Presentation on the topic n in gogol overcoat. Presentation on the topic "Overcoat" by N.V. Gogol. How through the story "The Overcoat" the writer was looking for a way to the living soul

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Parable about a man

On a hot summer day, the ancient Athenians saw Demosthenes in the square with a burning lantern in his hands. “What are you looking for?” they asked. “I am looking for a man,” Demosthenes answered, and continued on his way. After a while, the Athenians again turned to Demosthenes: - So what are you looking for, Demosthenes? -I'm looking for a person... -Whom: him, me..? - I'm looking for Che-lo-ve-ka!

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So what does it mean to be human? How is a person different from a thing? Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and his story "The Overcoat" will help us answer these and other questions.

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As through the story "The Overcoat" the writer was looking for a way to the living soul.

Can a soul be dead? No, the soul is immortal. - Well, if it is “dead”, then it is closed to light, love, goodness. Such "stillborn" characters inhabit Gogol's poem. The writer did not find a counterweight to them in life, and therefore burned the second volume of Dead Souls. The realization of this drove Gogol to madness. The thought of a person whose soul was breathed into by God, and whose fate is often determined by the devil, apparently did not leave Gogol. This topic, in fact, is devoted to "Petersburg Tales".

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"Petersburg Tales"

a new step in the development of Russian realism. This cycle includes the stories: “Nevsky Prospekt”, “The Nose”, “Portrait”, “Carriage”, “Notes of a Madman” and “Overcoat”. The writer works on the cycle between 1835 and 1842. The stories are united according to the common place of events - Petersburg. Petersburg, however, is not only a scene of action, but also a kind of hero of these stories, in which Gogol draws life in its various manifestations. Usually writers, talking about life in St. Petersburg, covered the life and characters of the nobility, the top of the capital's society. Gogol was attracted by petty officials, craftsmen (the tailor Petrovich), impoverished artists, “little people”, unsettled by life. Instead of palaces and rich houses, the reader in Gogol's stories sees city shacks in which the poor huddle.

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"small man"

This is a humiliated, defenseless, lonely, disenfranchised, forgotten (and, by all, and, if I may say so, fate), pitiful person. - In the literary encyclopedic dictionary, we find the following definition: “little man” in literature is a designation for rather heterogeneous heroes, united by the fact that they occupy one of the lowest places in the social hierarchy and that this circumstance determines their psychology and social behavior (humiliation, combined with a sense of injustice wounded by pride.

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The theme of human suffering, predetermined by the way of life; the theme of the "little man".

N. M. Karamzin “Poor Liza” - in the center of the story is a simple, uneducated peasant girl; we are inspired with the idea that “peasant women know how to love!”. A. S. Pushkin “The stationmaster” - a poor official of the fourteenth grade Samson Vyrin has no rights in life, and even the only meaning of his existence - his beloved daughter - is taken away from him by the powers that be. A. S. Pushkin “The Bronze Horseman” - the main character is the unfortunate, destitute Eugene, whose poverty destroyed both character and mind, made thoughts and dreams insignificant. All these works are full of love and sympathy of the authors for their heroes. Gogol develops the traditions of the great Russian writers in the depiction of the “little man”).

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The plot of the story N.V. Gogol's "Overcoat".

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What is the main theme of the story "The Overcoat"?

The theme of human suffering, predetermined by the way of life; the theme of the "little man".

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And the hero is of a small rank, “short in stature, somewhat pockmarked, somewhat reddish, somewhat even blind-sighted, with a small bald spot on his forehead.”

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How is the typical character and situation emphasized?

“... served in one department”, “... when and at what time he entered the department ... no one could remember this”, “one official ...” - all these phrases do not show the exclusivity, unusualness of the situation and the hero, but their typicality. Akaky Akakievich is one of many; there were thousands like him - useless officials.

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What is the personality before us? Describe the main character.

The name “Akaky” in Greek means “non-malicious”, and the hero has the same patronymic, that is, the fate of this person was already predetermined: such was his father, grandfather, etc. He lives without prospects, does not recognize himself as a person, sees the meaning of life in rewriting papers ...

