EICC network - free search for business partners in Russia and abroad. Production of disposable tableware Equipment for the production of plastic tableware

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Disposable plastic utensils are no longer a novelty. This is an affordable and convenient way to reduce cleaning time and the weight of luggage on vacation or during transportation. Despite the noise periodically rising in the press about the harm of plastic containers, it is in wide and constant demand. Because this is comfort for little money, and the “danger” of plastic for food is easily neutralized by its correct use. This product will always have its buyer. But will its production be profitable? Let's consider it step by step.

Areas of application and possible marketing

Plastic products presented in today's disposable tableware market: plates, cups, glasses, skewers, drink stirrers, spoons, knives, forks, trays and food storage containers of various shapes and sizes. Dishes are made of plain and foamed polystyrene (for cold products) or polypropylene (for high temperatures, microwave ovens).

Scopes of plastic utensils:

• catering points operating on the principles of "fast food" (pancake shops, pizzerias, children's cafes, canteens);
• enterprises for the delivery of ready-made meals to your home or office;
• grocery stores;
• food production enterprises;
• retail outlets with goods by weight (confectionery, dairy products, ready-made salads).

A huge segment of the disposable tableware market is occupied by plastic cups - they are used almost everywhere: in offices, sanatoriums, children's and sports facilities (for coolers, in vending machines for hot and cold drinks, in catering). Of course, the level of competition here is much higher than in the manufacture of other plastic tableware products.

To start production, you should decide on the product range. To do this, you need to assess the presence of competing enterprises in the region, their range and pricing policy. Despite the large number of offers on the market of plastic products, there may not be worthy competitors, since a huge amount of plastic utensils are brought from China, and, as practice shows, the buyer is more loyal to a domestic manufacturer, even if the price of his products is higher.

Organizational issues of registering a business for the production of plastic utensils

The choice of organizational form for the legal registration of a business depends on the size of the planned profit. It can be either an individual entrepreneur (for a small enterprise) or an LLC. The latter, despite the greater number of paperwork, is much easier to agree on cooperation with large enterprises both in the purchase of raw materials and in the conclusion of contracts for the supply of finished products. Traditionally, there is more trust in a legal entity. Yes, and VAT refunds are important in the tax optimization procedure. Therefore, the optimal organizational form for starting production is an LLC on the general taxation system, including VAT.

The following code should be indicated as the main activity: 25.24.2 Manufacture of plastic tableware, kitchen utensils and toiletries

The activity for the production of plastic utensils is not licensed, but it will be necessary to issue certificates and technical specifications for the compliance of finished products with SanPiN standards and the requirements of GOSTs.

Pay attention to the following regulatory documents:

• GOST R 50962-96 - “Utensils and household items made of plastic. General technical conditions”;
• GOST 15820-82 - "Polystyrene and styrene copolymers";
• GN 2.3.3.972-00 - instead of SanPiN No. 42-123-4240-86 "Permissible migration quantities (DKM) of chemicals emitted from polymeric and other materials in contact with food and methods for their determination";
• SP 2.2.2.1327-03 - "Hygienic requirements for the organization of technological processes, production equipment and workplace";
• GN 2.2.4.1313-03 - "MAC of harmful substances in the air of the working area".

The nuances of choosing a production facility

If it is planned to manufacture a full cycle with the operation of an extruder, the following requirements must be met:

• the height of the room is not lower than 4.5 m;
• floor - concrete or tile;
• walls - 1.5-2 m from the floor surface are finished with non-combustible material;
• good ventilation; - possibility of connection to the water supply system;
• connection to a 3-phase power supply.

If the finished film is used as a raw material (in fact, work is carried out on a thermal press and packaging), the ceiling height is acceptable lower, but not less than 3.5 m.

According to the functional purpose, the production room should be divided into the following zones:

• Workshop for the production of plastic utensils;
• Administrative and amenity premises;
• Warehouse for storage of raw materials;
• Warehouse for storage of finished products;
• Locker rooms for staff;
• Bathroom.

Raw materials - choose quality

Technological process of plastic tableware production

Depending on the type of product, there are two technologies for the production of plastic utensils: molding and casting. Thick-walled tableware (cutlery, premium-class goods: glasses, wine glasses, glasses according to individually made forms) is made by the casting method. The casting process is rather slow, the production cost is high, since here the weight determines the quality and strength of the finished product. For example, the weight of a standard cup with a capacity of 200 ml is 3 g, made by injection molding - up to 10g.

