Psychologists and neuroscientists from the University of Michigan set out to study the nature of errors to answer the main question: “Why do some people learn more effectively from their mistakes?” In other words, what drives some of us to ignore failure in order to maintain self-confidence, and others to study failure in order to benefit from it. The experiment, led by university researcher Jason Moser, was based on the fact that there are two different responses to errors, both of which can be tracked using an ECG.
The first is called “error-related negativity” (ERN), appears approximately 50 milliseconds after failure and is involuntary, inevitable with any mistake. The second signal, referred to as “error positivity” (PE), occurs somewhere between 100-500 milliseconds after the miscalculation, is associated with awareness and occurs when we pay attention to the mistake, fixating on the disappointing result. Experience has shown that we learn from mistakes more effectively if the brain demonstrates, firstly, a stronger ERN signal, which causes a prolonged initial reaction to an error, and secondly, a more extended PE signal, in which a person pays attention to the mistake and tries learn a lesson from it.
In his research, Moser turned to the work of Stanford psychologist Carol Dweck on dichotomy. According to her, people are divided into two types - those with a fixed mindset and those with a growth mindset. The first are convinced: from birth they have certain mental abilities, and it is impossible to change this. The latter believe: if you put in the effort and give yourself time, there is a chance that everything will work out. It is this category that perceives errors as a necessary precursor to knowledge, the engine of learning.
The worldview of people with a fixed mindset, according to Moser, can create certain difficulties in life. This is especially harmful for children: a student who is confident that he cannot increase the level of his intelligence, after the first failure, will not make any effort to study. At the same time, if you praise a child for his efforts, even if he did not cope with the task, this will push him to develop and increase his diligence.
One way or another, the fear of making a mistake is common to each of us. The feeling that you did everything right is equal in our minds to self-esteem. “Being convinced that you are right is vital for a person; it is one of the simplest and cheapest ways to make yourself happy, gain satisfaction, and increase self-esteem,” says Katrin Schultz, author of the book on mistakes “Being Wrong.”
Elena Telnova clarifies: the tendency to step on the same rake many times is more obvious for people of a certain psychotype - in particular, hysterical, or demonstrative. They have a strongly expressed unconscious mechanism of repression, which helps them avoid internal conflict and continue to feel “good” without changing anything in their life, behavior, or outlook on the world. These people are simply designed this way: it is easier for them than others to forget negative experiences, turn a blind eye to their mistakes and not correct them. “In addition, a person constantly steps on a rake if rigidity is strongly expressed in his character: he has difficulty changing the intended program of activity, despite the fact that conditions objectively require its restructuring,” explains the psychologist. - Rigidity can be one of the signs of age-related changes in the psyche of any of us. Therefore, with age, it is by no means easier for many to rebuild their behavior depending on previous experience, their own or someone else’s. On the contrary, the psyche prefers to act strictly according to learned patterns, and everything that is outside the “norm” evokes a lot of emotions - from helplessness to anger.”
Everyone is familiar with the Latin saying: “To err is human.” Indeed, on the path of life we are doomed to constantly stumble in order to gain the necessary experience. But people do not always learn lessons even from their own mistakes. Then what can we say about other people’s mistakes? Can they teach us anything?
It seems to me that this question cannot be answered unequivocally. On the one hand, the entire history of mankind is a chronicle of fatal mistakes, without looking back at which it is impossible to move forward. For example, international rules of war, prohibiting brutal methods of combat, were developed and refined after the bloodiest wars... The traffic rules we are accustomed to are also the result of road mistakes that claimed the lives of many people in the past. The development of transplantology, which saves thousands of people today, became possible only thanks to the persistence of doctors, as well as the courage of patients who died from complications of the first operations.
On the other hand, does humanity always take into account the mistakes of world history? Of course not. Endless wars and revolutions continue, xenophobia flourishes, despite the convincing lessons of history.
In the life of an individual, I think the situation is the same. Depending on our own level of development and life priorities, each of us either ignores the mistakes of others or takes them into account. Let us remember the nihilist Bazarov from the novel. Turgenev's hero denies authorities, world experience, art, and human feelings. He believes that it is necessary to destroy the social system to the ground, without taking into account the sad experience of the Great French Revolution. It turns out that Evgeniy is not able to learn a lesson from the mistakes of others. I.S. Turgenev warns readers about the results of neglecting universal human values. Despite his strength of character and outstanding mind, Bazarov dies because “nihilism” is a path to nowhere.
But the main character of A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich” understands perfectly well that in order to save his life, he needs to learn from the mistakes of others. Seeing how quickly prisoners who “lower themselves” for the sake of an extra piece die, Shukhov strives to preserve human dignity. Ivan Denisovich, watching the beggar Fetyukov, whom everyone despises, notes to himself: “He won’t live out his term. He doesn’t know how to pose himself.”. What allows Shukhov to make such a bitter conclusion? Probably observing the mistakes of other camp inmates, like Fetyukov, who became “jackals.”
