

One of the features of Chukovsky's creative manner is the presence of the so-called. "through" characters who move from fairy tale to fairy tale. At the same time, they do not unite the works of a certain sequential "series", but, as it were, exist in parallel in several worlds in different variations.
For example, Moidodyr can be found in "Telephone" and "Bibigon", and Crocodile Krokodilovich - in "Telephone", "Moidodyr" and "Barmaley". No wonder Chukovsky ironically called his fairy tales "crocodilians". Another favorite character - Behemoth - exists in Chukovsky's "mythology" in two guises - in fact, Behemoth and Hippo, which the author asks not to be confused ("Behemoth is a pharmacist, and Hippo is a king").

But probably the most versatile characters of the writer were the good doctor Aibolit and the evil cannibal pirate Barmaley. So in the prose "Doctor Aibolite" ("retelling according to Gyu Lofting") - the doctor comes from the foreign city of Pindemonte, in "Barmaley" - from Soviet Leningrad, and in the poem "Let's overcome Barmaley" - from the fairy-tale country of Aibolitia. The same with Barmaley. If in the fairy tale of the same name he corrects himself and goes to Leningrad, then in the prose version he is devoured by sharks, and in "Let's overcome Barmaley" they are completely shot from a machine gun.

The tales of Aibolit are a constant source of plagiarism controversy. Some believe that Korney Ivanovich shamelessly stole the plot from Hugh Lofting and his fairy tales about Dr. Dolittle, while others believe that Aibolit arose from Chukovsky earlier and only then was used in Lofting's retelling. ** And before we begin to restore the "dark "Aibolit's past, it is necessary to say a few words about the author of "Doctor Dolittle".

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So, Hugh Lofting was born in England in 1886 and, although he loved animals from childhood (he loved to mess with them on his mother's farm and even organized a home zoo), he did not learn to be a zoologist or veterinarian at all, but a railway engineer. However, the profession allowed him to visit the exotic countries of Africa and South America. In 1912, Lofting moved to live in New York, started a family and even began to write various profile articles in magazines. But since he still remained a British subject, with the outbreak of the 1st World War he was called to the front as a lieutenant of the Irish Guards. His children missed their dad very much, and he promised to constantly write letters to them. But will you write to the kids about the surrounding carnage? And now, under the impression of the picture of horses dying in the war, Lofting began to compose a fairy tale about a kind doctor who learned animal language and helped various animals in every possible way. The doctor received a very telling name "Do-Little" ("Do small things"), which makes one remember Chekhov and his principle of "small deeds".

H. Lofting:
"My children were waiting at home for letters from me - better with pictures than without. It was hardly interesting to write reports from the front to the younger generation: the news was either too terrible or too boring. In addition, they were all censored. One thing, however, everything what attracted my attention more was the significant role that animals played in the World War, and over time they seemed to become no less fatalists than people. They took risks just like the rest of us. But their fate was very different from that of humans. No matter how seriously wounded a soldier was, they fought for his life, all the means of surgery, which had developed perfectly during the war, were sent to his aid. the same danger they faced, why didn't they give them the same attention when they were injured? Would knowledge of horse language. That's how I came up with this idea..."

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When Lofting was demobilized due to injury, he decided to rework his fairy tale. On a ship bound for New York, the British poet Cecil Roberts saw the manuscript and recommended that he contact the publisher. And in 1920, the "History of Doctor Dolittle" was published in the USA, illustrated by the author himself. The publication was a steady success, and throughout his life, Lofting wrote 14 books about Dolittle.

In 1924, Doolittle was also noticed in Soviet Russia. The publisher ordered two translations of the fairy tale. The first was designed for middle-aged children, and it was performed by E. Khavkina. Subsequently, it was forgotten and was not reprinted in the USSR again. But the second version, bearing the heading "Guy Lofting. Dr. Aibolit. K. Chukovsky retold for small children", had a long and rich history. It was the target audience that became the reason that the language of the fairy tale is very simplified. In addition, Chukovsky wrote that he "introduced dozens of realities into his revision that are not in the original."
And indeed, in new editions, the "retelling" was constantly reworked. So Doolittle turned into Aibolit, the dog Jeep - into Abva, the pig Jab-Jab - into Oink-oink, the boring prude puritan and the doctor's sister Sarah - into a completely evil Barbara, and the native king Jolinginka and the pirate Ben-Ali will completely merge into a single the image of a cannibal pirate Barmaley.
And although the retelling of "Doctor Aibolit" constantly accompanied the subtitle "according to Gyu Lofting", in the 1936 edition there was a cryptic editorial afterword:
“A very strange thing happened a few years ago: two writers at two ends of the world wrote the same fairy tale about the same person. One writer lived across the ocean, in America, and the other lived in the USSR, in Leningrad. Gyu Lofting, and the other - Korney Chukovsky. They had never seen each other and had not even heard of each other. One wrote in Russian, and the other in English, one in verse, and the other in prose. But the tales they turned out to be very similar , because in both fairy tales the same hero: a kind doctor who treats animals ... ".