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There was no respect for him in the department, and the young officials laughed and joked at him, poured small pieces of torn papers on his head ... And once the joke was too unbearable, he said: “Leave me, why are you offending me?” And something strange lay in the words and in the voice in which they were uttered. In these penetrating words others rang out: “I am your brother!” And since then, as if everything had changed before me and seemed to me in a different form, often in the midst of the most merry moments I imagined a short official with a bald spot on his forehead with his penetrating words: “Leave me, why are you offending me?” ...

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What was the acquisition of an overcoat for Bashmachkin? What is he going to do for this?

An overcoat for Akaky Akakievich is not a luxury, but a hard-won necessity. The acquisition of an overcoat colors his life with new colors. This, it would seem, humiliates him, but what he goes to for this, changes the entire familiar “coordinate system” in our minds. From every “ruble spent” he set aside a penny in a small box”, in addition to this savings, he stopped drinking tea and lighting candles in the evenings, and, walking along the pavement, he stepped on tiptoe, “so as not to abrade the soles” ... He also, coming home, I immediately took off my underwear so that it would not wear out, and sat in a shabby dressing gown. We can say that he LIVED a dream of a new overcoat.

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No one in this world wanted to help him, did not support the protest against injustice

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What is the purpose of Gogol's introduction of a fantastic finale?

Bashmachkin dies not because of the theft of his overcoat, he dies because of the rudeness, indifference and cynicism of the world around him. The ghost of Akaky Akakievich acts as an avenger for his unlucky life. This is a rebellion, although it can be called a "kneeling rebellion." The author seeks to evoke in the reader a feeling of protest against the absurd conditions of life and a feeling of pain for the humiliation of human dignity. Gogol does not want to give a consoling denouement, he does not want to appease the reader's conscience.

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If a writer had punished a Significant Person, a boring moralizing tale would have come out; would force to be reborn - a lie would come out; and he perfectly chose the fantastic form of the moment when vulgarity for a moment saw the light ...

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Gogol appeals to a living soul, because most often there are pork snouts around, as in a nightmare of the hero of the comedy "The Government Inspector". Scary from dead souls. Words from Chekhov's story "Gooseberries": "It is necessary that behind the door of every happy person there should be someone with a hammer and reminded of the unfortunate and destitute, of the vulgarity in our lives, of the" little people ".

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The story would have produced the most hopeless impression, if it were not for the light emanating from the most miserable, worn out, insignificant. How not to remember the Gospel: “Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven. Blessed are those who mourn, for they will be comforted. Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the earth. Blessed are the merciful, for they shall receive mercy. Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.”

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Christ is on the cross, and below is an infinite number of people, partly not even discharged. A huge number of heads-balls, such a human caviar. Here Akaky Akakievich is the human caviar, the basis of the future life. Before our eyes, Gogol grows a man from an egg. For Bashmachkin, the new overcoat became Vera. He was pleased with his ramshackle hood. Well, yes, I’ve worn out, I’ve lost weight, but you can also patch it up. That is, he wanted to keep himself in the old faith. But he had a Teacher, a tailor Petrovich. And Petrovich was firm: the old should not be patched up, but the new should be created. And he forced Akaky Akakievich to reconsider his beliefs. And only the brave can do it. He went to incredible hardships to build Something New. Bashmachkin does not just put on an overcoat, he enters it, as if into a Temple. And becomes a different person. He walks down the street in a different way, goes to visit ... But he was killed. The people living next to him were killed. Not only a Significant Person, but also colleagues who mock his love for the beauty of letters. And he told them: “I am your brother!”. As in the Bible: “Love your neighbor as yourself!”, “So in everything you want people to do to you, do the same to them!”.

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What to talk about? Not a bad way. Everyone as one forgot about heaven. Whoever loves is not up to sin. And we sin. Not loved yet. Hieromonk Roman

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cinquain

Line 1: Who? What? (1 n.) Line 2: Which one? (2 adj.) Line 3: What does it do? (3 verbs) Line 4: What does the author think about the topic? (phrase of 4 words) Line 5: Who? What? (New theme sound) (1 n.)