It turns out that the ability to learn from other people’s mistakes is not common to everyone and not in all life situations. It seems to me that when a person gets older and wiser, he begins to treat the negative experiences of other people with more attention. And younger people tend to develop by making their own mistakes.
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The presence of mistakes is an indispensable condition for gaining life experience, without which a person will never grow up and will not be able to develop, because without taking into account his failures, defeats and wrong actions, he will not improve or become better. Whether we like it or not, bumps, abrasions and scars are the laws of existence according to which civilization exists. Of course, it’s nice to learn from other people’s mistakes in order to protect yourself from their consequences. But is it always better to learn from other people's mistakes than from your own? Will it be as effective?
Prominent writers and thinkers throughout history have thought about this topic, just as I think about this desk today. I remember Mikhail Sholokhov’s novel “Quiet Don”, where the main character Grigory Melikhov, having survived numerous shocks and military campaigns under different banners, finally realizes that war, no matter which side it is on, means the death of innocent people and devastation lands. He begins his life's journey without thinking about the essence of military feats. The young Cossack is an excellent fighter and, as they say, was born in a shirt. He saw very well how the war was crippling his fellow villagers morally and spiritually, but he needed his own experience to understand this. Without it, he would not have found the truth he was looking for. You can’t realize such things from other people’s mistakes.
Mikhail Bulgakov also touched on this topic in his novel “The Master and Margarita.” Pontius Pilate, one of his most complex heroes, makes a fatal mistake that determined the course of world history in subsequent centuries. He gave the order for the execution of the preacher Yeshua, realizing that his hands would be stained with the blood of an innocent man. For this decision, Pilate suffered severe punishment, expecting forgiveness and tormented by pangs of conscience for more than one thousand days. What lesson did the Roman official learn? He couldn’t exactly correct his fatal mistake, and he wouldn’t have any more opportunities. No, his experience was not so superficial and literal, this is not a moral in a fable. The hero realized that he is not a god and cannot pass judgments where the issue of life and death is decided. His power is only earthly. But he seems to be the only ruler who understood his lack of rights and accepted it. This insight can only be felt at the cost of experience, because other people in power die without knowing the truth. In exchange for illusion, they gave up peace of mind and independence. Pilate, unlike them, having survived the trials, became free. Other people's mistakes would not have helped him do this.
Thus, I conclude, based on the experience of great Russian writers, that other people's mistakes cannot always help us. Our own experience is much more useful, because we can misinterpret someone else’s, since we do not know what this person knows. In addition, cardinal changes can only be made in us by our own conclusions and lessons that we have received.
Interesting? Save it on your wall!It is not surprising, because the world is formed in such a way that society consists of certain mistakes that are closely related to each other. In this chaos of interweaving thoughts, it is difficult to figure out who is right and who is wrong. As a result, we get the result that we have today. Let me give you a simple example. We all know the following sayings: “We only learn from mistakes”, “Everything that is not done is for the better”, “Only those who do nothing make mistakes”, “If only I knew where to fall, I would definitely put some straws” and other. And there are also such thoughts: “Doctors have no right to make mistakes,” “Sound biologists cannot have inaccuracies.” So it turns out that one category of people has this right to make a mistake, and the second does not? It's corny, isn't it? Let's try to figure it out using specific cases. One of the popular opinions is that one learns from mistakes. No one will argue that this is so. But let's think a little deeper into this process.
Final essay 2016-2017 on the topic of experience and mistakes
And all this because conscience, i.e., according to Dostoevsky, the voice of God in man, does not allow him to calmly accept the inhumanity of his idea. Only after completely repenting of his deeds, accepting hard labor as a purification, and not a punishment for weakness (unable to withstand mental torment, the hero confesses everything to the investigator), Raskolnikov resigns himself and receives peace. The problem of the inseparability of the concepts of “conscience” and “morality” is the most important in the novel.
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Dostoevsky directly states: when people forget about conscience, society degenerates. Its main character is Yegor Prokudin. A former criminal, he brought his mother a lot of grief and suffering. This torments the hero, who does not find any excuses for himself.
When meeting his mother after many years of separation, Yegor was unable to admit that he was her son. At the end of the story, it is conscience that prevents the hero from sinking to the very bottom of immorality.
Preparing for the final essay on literature
Shortly before the crime, the newspaper published his article “On the Crime,” in which he tried to prove that there are “supermen” who can change the course of history. Subsequent events and consequences prove his theory wrong. The author himself spent some time in hard labor and knew for sure that most crimes are committed due to social and everyday motives.