The manufacture of dishes by the molding method is more promising for mass consumption. The automated molding line can produce up to 30 million cups (13-18 million plates) per month.

Let's consider step by step the technology of manufacturing plastic utensils in this way:

1. Raw materials in the form of polyester residues (recycled) or finished pellets are fed into the extruder. If it is planned to produce colored dishes, colored ones are added to white granules.

2. In the extruder, the granules are heated to the melting temperature, the melt is constantly mixed with a screw press. Having reached the desired consistency, the mass passes through the press, forming a plastic sheet, about 2 mm thick. Basic requirement- uniform thickness of the resulting product.

3. Ready film roll enters thermoforming machine, where, depending on the type of product, molds of various configurations are used.

4. But before forming blanks for future dishes, the film must be heated. To do this, it is sent through a 3-meter furnace, which heats the material to a plastic state.

5. In the thermoforming machine, the web is sucked tightly into the molds.

With the help of a press, finished products (cups, plates, packages) are squeezed row by row.

7. The resulting film cuts are disposed of for further use. Thus, the production process is waste-free.

8. The trimmer transfers the products to the machine, which stacks the products and transfers them to the conveyor belt.

9. The tape transfers products to packaging. Or for further modification (heating and rolling of the upper edge of the cups, to form rounded rims; applying printed images and logos), and then on the packaging.

We draw up a business plan for the production of plastic dishes

1. Enterprise LLC "X" plans to produce the following product

• cutlery (spoons, knives, forks);
• glasses (with a capacity of 200 ml);
• plates.

2. Raw materials

• for the manufacture of cutlery and plates - polypropylene;
• for cups - polystyrene.

The manufactured products will be transparent (glasses) and white (the rest of the goods), since the color additives contain dyes-chemicals that are harmful to health. Waste-free production (film residues are remelted in an extruder for further use).

3. Sales

• stationary catering points (50%);
• population and offices (20%) - seasonal outdoor retail outlets (20%);
• cafe (5%);
• enterprises for the delivery of meals, the production of pastries and confectionery (8%).

4. Room

Rented industrial premises - 500 m 2 * 1400 rubles / m 2. Rental price - 700,000 rubles / month. (8,400,000 rubles/year)

5. Capital investment

A) Technological equipment (the price includes delivery of the line to the production workshop, installation, commissioning, personnel training):

• Extruder - 1,048,950 rubles,
• Thermoforming machines - 2 pieces * 672,000 rubles = 1,344,000 rubles,
• Molds - 5 pieces * 241 710 = 1 208 550 rubles,
• Compressor - 600,600 rubles.

B) Additional equipment:

• 2 computers and office equipment - 65,100 rubles,
• transport (Gazelle car) - 3 * 82,950 = 248,850 rubles.

Total - 4,516,050 rubles.

6.Calculation of production capacity

M = release rate (according to technical data) * equipment operating time

It is planned to work in 2 shifts of 8 hours with a break for lunch (Saturday, Sunday, official holidays - days off).

Projected equipment operation time = (calendar days - weekends - holidays) * number of working hours * number of shifts \u003d 249 * 7 * 2 \u003d 3486 hours / year

Excluding 60 hours/year of downtime for maintenance and repair work - 3426 hours/year.
Production capacity \u003d productivity rate * number of equipment in operation * equipment operation time

In accordance with the characteristics of the equipment, we will calculate the production capacity for each type of product:

M (glasses) \u003d 20,000 pieces * 1 * 3426 h \u003d 68,520,000 pieces / year

M (plates) = 18,000 pieces * 1 * 3426h = 61,668,000 pieces / year

M (knives) = 21,000 pieces * 1 * 3426h = 71,946,000 pieces / year

M (forks) = 21,000 pieces * 1 * 3426h = 71,946,000 pieces / year

M (spoons) \u003d 21000 pieces * 1 * 3426h \u003d 71,946,000 pieces / year

7. Calculation of material costs

Material costs for the production of 1 unit of production = the amount of consumable material * the purchase price of the material.

Plates (0.005 kg x 61,668,000 pieces) x 40 rubles = 12,333,600 rubles.

Cups (0.004 kg x 68,520,000 pieces) x 36 rubles = 9,866,880 rubles.