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Homework

A written answer to the question “What moral problems does Gogol raise in the story “The Overcoat”?

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"The Overcoat" - a story by Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol. Included in the cycle "Petersburg Tales". The first publication took place in 1842.

At the heart of N.V. Gogol's plan lies the conflict between the "little man" and society, a conflict leading to rebellion, to the uprising of the humble. The story "The Overcoat" describes not only an incident from the life of the hero. The whole life of a person appears before us: we are present at his birth, naming him, find out how he served, why he needed an overcoat and, finally, how he died. Akaky Akakievich spends his whole life in “rewriting” papers in the service, and the hero is quite pleased with this. Moreover, when he is offered an occupation that requires “to change the capital title, and in some places change the verbs from the first person to the third”, the poor official is frightened and asks to be relieved of this work. Akaky Akakievich lives in his own little world, he “not once in his life paid attention to what is done and happens every day on the street”, and only in “rewriting he saw his own diverse and pleasant world”. Nothing happens in the world of this official, and if the incredible story with the overcoat had not happened, there would be nothing to tell about him.

Bashmachkin does not strive for unprecedented luxury. He is simply cold, and by rank he must appear in the department in an overcoat. The dream of sewing an overcoat on wadding becomes for him a semblance of a great and almost impossible task. In his system of world values, it has the same meaning as the desire of some "great man" to achieve world domination. The thought of an overcoat fills the existence of Akaky Akakievich with meaning. Even his appearance is changing: “He has become somehow more alive, even firmer in character, like a person who has already defined and set a goal for himself. Doubt, indecision disappeared by itself from his face and actions... Fire is sometimes shown in his eyes...” And now, having finally reached the limit of his aspirations, the hero of the story once again faces injustice. The overcoat is stolen. But even this does not become the main cause of the death of the unfortunate Bashmachkin: the “significant person”, to whom the official is advised to turn for help, “scolds” Akaky Akakievich for disrespect for his superiors and kicks him out of his house. And now “a creature that is not protected by anyone, is not dear to anyone, is not interesting to anyone, does not even attract attention ...” Bashmachkin’s death, as expected, almost no one noticed.

The ending of the story is fantastic, but it is precisely such a ending that allows the writer to introduce the theme of justice into the work. The ghost of an official rips off the overcoats from the noble and rich. After his death, Bashmachkin rose to a previously inaccessible height, he overcame miserable ideas about rank. The rebellion of the “little man” becomes the main theme of the story, the rebellion of Akaky Akakievich is akin to the rebellion of Eugene from The Bronze Horseman, who for a moment dared to become equal with Peter I, only the value systems of these two heroes are different.

The story of the poor official is written in such detail and authenticity that the reader involuntarily enters the world of the hero's interests and begins to sympathize with him. But Gogol is a master of artistic generalization. He deliberately emphasizes: “one official served in one department ...” Thus, a generalized image of a “little man” arises in the story, a quiet, modest person whose life is unremarkable, but who, however, also has his own dignity and has the right to own world. Perhaps that is why we finally pity not Akaky Akakievich, but “poor mankind.” And probably, that is why our anger is provoked not by a robber, but by a “significant person” who failed to pity the unfortunate official.

And at the end of the story, we come to a terrible conclusion: the subject of the narration is by no means the story of how the hero’s overcoat is stolen, but of how a person’s life was stolen. Akaki Akakievich, in fact, did not live. He never thought about high ideals, did not set any tasks for himself, did not dream of anything. And the insignificance of the incident underlying the plot characterizes Gogol's world itself.

N.V. Gogol makes the tone of the story comical. The text shows constant irony over Bashmachkin, even his daring dreams turn out to be nothing more than a desire to put marten fur on his collar without fail. The reader must not only enter the world of Akaky Akakievich, but also feel the rejection of this world. In addition, there is an author's voice in the story, and N.V. Gogol thus becomes, as it were, a messenger of the Russian humanistic tradition. It is on behalf of the author that the young man speaks, who, having unsuccessfully joked with Akaky Akakievich, “shuddered many times later in his life, seeing how much inhumanity is in a person, how much ferocious rudeness is hidden in refined, educated secularism, and, God! even in that person whom the world recognizes as noble and honest.

