Presentation on the topic "scissors". Scissors. What do you know about them? Scissors - ancient human helpers

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Always remember and follow the safety rules for working with scissors.

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Secrets of scissors

Store your scissors in a case or stand. Don't leave scissors open. Hold the scissors like this. Pass the scissors rings first.

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Care of scissors

In order for scissors to serve for a long time, you need to know the basic rules for caring for them: - scissors should be stored in a safe place, dry and clean; - make it a rule to always close the scissors before putting them away; - sharpen blades as necessary; - after cleaning, lubricate the screw connecting the blades; - To disassemble the scissors, seek the help of specialists.

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History of scissors.

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Giovanni Battista Moroni - The Tailor (Il Tagliapanni), National Gallery.
How old are scissors? How did they appear?

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“A long time ago, when nymphs frolicked in forest lakes, and sacred unicorns roamed in the thickets, the world was ruled by immortal gods. On a high mountain, a vast herd of rams was grazing, whose wool shone in the sun so much that people mistook this radiance for the rising of the second luminary. A certain shepherd Fersit decided to go to this mountain and see what was the reason for such a mysterious shine. After two days of travel, he came to a marvelous clearing where animals were grazing. Fersit was amazed by their beauty - after all, the sheep’s wool turned out to be pure gold! He wanted to take at least one with him so that people at home would believe such a miracle. However, even the smallest lamb he chose resisted like ten bulls, so Fersit could not budge it. The countrymen really didn’t believe a word of what the shepherd said. The offended Fersit went to his hut and did not come out for a long time, forgetting even about his herd. But one day at dawn he went out into the yard, holding in his hands two knives connected by a tight and flexible bracket. “This is what will help me prove to people that I am right,” said the shepherd and went up the mountain. Seven sweats fell from the master while he was shearing their golden wool from the rams. But only after filling a huge bag to capacity did he return to his homeland. The people marveled at the golden wool, but not believing their eyes, they decided to climb the mountain themselves to see for themselves. But the top turned out to be empty: the animals, frightened by Fersit’s daring act, went somewhere. “Your golden sheep are not there! - people shouted to Fersit. “And if there were, how did you manage to deprive them of their fur?” And then Fersit revealed to them the secret of his knives. People were doubtful, but when the shepherd shorn an ordinary ram before their eyes, they believed. Fersit became a respected man, lived richly and happily, and from then on his knives with staples received the name scissors...”
Legend says:

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George Hartley.Grandmother's Scissors/Grandma's Scissors.

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The history of scissors goes back to ancient times...
The very first scissors appeared in man’s possession not at all because he needed to somehow serve himself, but because he needed to somehow shear sheep. This happened three and a half thousand years ago; scissors then consisted of two blades connected like tweezers. This invention, although it functioned, was not particularly successful (after all, the blades of the “sheep” shears, which first appeared in Ancient Rome, did not rotate relative to the center, but were simply squeezed by hand, like a large grip for a piece of cake), and therefore our great-grandfathers only used it before the “warming wool season”, and the nails on my hands, I think, were simply chewed for convenience. But even despite the fact that the design was very inconvenient, it existed for more than two thousand years without fundamental changes.

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Vladimir Kush

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And so this disgrace would have continued if the mathematician and mechanic Archimedes had not been born in Ancient Syracuse. The great Greek said: “Give me a point of support, and I will turn the whole world around!” - and invented the lever. Around the 8th century AD in the Middle East, some artisan came up with the idea to connect two knives with a nail, and bend their handles into rings. Then the handles of the scissors began to be decorated with artistic forging and “autographs” of the blacksmiths - brands. Perhaps in those days a simple children's riddle arose: “Two rings, two ends, and in the middle there are nails”... Scissors came to Europe a little later, around the 10th century. The oldest scissors found in Russia date back to the same period of time. This happened during archaeological excavations of the Gnezdovo burial mounds, 12 kilometers from Smolensk near the village of Gnezdovo. Unfortunately, history has not preserved the name of the person who came up with the idea of ​​connecting two separate blades with a nail and bending the handles into a ring. After all, it is in this form that scissors for paper, for manicure, for haircuts and for many other purposes are presented today. The instrument was given its final form by none other than Leonardo da Vinci. A drawing of a tool similar to modern scissors was found in his manuscripts. And then, as always, the invention began to live its own life: at times improving (turning into working tools for hairdressers and doctors), and at times becoming a luxury item made of gold and silver. Scissors were made from steel and iron (steel blades were welded onto an iron base), silver, covered with gold, and richly decorated. The imagination of the craftsmen had no limits - either a strange bird came out, its beak cutting fabric, then rings for fingers entwined vines with bunches of grapes, then suddenly they turned out not scissors, but a fairy-tale dragon, all in such intricate decorations that they interfered with its use functional device. Gradually, more and more, in both the Eastern and Western worlds, there is a greater interest in the shape and quality of scissors. Models with thin, smooth outlines, blades, decorated with engraving and inlays are beginning to appear. This was especially facilitated by the art of calligraphy, which spread throughout the Islamic world.