Cutlery - (0.002 kg x 71946000 pieces x 3) x 40 rubles = 17,267,040 rubles.

Other material costs (packaging, fuel, etc.) - 9,866,880 rubles.

Total material costs - 49,334,400 rubles / year.

8. Personnel and payroll

The number and total payroll for the year (including vacation pay and bonuses in the season) to ensure 2-shift work of the enterprise:

• Director - 435,600 rubles,
• Accountant - 382,800 rubles,
• Technologists (2 * 211,200 rubles) - 422,400 rubles,
• Equipment adjusters (2*204,600 rubles) - 409,200 rubles,
• Workers (20 * 198,000) - 3,960,000 rubles,
• Loaders (4 * 184 800) - 739 200 rubles,
• Drivers (4 * 171600) - 686 400 rubles,
• Cleaners (2 * 165,000) - 330,000 rubles.

Total total wage fund - 7,365,600 rubles / year

Payroll taxes (UST) will amount to 1,915,056 rubles/year

During the high season (April-September), it is planned to create additional places and flexible working hours for general workers (students).

9. Calculation of the cost of production

The cost of a unit of production is calculated as the sum of material costs, wages and social needs (UST), depreciation and other costs (rent + advertising).

Plates - 14,309,976 (material costs) + 1,473,120 (salary) + 383,011.2 (UST) + 1,578,821 (depreciation) + 1,741,000 (rent + advertising) = 19,485,928.20 rubles

The cost of 1 plate is 19,485,928.20 rubles / 61,668,000 pieces = 0.32 rubles

By analogy, we calculate the cost of other products:

• cups - 0.25 rubles / piece,
• cutlery - 0.18 rubles / piece

10. Determination of the selling wholesale price

Unit price \u003d Cost price of 1 piece + Profit margin (according to standards - 25%)

We calculate the minimum sales price threshold for wholesale:

• plates - 0.32 + (0.32 * 25%) \u003d 0.40 rubles.
• glasses - 0.25 + (0.25 * 25%) \u003d 0.31 rubles.
• cutlery - 0.18 + (0.18 * 25%) \u003d 0.23 rubles.

11. Calculation of the production program

Sales proceeds \u003d number of pieces of products / year * price per piece

Glasses - 68,520,000 pieces / year * 0.31 rubles = 21,241,200 rubles / year

Plates - 61,668,000 pieces / year * 0.40 rubles = 24,667,200 rubles / year

Knives - 71,946,000 pieces / year * 0.23 rubles = 16,547,580 rubles / year

Forks - 71,946,000 pieces / year * 0.23 rubles = 16,547,580 rubles / year

Spoons - 71,946,000 pieces / year * 0.23 rubles = 16,547,580 rubles / year

Total revenue for the year: 95,551,140 rubles / year.

12. Calculation of balance and net profit

Based on the calculated data, we draw up a financial plan for the production of plastic utensils in value terms:

• Sales proceeds - 95,551,140 rubles / year,
• The cost of dishes - 75 217 160 rubles / year,
• Profit from sales (balance sheet) - 20,333,980 rubles / year, (Revenue - Cost)
• Income tax (20%) - 4,066,796 rubles / year, Net profit \u003d Balance sheet profit - Income tax \u003d 16,267,184 rubles / year.

13. Profitability calculation

Product profitability is calculated by the formula: P = (Balance profit: Cost) x 100% P = 20,333,980: 75,217,160 * 100% = 27%

Conclusion: The plastic tableware business is profitable with large scale sales. Subject to the estimated load of production capacities, the initial investment in a business project can pay off within 2-3 months.

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Russian factories of disposable tableware

— catalog for 2020. The goods were provided by 50 enterprises. Disposable tableware factories:

• "Plastic DV".
• "Atlas".
• "Artplast".
• "Bulgari Green" and others.

Manufacturers have mastered the production of plastic and paper products. Products from plastic occupied 80% of the market, from paper 20%. The companies offered an assortment: cups, containers, plates. The production also produces glasses for vending machines with drinks. The production equipment has been upgraded. Companies have mastered sales through online stores.

Manufacturing organizations have launched the production of recycled plastic products. Food manufacturers and food companies are using disposable utensils everywhere. The business has introduced new packaging methods, used safe raw materials and materials. Prices for Russian products are up to 70% more profitable than imported ones.