In N.V. Gogol's story "The Overcoat" two aspects of the author's condemnation of the world are clearly traced. On the one hand, the writer comes out with sharp criticism of the society that turns a person into Akaky Akakievich, protesting against the world of those who “taunted and sharpened enough” over “eternal titular advisers”, those whose salary does not exceed four hundred rubles a year. But on the other hand, much more important, in my opinion, is N.V. Gogol's appeal to all mankind with a passionate appeal to pay attention to the "little people" who live next to us.

In the story of N.V. Gogol, “The Overcoat” among the images of the details of St. Petersburg life is most often repeated, passing through all the works and, as a result, composing a through image - the artistic detail “ladder”.

1. “Seeing what was the matter, Akaky Akakievich decided that the overcoat would need to be taken to Petrovich, a tailor who lived somewhere on the fourth floor along the back stairs, who, despite his crooked eye and rowan all over his face, was engaged in rather successful repair bureaucratic and all sorts of pantaloons and tailcoats, of course, when he was in a sober state and did not harbor any other enterprise in his head.

2. “Climbing the stairs that led to Petrovich, which, to be fair, was all smeared with water, slop and penetrated through and through with that alcoholic smell that eats the eyes and, as you know, is constantly present on all the back stairs of St. Petersburg houses, - climbing stairs, Akaki Akakievich was already thinking about how much Petrovich would ask for, and mentally decided not to give more than two rubles.

3. “The assistant clerk lived on a big footing: a lantern shone on the stairs, the apartment was on the second floor.”

4. “So that somehow the owner would not take it into his head, he slowly left the room, found in the front overcoat, which he saw without regret lying on the floor, shook it off, removed every fluff from it, put it on his shoulders and went down the stairs to the street ".

5. “However, he tried to increase his significance by many other means, namely: he ordered that lower officials meet him on the stairs when he came to office; so that no one dares to come to him, but that everything goes in the strictest order: the collegiate registrar would report to the provincial secretary, the provincial secretary - to the titular or whatever, and so that things would reach him in this way.

6. “How I got down the stairs, how I went out into the street, Akaki Akakievich didn’t remember anything.”

7. “So, a significant person went down the stairs, sat down in a sleigh and said to the coachman: “To Karolina Ivanovna”, and he himself, wrapping himself very luxuriously in a warm overcoat, remained in that pleasant position, better than which you can’t imagine for a Russian person, then there is when you don’t think about anything yourself, but meanwhile thoughts themselves climb into your head, one is more pleasant than the other, without even giving you the trouble to chase after them and look for them.

At the end of the story, Gogol expands the boundaries of the notorious service ladder of urban planning to the expanses of the universal life road, on which the significance of a person is determined not by rank or bank account, but each is rewarded according to his humanity. And the one whose arrogant arrogance brought the despair of poor Akaky Akakievich to the catastrophe that destroyed him, himself for a moment descends from his usual earthly “ladder” and experiences the state experienced by the robbed official. Other regulars of the St. Petersburg Soviet "ladder" find themselves in the same position.

Despite the fact that The Overcoat came out almost simultaneously with Gogol's central work Dead Souls (1842), it did not remain in the shadows. The story made a strong impression on contemporaries. Belinsky, who apparently read The Overcoat while still in manuscript, said that it was "one of Gogol's most profound creations." The catchphrase is known: "We all came out of Gogol's "Overcoat"". This phrase was recorded by the French writer Melchior de Vogüe from the words of a Russian writer. Unfortunately, Vogüet did not say who was his interlocutor. Most likely Dostoevsky, but it has been suggested that Turgenev could have said the same. One way or another, the phrase aphoristically accurately characterizes Gogol's influence on Russian literature, which mastered the theme of the "little man", deepening its humanistic pathos.