So after all: who invented Aibolit? If you do not know that the first retelling of Lofting came out back in 1924, then it seems that Chukovsky simply took Aibolit from his poetic tales and simply placed it in the retelling. But given this fact, everything does not look so simple, because "Barmaley" was written in the same year as the retelling, and the first version of the poetic "Aibolit" was written 4 years later.

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Chukovsky himself claimed that the doctor appeared in the first improvisational version of "Crocodile", which he composed for his sick son.

K. Chukovsky, from the diary, 10/20/1955 .:
"... and there was "Doctor Aibolit" as one of the characters; only he was called then:" Oibolit ". I introduced this doctor there to soften the heavy impression that Kolya had from the Finnish surgeon."

Chukovsky also wrote that the Jewish doctor from Vilna, Timofei Osipovich Shabad, whom he met in 1912, became the prototype of a good doctor for him. He was so kind that he agreed to treat the poor, and sometimes animals, for free.

K. Chukovsky:
“Doctor Shabad was the kindest person I knew in my life. A thin girl would come to him, he would say to her: “Do you want me to write you a prescription? No, milk will help you. Come to me every morning and you will get two glasses of milk."

Whether the idea of ​​writing a fairy tale about an animal doctor really swirled in Chukovsky’s head or not, one thing is clear: the acquaintance with Lofting clearly served as an incentive for its appearance. And then almost original work began.

The first poetic tale where the doctor and his antagonist appeared was "Barmaley" (published in 1925). The villain owes his name to Barmaleeva Street, which Chukovsky and the artist M. Dobuzhinsky somehow came out of while walking around Leningrad.

K. Chukovsky, "Chukokkala":
“Why does this street have such a name?” I asked. “Who was this Barmaley? Catherine II’s lover? General?
“No,” Dobuzhinsky said confidently. - It was a robber. The famous pirate Here, write a story about him. He was like this. In a cocked hat, with such mustaches. - And, taking out an album from his pocket, Dobuzhinsky drew Barmaley. Returning home, I composed a fairy tale about this robber, and Dobuzhinsky decorated it with his charming drawings.

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"Barmaley" is probably one of the writer's most reckless tales; it's not for nothing that he himself called it either an "operetta" or an "adventurous novel for young children."

"I called my fairy tale about Barmaley an operetta, because it consists of a whole series of lyrical arias, connected by a parodic perceived dramatic plot. But, of course, this operetta is not a vocal, but purely verbal, since, in my opinion, in children from the earliest age, it is necessary to cultivate a sense not only of musical, but also of poetic rhythm. I tried to serve this task with all my children's books, since phonetics is put forward in them in the first place (and every change in the plot corresponds to a change in rhythm). But I am writing a verbal operetta for the first time ... ".

K. Chukovsky, "Workbook", 1924-1926:
“Barmaley was written, so to speak, out of controversy. Somehow, among the teachers, there was a conversation that an adventurous story was accessible only to 13-15-year-old teenagers and that small children of about five years old were not ripe for it. It turned out that all these Bussenars and Coopers are specially adapted for children of the age that corresponds to that period in the history of the human race when man was a nomadic nomad, since they still do not have a love for nature.

Despite the opening tale, the moral about why children should not walk around Africa, Tanechka and Vanechka not only walk on it, but also behave extremely boorishly. In the original edition, the children were even more impudent - they ride on the tail of a gorilla (actually, a tailless gorilla) and threaten to "teach the lanterns" to Barmaley himself. After that, Barmaley is quite rightly going to fry them at the stake. By the way, in the early version and in the first drawings, the cannibal is depicted in African “black machine”, like the king of Joings in Lofing (later the Negro description will disappear).
But then Dr. Aibolit arrives to help the impudent children. He does not heal anyone here yet, and Barmaley is not a rival, so he also ends up in a fire. However, Aibolit has some authority among animals and the well-known Crocodile comes to his aid. What happened next is known - a correctional term in a crocodile belly and "freedom with a clear conscience."
As you can see, there is almost nothing left of Lofting in this tale.