Transport organizations will help with delivery in Moscow and the Moscow region, to federal regions and abroad. Enterprises have entered addresses and phone numbers in the "Contacts" tab on the exhibition website. The Russian manufacturer is looking for suppliers, wholesale buyers. An employee of the company will inform you how to buy goods in bulk, download the price list, and conclude a dealer agreement. The list is being updated.

The choice of equipment for the production of disposable tableware should be approached responsibly, because demand and profit will depend on the quality of products.

Raw materials for disposable tableware

The material used in the manufacture of containers

Initially, disposable tableware was paper. Now laminated cardboard with a density of 130–280 g/m 2 is chosen for its production. Lamination is performed with a layer of 10-20 microns. Such containers are suitable for advertising or creating branded dishes. For example, in a coffee shop chain, it is important to use cups with the name of the establishment and its slogan.

Until recently, Finnish paper was the favorite. Now the domestic production of high-quality cardboard is gaining momentum.

In the production of plastic tableware, different types of polymers are used as raw materials, depending on the required characteristics of finished products and production capacities. For the full cycle, granular polystyrene is used, which looks like foam spheres. For a shortened production cycle, use polystyrene or polypropylene film.

is an amorphous polymeric thermoplastic mass made from benzene and ethylene by polymerization. The material has a sufficiently high gas permeability, due to which it is often used in the production of cups for fermented milk products. The disadvantage of polystyrene is brittleness.

- partially crystallized polymer with thermoplastic properties. It is made from propylene by combining molecules together into large molecules. This material is not so fragile, and its production is cheaper than polystyrene. The disadvantages of polypropylene are the complexity that requires strict adherence to temperature, and the impossibility of storing the polymer at a negative temperature, which makes the raw material brittle.

The main advantages of disposable tableware

The undoubted advantages of disposable products are:

• Safety. Plastic products are made from flexible materials with which it is impossible to get hurt or completely break it.
• Hygiene. In catering establishments, the use of disposable tableware guarantees the cleanliness of food containers.
• Saving. No need to waste time and money (detergents, water and its heating) on ​​washing dishes.
• Convenience. Indispensable in establishments selling takeaway food and drinks.

Required equipment and its functions

For a full cycle of production of disposable plastic tableware, several types of equipment are needed:

• extruder - necessary to obtain sheets of polystyrene;
• thermoforming machine - creates the necessary shape;
• compressor;
• crusher - an apparatus for grinding recyclables or production waste;
• packing table;
• granulator.

extruder is a machine in which polystyrene or polypropylene granules are melted. The molten mass is stirred with a screw to a homogeneous consistency. The semi-liquid material is passed through the rolls and exits through the slit-like opening as finished sheets. In quality models, the following points are important:

• wear-resistant steel is used for the screw;
• large ratio of length and diameter of the screw;
• shaft and screw balancing accuracy;
• uniform film thickness.

thermoforming machine heats a sheet of plastic and makes recesses of the required shape in it. For the production of forks and spoons, a different principle is used - molten polystyrene or polypropylene is poured into the prepared mold. Finished products are quickly cooled, in just a few seconds, and follow the packaging line.

Crusher or crusher It is designed for shredding plastic film residues after stamping. The crushed plastic is sent to a granulator, where it is again turned into plastic balls.

On the packing table at low production capacities, sometimes the dishes are packed by hand. But it is more efficient to use a special machine for counting finished products and their subsequent packaging.

If there are financial possibilities, the owner can purchase not individual devices, but a ready-made automated line.

Equipment for the production of tableware in a partial cycle includes only thermoforming machines and a packaging line.

Paper cup makers

The production of paper products for food requires different equipment.

The most important apparatus is the molding machine. The main difference between the models is the method of joining the seam of the glass - thermal or ultrasonic. For a small production, a thermoforming machine is suitable, which performs a seam by heating with the help of electricity. Such equipment is relatively inexpensive and easy to manage. The energy consumption of the machine is 5-7 kW, with a production capacity of about 40 pieces per minute.

Modern models of paper cup forming machines have a variety of additional features that improve the quality of the finished product and line performance:

• Swiss system Leister of connection of a bottom with sides;
• pneumatic stacker of cups in tubes;
• PLC control system;
• a defect detection system that sorts out defective products.