Topic. Issues. Conflict In The Overcoat, the theme of the “little man” is raised, one of the constants in Russian literature. Pushkin is the first to touch on this topic. His little people are Samson Vyrin ("The Stationmaster"). Eugene ("The Bronze Horseman"). Like Pushkin, Gogol reveals in the most prosaic character the ability for love, self-denial, selfless defense of his ideal.

In the story "The Overcoat" Gogol poses social and moral-philosophical problems. On the one hand, the writer sharply criticizes the society that turns a person into Akaky Akakiyevich, protesting against the world of those who “fought and sharpened enough” over “eternal titular advisers”, over those whose salary does not exceed four hundred rubles a year . But on the other hand, Gogol's appeal to all mankind with a passionate appeal to pay attention to the "little people" who live next to us is much more significant. After all, Akaky Akakievich fell ill and died not only and not so much because his overcoat was stolen from him. The reason for his death was the fact that he did not find support and sympathy from people.

The conflict of the little man with the world is caused by the fact that his only property is taken away from him. The stationmaster loses his daughter. Eugene beloved. Akaki Akakievich overcoat. Gogol intensifies the conflict: for Akaky Akakievich, the thing becomes the goal and meaning of life. However, the author not only lowers, but also elevates his hero.

Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin The portrait of Akaky Akakievich is drawn by Gogol as emphatically unfinished, incomplete, illusory; the integrity of Akaky Akakievich must be subsequently restored with the help of an overcoat. The birth of Akaky Akakiyevich builds a model of an illogical and grandiose-cosmic Gogol's world, where not real time and space, but poetic eternity and man in the face of Fate, operate. At the same time, this birth is a mystical mirror of the death of Akaky Akakievich: Gogol's mother, who had just given birth to Akaky Akakievich, is called the "deceased" and "old woman", Akaki Akakievich himself "made such a grimace", as if he had a presentiment that he would be an "eternal titular adviser"; the baptism of Akaky Akakievich, which takes place immediately after birth and at home, and not in the church, is more reminiscent of the funeral of the deceased than the christening of the baby; Akaky Akakiyevich's father also turns out to be, as it were, an eternal dead person (“The father was Akaki, so let the son be Akaki”).

The key to the image of Akaky Akakievich is Gogol's hidden opposition between the "outer" and "inner" man. An “external” tongue-tied, unprepossessing, stupid copyist who is not even able to “change verbs from the first person to the third in some places”, slurps his cabbage soup with flies, “not noticing their taste at all”, dutifully endures the bullying of officials who pour “on his head pieces of paper, calling it snow." The “inner” man seems to say to the incorruptible: “I am your brother.” In the eternal world, Akaky Akakievich is an ascetic ascetic, a “silent man” and a martyr; secluded from temptations and sinful passions, he carries out the mission of personal salvation, as if he bears the sign of being chosen. In the world of letters, Akaky Akakievich finds happiness, pleasure, harmony, here he is completely satisfied with his lot, for he serves God: “Having written to his heart’s content, he went to bed smiling at the thought of tomorrow: will God send something to rewrite tomorrow?”

Petersburg northern frost becomes a diabolical temptation, which Akaky Akakievich is unable to overcome (the old overcoat, mockingly called the bonnet by officials, has leaked). The tailor Petrovich, flatly refusing to renew Akaky Akakievich's old overcoat, acts as a demon-tempter. The brand new overcoat, in which Akakiy Akakievich puts on, symbolically means both the gospel “robe of salvation”, “bright clothes”, and the female hypostasis of his personality, making up for his incompleteness: the overcoat “eternal idea”, “friend of life”, “bright guest”. The ascetic and recluse Akakiy Akakievich is seized by love ardor and sinful fever. However, the overcoat turns out to be a lover for one night, forcing Akaky Akakievich to make a number of irreparable fatal mistakes, pushing him out of the blissful state of closed happiness into the disturbing outside world, into the circle of officials and the night street. Akaky Akakievich, thus, betrays the "inner" person in himself, preferring the "outer", vain, subject to human passions and vicious inclinations.