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Scissors are becoming more and more attractive from an aesthetic point of view. They received various forms within the framework of the general idea and were decorated with openwork carvings. At the same time, they remained functional and brought a bit of aesthetics to the routine. In the Middle Ages, scissors became evidence of men's attention to the fair sex. Thus, in the fourteenth century, a suitor sending a gift to his lady often included a pair of scissors in a leather case. It was in this century that scissors became a truly feminine accessory, which, with rare exceptions, they remain to this day. And then the ideal prim Englishmen invented scissors for the ideal prim English lawns, and then the French began to cut up geese carcasses with them (conjuring their famous “froi gras”) and cut loops in “prêt-à-porter”, and then the Germans came up with giant steel scissors for helping in case of accidents on the roads (with this device you can also break glass in a car, open a jammed door, cut seat belts). And then man began to think even more broadly and produced scissors from special ceramics, which turned out to be three times stronger than steel ones and more wear-resistant, and cut much thinner. And then they came up with scissors, which completely ceased to look like their ancestor analogue and rather began to resemble a knife from a meat grinder (a disk with three teeth is attached to an ordinary electric drill - you can cut rubber, thick leather, linoleum and plastics at a speed of 20 meters per minute). And then the inventor broke through “to the stars” and designed the most modern scissors, adding to them an electronic machine that reproduced on the screen clothing patterns of any style invented by fashion designers. Cutting speed - meter per second! Moreover, during this operation, the edges of the fabric burn and do not unravel - as if they had already been hemmed.
Franz Xaver Simm (1853-1918)

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The Industrial Revolution has now returned scissors to their original status as a purely functional object. Decoration has completely faded away, abandoned in favor of the linear clarity of steel. Today, scissors have been created for everyone and everything. They, like centuries ago, are irreplaceable. How simple is genius!
Eastman Johnson.The Scissors Grinder
Orange Scissors and Hummingbird painting by artist Delilah Smith.

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True, there is another theory of the origin of this wonderful object - the Egyptian one. They say that in the 16th century BC, the Egyptians were already using scissors with all their might. And there is confirmation of this - an archaeological find. A specimen made from a single piece of metal (not crossed blades) was found in Egypt, which served its masters in the 16th century BC. There is a theory in both China and Eastern Europe. So, the geography of this subject is unusually wide. We will no longer be able to find out the truth. Only one fact remains interesting: be it sooner or later, but people in different parts of the world eventually came to the understanding that they could not do without scissors. History is rich in facts, when in some area it seems that nothing more can be invented here! - but no! There will always be a person who, either by chance or with some intention, brings something new into the world. Therefore, we will not put an end to the history of scissors...
Egyptian theory

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Vissarion. Breath of spring.

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Initially, all types of clothing were sewn at home, but gradually it became the work of specialists - tailors. The name "tailor's" scissors comes from the name of the profession - a tailor - a person who sews tails. The word “ports” in Russia originally meant clothing in general. Only in the 16th century did the word “dress” appear, displacing the old designation from use. Not all clothes, but only one element of men’s clothing, began to be called “tails”, and the profession itself was divided into several specializations - specialists of a narrow profile appeared - fur coat makers, caftans, mittens, hat makers and even pickpockets... Of course, not everyone could afford to use tailor services. They tried to sew simple clothes at home. “It’s hard to get a caftan, but they can sew a shirt at home,” says the proverb.

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Karen Winters. scissors-spool.
In many ways, the quality of the products you sew will depend on the correct choice of scissors. There are several types of scissors; they differ in sharpening angle, design, size and purpose. You should not use the same scissors at different stages of sewing - if you cut tracing paper with your magnificent tailor's scissors, they will become dull very quickly. For cutting loops and other small jobs, it is better to use small sewing scissors. It is useful to have a seam ripper and a knife for cutting loops on hand. It turns out that thinning scissors as we know them today appeared relatively recently. And if the history of ordinary hairdressing scissors goes back almost a millennium (after all, back in Ancient Egypt, Queen Cleopatra’s hair was cut with quite a decent tool), then the task of thinning hair for centuries was solved only with the help of a razor.

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Only in the 30s of the twentieth century (just eighty years ago) the first prototypes of thinning scissors appeared in the USA, that is, scissors where one blade is cutting and the second has teeth. But by and large, these were not thinning scissors, but a “blader”. The fact is that the Americans came to the need to sharpen not only the edge of the cutting blade, but also the tops of the teeth. As a result, the master received a tool for thinning hair, but the final effect was quite difficult to predict. The fact is that when cutting, hairs could easily slide off the sharpened teeth, and it was impossible to guess how many of them would be cut at a given moment. Only in the 50s, but already in Europe, one of the engineers proposed applying a micro-notch to the top of the teeth. Now, the master could already clearly know how much volume would be removed during the cut. And this depended on the width of the teeth and the width of the interdental space. Then a V-shaped cutout appeared at the top of the tooth. This means that all the hair that needed to be cut clearly went into such a “pocket” and was definitely cut off.
Marie Fox.rose scissors.

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First of all (since the principle of operation of scissors is based on the fact that two flat blades strongly stretch the fabric between themselves and then cut it), pay attention to the fact that there is no gap or gap between the blades. The blades themselves must be made of stainless, hardened steel - only in this case will they serve you for a long time. The second thing you should definitely keep track of when purchasing is the screw that holds the two parts of the mechanism together. If the blades of the scissors are simply riveted together, you will not be able to “tighten” the loose fastener. The third important detail is the handle. The finger rings should not be very small - otherwise you will not be able to work for a long time or you will get a callus - and they should not be very wide, this is also inconvenient.
How to choose the best quality scissors?

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Historical reference. The first great-great-grandfather of modern scissors was found in the ruins of Ancient Egypt. They were made not from two crossed blades, as now, but from a single piece of metal. These scissors date back to the 16th century BC. e. Thirteen centuries later, scissors were in use that were more similar to modern ones: two knives were connected to each other by an arched springy metal plate. It is believed that the first scissors with intersecting blades were invented in Ancient Rome in the 1st century AD. e. However, then they forgot about scissors in Europe and did not use them until the 15th century. Therefore, Leonardo da Vinci reinvented scissors. He was a very meticulous artist, and if he wasn’t happy with something in a painting, he would simply cut off part of the canvas. That's why he made himself scissors.