It is important to provide for the manufacture of covers. For their production, a separate apparatus is required.

The highest quality is Japanese technology. Used equipment can cost almost 2 times cheaper. But it is necessary to correlate the risks of failure of machines, and the cost of their maintenance.

The nuances of choosing equipment

When deciding to invest in the creation of the production of disposable cutlery, several points must be taken into account.

All disposable tableware must be certified

Planned production capacity of the enterprise. Based on it, the choice of premises, equipment, selection of personnel, estimated costs for materials and resources, including utilities, planned profits are made.

Workshop size. Be sure to control these parameters so that the selected equipment fits into the room. It is important to remember about auxiliary premises (bathroom for staff).

Technical characteristics of selected machines. They must match the productivity of the shop. An important point is the consumption of electricity and the ease of maintenance and repair of devices.

The conditions and price of equipment delivery are also important.

Features of the production of plastic and paper utensils

The production of disposable tableware is a multi-stage process. But its features will differ from the type of raw material used.

The production of plastic utensils in the full cycle takes place in stages:

1. The selected polystyrene beads are sent to the extruder, in which, when heated, they become a liquid with the consistency of sour cream. The auger mixes the raw material into a homogeneous mass.
2. This mass passes through the rolls into a narrow opening. The thickness of the plastic sheet can be adjusted by the distance between the extruder rolls. In some models, it is possible to manufacture a multilayer film.
3. From the film with the help of thermoforming equipment, dishes of the required shape are made.
4. Finished products are sent to the packaging line.
5. Waste sheets, after cutting out blanks from them, are sent to the crusher. From the crushed plastic in the granulator, balls are produced, which are returned to the production cycle.

All devices are quite simple. More modern modifications have full automation of processes with the possibility of minimal operator intervention. Equipment for this is both foreign and domestic. The choice usually depends on the price and delivery conditions.

Paper dishes

The manufacture of disposable tableware from paper requires completely different equipment, which is not yet produced by domestic factories.

The usual production scheme includes:

• supply of sheets of cardboard for the walls of cups;
• rolling paper into cylinders;
• the formation of the sides;
• cutting and joining bottoms.

There are multifunctional devices for the manufacture of different types of disposable tableware. But still, some addition will be required: printers for creating exclusive dishes, moldings, which are a matrix for paper products. Blanks for the formation of sides are needed in different sizes.

The image and inscriptions are applied to paper at the initial stage before the formation of blanks.

The seams of paper cups are ultrasonic or thermally processed. The soldering made by the ultrasonic method is stronger and can be performed continuously with high productivity. A seam made by a thermal method is less expensive.

Bogdana Zhuravskaya

The production of disposable tableware is a promising and profitable line of business for an entrepreneur who is not afraid of a high threshold for entering the market. Along with significant capital investments, it is necessary to be ready to overcome a number of risks. The main one is the lack of a large number of highly qualified technologists and open information about the nuances of the production process. In addition, the environmental movement is becoming more and more popular in our country. This means that it is necessary to build your activities taking into account the fact that sooner or later you will have to reformat the enterprise for the production of a biologically degradable product.

In anticipation of the launch

There are many types of disposable tableware. Conventionally, products can be divided into several large groups: plastic, paper, wood and the so-called environmentally friendly. The latter category includes both dishes made of biodegradable plastic, and recent developments, when cups and plates are made from a wide variety of raw materials, such as cereals (edible dishes), cane, corn starch, leaves, bamboo, etc.

Before launching a project, an entrepreneur needs to clearly indicate what type of product he will produce. There are currently no universal lines, and launching an enterprise with a large number of installations for products from different materials will require huge investments. Another difficulty is to obtain an efficient technology for the production of disposable tableware. Finding detailed information in the public domain is not easy, and qualified technologists are worth their weight in gold. Therefore, the easiest way to set up the process is to train personnel from the equipment manufacturer.

Further, agreements should be concluded with suppliers of raw materials. There are not so many of them on the territory of the Russian Federation, so we can consider options for cooperation with foreign partners. In any case, it is not advisable to focus on only one manufacturer, because a supply failure can cause downtime for a new enterprise.

Having decided on the above questions, you can begin to search for equipment and develop project documentation. As already mentioned, the financial threshold for entering the market is quite high. So, just for the purchase of a minimum set of equipment for the production of plastic disposable tableware, about 12 million rubles will be required. Having a well-developed business plan in hand, it makes sense to start working using investors' funds.