The pernicious thought of a warm overcoat and its acquisition dramatically change the whole way of life and character of Akaky Akakievich. He almost makes mistakes while rewriting. Breaking his habits, he agrees to go to a party with an official. In Akaky Akakievich, moreover, a womanizer wakes up, rushing in pursuit of a lady, "whose every part of her body was full of unusual movement." Akaki Akakievich drinks champagne, overeats "vinaigrette, cold veal, pate, pastry pies." He even betrays his beloved work, and the retribution for betraying his career was not slow to overtake him: the robbers "removed his overcoat from him, gave him a kick with his knee, and he fell backwards in the snow and did not feel anything anymore." Akaki Akakievich loses all his quiet meekness, commits acts unusual for his character, he demands understanding and help from the world, actively advances, achieves his goal.

On the advice of officials, Akaki Akakievich goes to the "significant person." The clash with the general occurs just when Akaky Akakievich ceases to be an "inner" person. Immediately after the threatening cry of the "significant person" Akaky Akakievich was "carried out almost without movement." Departing from life, Bashmachkin rebels: he "badly slandered, uttering terrible words" that followed "directly after the word" Your Excellency "". After death, Akaki Akakievich changes places with the "significant person" and, in turn, carries out the Last Judgment, where there is no place for ranks and ranks, and the general and titular adviser are equally accountable to the Supreme Judge. Akaky Akakievich appears at night as an ominous dead ghost "in the form of an official looking for some kind of dragged overcoat." The ghost of Akaky Akakievich calmed down and disappeared only when a “significant person” came under his arm, justice seemed to have triumphed, Akaki Akakievich seemed to carry out God’s terrible punishment, put on a general’s overcoat.

The fantastic finale of the work is a utopian realization of the idea of ​​justice. Instead of the submissive Akaky Akakievich, a formidable avenger appears, instead of a formidable "significant person", a face that has become kinder and softened. But in fact, this ending is disappointing: there is a feeling that the world has been abandoned by God. The immortal soul is seized with a thirst for vengeance and is forced to create this vengeance itself.

P.S. The famous little man Bashmachkin remained, in general, a mystery to the reader. The only thing known about him is that he is small. Not kind, not smart, not noble, Bashmachkin is just a representative of humanity. The most ordinary representative, a biological individual. And you can love and pity him only because he is also a man, “your brother,” as the author teaches. This "too" contained a discovery that Gogol's ardent admirers and followers often misinterpreted. They decided that Bashmachkin was good. That you need to love him because he is a victim. That in it you can discover a lot of virtues that Gogol forgot or did not have time to invest in Bashmachkin. But Gogol himself was not sure that the little man was an unconditionally positive hero. Therefore, he was not satisfied with the "Overcoat", but took up Chichikov ...

Questions and tasks for the story "The Overcoat" (1) 1. Prove that the narration in the story is on behalf of the narrator, who does not coincide with the author. What is the meaning of the change in the narrator's attitude towards Akaky Akakievich throughout the story? 2. Confirm with examples the idea that the main character of the story is deprived of a "face" from birth (name, surname, portrait, age, speech, etc.). 3. Prove that the image of Akaky Akakievich "lives" in two dimensions: in impersonal reality and in the infinite and eternal Universe. Why is it the hero's attempt to find his "face" that leads him to death?

Test 1. "A crooked eye and ripples all over the face" - this is about whom: a) about Akaky Akakievich; b) about Petrovich; c) about a "significant person". 2. The name Akaki Akakievich received: a) according to the holy calendar; b) the godfather insisted; c) mother gave. 3. The name of the "significant person": a) Grigory Petrovich; b) Ivan Ivanovich Eroshkin; c) either Ivan Abramovich or Stepan Varlamovich.

7. The story "The Overcoat": a) fantastic; b) lifelike; c) romantic. 8. Akaky Akakievich: a) synonymous with Pushkin's "little man"; b) it is a different species; c) it cannot be attributed to small people. 9. The main conclusion of the author: a) the "little man" is worthy of respect; b) he is the product of an inhuman state; c) he himself is to blame for his “smallness”.