The same applies to the second poetic tale about Aibolit, which is united with "Doolittle" only by the outline of the doctor's journey to Africa in order to cure the animals.

K. Chukovsky:
“Inspiration came to me in the Caucasus - in the highest degree absurd and inopportunely - while swimming in the sea. I swam quite far, and suddenly, under the spell of the sun, the hot wind and the Black Sea waves, the words formed themselves:

Oh if I drown
If I go down...

I ran naked along the rocky shore and, hiding behind the nearest rock, began to write lines of poetry with wet hands on a wet cigarette box lying right there, near the water's edge, and at once in an hour I jotted down twenty or more lines. The story had neither beginning nor end.

During treatment in Kislovodsk in 1928, Chukovsky's observation of others gave birth to another quatrain.

"And around the sick, pale thin
Coughing and moaning, crying and screaming -
These are camels, little guys.
Pity, pity the poor little camels."

Until now, South African travel agencies are perplexed about the strange attraction for Russian tourists of an uninteresting river called Limpopo. It was "Limpopo" that was the first name of the fairy tale "Aibolit". The name of the river came from the "Elephant" by R. Kipling, which was translated by Chukovsky. It also became the first long word that his daughter Mura (Maria) uttered, and among the children of the writer and a kind of synonym for the word "good."

"So he cured them,
Limpopo!
So he cured the sick.
Limpopo!
And they went to laugh
Limpopo!
And dance and play
Limpopo!"

The funny phonetics of the word was much more important for Chukovsky than geographical realities. If you start checking the location of places on the map while reading Aibolit, then you will be pretty taken aback.

"We live in Zanzibar,
In the Kalahari and the Sahara
On Mount Fernando Po,
Where hippo walks
Along the wide Limpopo".

The bouquet of diseases in animals is also very impressive:

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"Both measles and diphtheria they have,
And smallpox, and bronchitis they have,
And their head hurts
And my throat hurts."

And non-traditional methods of treatment of Aibolit.

"And Aibolit runs to the hippos,
And slaps them on the tummies
And all in order
Gives you chocolate
And puts and puts thermometers for them!

But all this is perfectly understood by small readers.

By the way, the typewritten version of "Limpopo" was quite different from the published one. Firstly, the villain Barmaley reappeared in it, attacking the doctor along the way. Secondly, for almost the first time in Chukovsky's children's work, a "social" theme arose, when strong and predatory animals did not allow Aibolit to treat the weak and small, as a result of which a real war began, in which the "humiliated and insulted" rebuffed the "oppressors".
Then Chukovsky had enough taste and measure to remove these passages.

Soon "Limpopo" changed its name to "Aibolit", and the doctor himself became one of the most popular characters in Soviet culture. Aibolit is even depicted in the illustrations of the fairy tale "Telephone", although initially the author himself was meant by her hero. Chukovsky even displayed in it, which tormented him all his life, insomnia:

"I haven't slept for three nights,
I'm tired.
I would like to sleep
Relax…
But as soon as I lay down -
Call!"

In 1938, on the basis of the 2nd and 3rd parts of the prose "Doctor Aibolit", a film was made according to the script by E. Schwartz with the famous song:

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"Shita rita, tita drita!
Shivandaza, Shivanda!
We are native Aibolit
We will never leave!"

In 1967, a cheerful musical film "Aibolit-66" will be released, where a song about "normal heroes" and Barmaley performed by Rolan Bykov will be especially remembered.
And in 1985, the completely ironic animated series "Doctor Aibolit" will appear on the screens, which includes almost the entire fairy tale epic of Chukovsky.

Only one fairy tale about Aibolit will be left behind, in which Chukovsky for the first time violates several of his principles. But this tale and the writer's relationship with the Soviet censorship are yet to be discussed.

APPLICATION

Anecdotes according to Chukovsky

Alcohol, clonidine and diphenhydramine - it was these three components that made Aibolit kind ...

Once upon a time there lived a kind doctor Aibolit. He cut off the legs of the rich and sewed them on for the poor...

MOYDODYR comes out of the bedroom, and GIRL DRIVES run out of the kitchen to meet him.

Moidodyr - for a boy:
- Here's a fragrant soap and ... a fluffy rope!

TO BE CONTINUED