Basic risks

Potential customers are in no hurry to conclude preliminary contracts with a new manufacturer and are ready to consider proposals only if they have the required volume of finished products and a package of documents confirming the compliance of goods with the requirements of GOST and SanPiN.

As for competition, here you will have to deal with a pool of domestic and foreign companies, most of which hold strong positions in the market, have certain experience and, what is important, the trust of customers. For example, Chinese manufacturers, due to the huge volumes, are able to offer very attractive price offers.

Another conditional difficulty is the seasonal demand for products. Keeping the balance will help expand the range.

The main consumers of disposable tableware

Among the wholesale buyers that the manufacturer of disposable tableware needs to focus on:

• , canteens, pizzerias and other catering establishments;
• seasonal stalls selling takeaway food;
• food delivery services;
• markets of various formats, catering companies with their own culinary production;
• agencies for organizing picnics and outings;
• enterprises engaged in the sale of vegetables and fruits.

As you can see, the list of opportunities for marketing products is quite wide. The entrepreneur only needs to form a profitable offer and convey information about it to as many partners as possible.

Types of disposable tableware

In order to comprehensively meet consumer demand, the manufacturer's assortment should include disposable tableware for drinks, soups, second courses, snacks, packaging of various products, as well as salad bowls, cutlery, straws, plastic lids for take-out drinks and stirring sticks.

For the manufacture of products, several types of raw materials can be used: plastic, including its degradable variety, special paper, wood. In addition, dishes made from natural materials are gaining popularity.

Disposable plastic tableware

Plastic cookware has a number of advantages. It is convenient, hygienic, practical, and is very inexpensive. The versatility of the material allows the production of a wide range of products - plates, cups, cutlery, straws, stirring sticks of various colors, shapes and sizes. If necessary, you can apply a logo or a bright pattern.

Equipment for the production of plastic tableware

The standard line for the production of disposable tableware contains:

• thermoforming machine;
• extruder;
• mold;
• compressor.

The minimum cost of a set of equipment is about 3 million rubles. costs for the first batch of raw materials - from 100 thousand rubles.

Manufacturing technology + Video

Two types of plastic are used for the production of dishes:

• polypropylene foam (durable, plastic, resistant to heat, dishes from it can be used for hot dishes and drinks, denoted by PP with the number 5);
• polystyrene (products do not withstand heat, food cannot be stored in them, denoted by PS with the number 6).

The raw materials for the production of plastic dishes are granular polymers that look like balls of. The price per ton of granules fluctuates in the range of 45-100 thousand rubles, which depends on the brand, diameter and other characteristics.

This raw material is used by full-cycle enterprises, where it is supposed to melt the granules and make a film from which plastic utensils are produced. In an incomplete cycle, the manufacturer uses finished film worth 100-190 thousand rubles. per ton.

The full production cycle of disposable tableware includes the following steps:

• Pellet melting. White or, if we are talking about the manufacture of colored dishes, multi-colored balls are placed in an extruder, where the raw material is heated to the melting temperature with constant stirring by a screw press.
• Film making. Having reached the desired consistency, the mass is fed to a press, through which a plastic sheet 2 mm thick is obtained.
• Shaping products. The film enters the thermoforming unit, warms up to a plastic state and is pulled into molds.
• Cutting elements. The whole web with the formed dishes is moved to the trimmer, where the individual elements are separated from the solid web. Plastic pieces are sent for recycling.
• Next, the dishes are sorted and fed to the conveyor, where they are modified - applying logos, bending the edges, etc.
• Package. The machine selects the required number of products and places them in a film.

In a similar way, the production of dishes from biodegradable plastic is carried out.

Video how to do it:

Disposable tableware made of bioplastic

Disposable tableware made of biodegradable plastic is positioned as "green", but the material, although to a lesser extent than its biodegradable counterpart, still pollutes the environment, since methane and carbon dioxide are released during decomposition. However, green lifestyle advocates welcome this “lesser evil” decision and are happy to use the product.

Main competitors

Among the giants of the disposable tableware market, the following companies can be noted: U2B, My Dishes, GORNOV GROUP, Plastic-Step, Misteriya, Papperskopp Rus, Huhtamaki, Trial Market, PapStar, The Paper Cup Company.