Questions and assignments for the story "The Overcoat" (2) 1. Once Gogol was told a story that one official passionately wanted to have a gun. With extraordinary savings and hard work, he saved up a considerable amount of 200 rubles for those times. That is how much the Lepage gun cost (Lepage was the most skilled gunsmith of that time), the envy of every hunter. The gun, carefully placed on the bow of the boat, disappeared. Obviously, he was pulled into the water by thick reeds, through which he had to swim. The search was in vain. The gun, from which not a single shot was fired, is forever buried at the bottom of the Gulf of Finland. The official fell ill with a fever (a detail preserved in the story). Colleagues took pity on him and pooled together bought him a new gun. Why did Gogol replace the gun with an overcoat and rethink the ending of the story? 2. Why does the author describe in such detail how the money for the overcoat was collected, how the cloth, lining, collar were bought, how it was sewn? 3. Tell us about the tailor Petrovich and the place of this character in the story. 4. How does the hero change, carried away by the dream of an overcoat? 5. How does Gogol feel about his hero, and when does this attitude begin to change? 6. Is Bashmachkin funny or pathetic? (Justify with quotes from the work.)

The mystery of the name of the protagonist of N. V. Gogol's story "The Overcoat" Author Parfenyuk Tatyana Anatolyevna, teacher of the Russian language and literature of the budgetary educational institution of Omsk "Secondary school No. 31 with in-depth study of individual subjects"

"Pedagogical world"

The riddle of the name of the protagonist of N.V. Gogol's story "The Overcoat" Many writers of the 18th - 19th centuries gave the characters "speaking" names and surnames in their works. They used this satirical device as a means of characterizing the hero. N.V. Gogol also often called his characters so that the reader could better understand the character. It can be assumed that the unusual name of the hero of the story "The Overcoat" Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin was given to him for a reason. “Little Man” on the pages of Gogol's story Akaki Akakievich is a pitiful little man who could live his miserable life calmly and happily (!) He is happy at the beginning of the story: senselessly copying, but filled with love for letters. Akaky Akakievich is absorbed in his letters like a child. He even goes to bed, “smiling in advance at the thought of tomorrow” - only children fall asleep like that. And in this sense, he is an absolutely harmonious personality. "Little Man" on the Pages of Gogol's Story Immediately after "The Overcoat" a large number of literary works appeared, in which writers also began to talk about the crushed "little man"; it seemed to them that if other conditions were created, the little man would reveal himself in all human beauty. But this did not happen with Akaky Akakievich. He is happy and harmonious only in his little world, in his circle. As soon as Gogol takes him out of this state into another circle, he dies, since he is not able to live there. The dream of a new overcoat is the meaning of the hero's life An unforeseen incident breaks the habitual regularity of life - the need to buy a new overcoat. The life of a poor official is now completely changing: he has a dream that fills existence with meaning - the dream of a new overcoat. When the dream came true, Akaky Akakievich was robbed on the same evening on the street, and after visiting a "significant person" and his "proper scolding" he died of fear and grief. What is the cause of the tragedy? There are very important words in the Gospel with which we can explain the reason for the tragedy that happened to Akaky Akakievich: "Where your treasure is, there your heart will be." Akaky Akakievich could not stand the shock when his overcoat was stolen from him, because it was his only treasure. Letters were another treasure. But he exchanged the letters for an overcoat. That is why, with the loss of the overcoat, the meaning of life is lost for him - and he dies. Surname - Bashmachkin All men in the family wore boots: "both father, and grandfather, and even brother-in-law." They lived despite the surname, and Akaky Akakievich - to match. Shoe - low, closed shoes for the street, often rough, heavy and uncomfortable. There were no more indecent shoes than shoes. So the surname Gogol determined the status of the protagonist. Moreover, it was formed not even from the word "shoe", but from the word "shoe" - "to a little man" and a surname with a diminutive suffix. Name - Akaky Akakievich When he was born, his mother offered a choice of many names: Mokkiy, Sossy, Khozdazat, Trifiliy, Dula, Varakhasy, Pavsikahy and Vakhtisy. But these names were so strange that she decided: “... it would be better to call him like his father. The father was Akaki, so let the son be Akaki. Poor Akaky Akakievich didn't even get his own name. The core of the existence of Akaky Akakievich is rewriting. Therefore, the name can be perceived as the result of rewriting - his favorite pastime. They took the name of the father: Akaki - they rewrote it, and it turned out: Akaki Akakievich. As if fate itself had doomed him to a miserable and faceless existence. Features of speech and name Akaki Akakievich's speech was inconsistent, stupid. It is a speech devoid of meaning as insignificant as its owner himself was. One of the striking signs of the hero's speech and the narrative as a whole is the very frequent repetition of the root "how". The abundance of particles “how” turns into one continuous question-shout: “How is it?! But as?!" The meaning of the name Akaki and the character of Bashmachkin The name "Akaky" means "innocence, innocent, gentle, harmless, not doing evil." And in Gogol's hero this quality is doubled by his patronymic. Therefore, we can say that he is the most innocent, the most harmless. Already in Gogol's time, the name Akakiy was rarely used; holy martyrs and the most devout priests were called by this name. The holy martyrs received the name Akakiy posthumously, which pointed directly to their suffering without guilt. The legend of the Monk Akaki of Sinai and the characters of the story "The Overcoat" There is a legend about the Monk Akaki of Sinai, who lived in the VI century and was a novice in one monastery. The humble monk was distinguished by patience and unquestioning obedience to his elder, who forced the monk to work unreasonably, starved him, and beat him mercilessly. Saint Akakiy meekly endured hardships and thanked God for everything. Some time later Saint Akakiy died. The elder told another elder about the death of his disciple, who did not believe that the young monk had died. Then the teacher Akakiy called this elder to the grave and loudly asked: “Brother Akakiy, are you dead?” A voice came from the grave: "No, father, he has not died; he who endures obedience cannot die." The astonished elder fell down in front of the tomb with tears, asking for forgiveness from his disciple. After that, he changed his temper, shut himself up in a cell near the burial place of St. Akakios, and ended his life in prayer and meekness. The Legend of the Monk Akakiy of Sinai and the Characters of the Story "The Overcoat" This legend was cited in the "Ladder" by the Monk John of the Ladder as an example of patience, obedience and reward for them. The images of Akaky Akakievich and the "significant person" closely echo the images of Saint Akakiy and the "unrighteous old man." Most likely, this similarity is not accidental: giving the name to his hero, N.V. Gogol remembered the legend of John of the Ladder. The legend of the Monk Akaki of Sinai and the characters of the story "The Overcoat" Just as the unrighteous old man is the persecutor of St. Akaki, who is in his obedience, so Akakiy Akakievich is subordinate to the "significant person", and the "significant person" acts as his persecutor in the finale. Just as in the life of St. Akaki the conscience of the “unrighteous old man” is awakened under the influence of a conversation with the deceased novice Akaki, so the “significant person” changes greatly for the better after meeting with the “living dead” Akaki Akakievich. Conclusion At the beginning of our study, we assumed that the name Akaky Akakievich Bashmachkin is a means of characterizing its bearer, it contains a deep semantic and emotional content. We believe that we managed to unravel the mystery of the name of the Gogol hero. Thus, our hypothesis was confirmed. Sources of information and illustrations 1. Gogol N. V. Overcoat - M: Children's Literature, 1995 2. Norshtein Yu. http://dlib.eastview.com/browse/doc/6408601 3. Kulikova L. M. Akaki Akakievich. In defense of the name http://zhurnal.lib.ru/k/kulikowa_l_m/cakakijdoc.shtml 4. Venerable Akaki of Sinai http://www.mospat.ru/calendar/svyat1/nov29-akaki.html 5. Full Orthodox nomenclature - http://supercook.ru/name-imenoslov.html?d49fa180 6. Let's talk about magic? - http://lib.rin.ru/doc/i/189115p27.html 7. http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/3830109/post203277143/ 8. http://www.clir.ru/blogs/latest-274.html