In this sense, Dostoevsky seemed to support and in every possible way try to justify his hero. But there is another side of the truth. He denies Raskolnikov's idea that “the end justifies the means.” It shows that the student committed the crime due to lack of money and deep poverty.
Over time, pangs of conscience begin to torment him and he wants to confess everything to the authorities.
What is Rodion Raskolnikov’s mistake?
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Exam 2017. literature. composition. 10 arguments on the topic: “experience and mistakes”
The work demonstrates the problem of irreparable mistakes in a person’s life, which can lead to serious consequences. Thus, the main character, Eugene Onegin, by his behavior with Olga in the Larins’ house, provoked the jealousy of his friend Lensky, who challenged him to a duel. The friends came together in a mortal battle, in which Vladimir, alas, turned out to be not as agile a shooter as Evgeniy.
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Misbehavior and a sudden duel between friends, thus, turned out to be a big mistake in the hero’s life. It is also worth turning here to the love story of Eugene and Tatiana, whose confessions Onegin cruelly rejects. Only years later does he realize what a fatal mistake he made.
It is also worth turning to I. S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons,” which reveals the problem of errors in the unshakability of views and beliefs, which can lead to disastrous consequences. In the work of I.S.
Final essay - experience and mistakes
The manifestation of cruelty and inhumanity, a huge mistake that led to Rodion’s suffering, became a lesson for him. Subsequently, the hero takes the right path, thanks to the spiritual purity and compassion of Sonechka Marmeladova. The crime committed remains a bitter experience for him for the rest of his life.
- “Fathers and Sons” by I.S. Turgenev
In the work of I.S. Turgenev Evgeny Bazarov is a progressive-minded young man, a nihilist who denies the value of the experience of previous generations. He says that he does not believe in feelings at all: “Love is rubbish, unforgivable nonsense.” The hero meets Anna Odintsova, with whom he falls in love and is afraid to admit it even to himself, because this would mean a contradiction to his own beliefs of universal denial.
However, later he becomes fatally ill, without admitting it to his family and friends.
The problem of consciencearguments for an essay
The writer sees the reason for his delusion, first of all, in lack of faith, separation from cultural traditions, and loss of love for Man. Analyzing Raskolnikov’s arguments in defense of his theory, we can conclude that its real meaning lies not in justifying the human right to do good with the help of evil, but in recognizing the existence of a “superman” who rises above “ordinary” morality. After all, the hero reflects not so much on the possibility of murder as such, but on the relativity of moral laws and the deification of the human person. Here lies Raskolnikov’s second, no less erroneous and tragic, delusion: he does not take into account the fact that an “ordinary”, “ordinary”, again by his standards, person is not capable of becoming a “superman”, replacing God.
Remember!
This means that you don’t have to rely on the experience and knowledge of others, you don’t have to listen to what others advise you, but best of all you have to live with your own mind and check everything from your own experience. Therefore, there are many historical and real-life examples. An interesting fact, for example, is that Aristotle wrote in one of his works that a fly has eight legs.
The scientific community around the world relied on this, and this statement was not questioned until the beginning of the 19th century. Although it would seem that it would be easier to catch a fly and count the number of its legs to make sure that Aristotle’s statement is correct. But this did not even occur to anyone, because everyone relied on the unsurpassed authority of the great scientist.
In the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky’s “Crime and Punishment” reflected the contradictions of reality and social thought of the “twilight” era of the 60s of the 19th century. The writer saw how the post-reform breakdown of social relations gradually led to a deep crisis of social ideals and the precariousness of the moral life of Russia. “Some trichinae appeared, microscopic creatures that inhabited the bodies of people,” Dostoevsky noted in his novel, referring to ideas that were different in essence and direction, occupying the minds of the younger generation, cut off from the norms of universal and Christian morality, separated from cultural traditions carefully preserved by previous generations.
But at the end of his life he also had an epiphany. And even he is able to understand what a mistake his life was. (He became scared; he needed to numb his sense of reality to such an extent that even this emptiness would not exist) And he goes to his mother’s grave to ask for her forgiveness. It's too late. On the way, the hero dies, also lonely, abandoned by everyone, unhappy. A difficult piece. The author showed the complex fates of people. But everything described is true. This is exactly how a person’s life can end if he chooses the wrong moral guidelines, if he moves away from loved ones and close people, subordinating himself to hoarding. For what? The bitter experience of disappointment will definitely await every such person. After all, the main thing in life is the people who love you, care about you, who need you and care about you.
Being seriously ill, he finally realizes that he loves Anna. Only at the end of his life does Eugene realize how greatly he was mistaken in his attitude towards love and nihilistic worldview. Essay example On his life's journey, a person has to make a large number of vital decisions, choose what to do in a given situation. In the process of experiencing various events, a person acquires life experience, which becomes his spiritual luggage, helping in future life and interaction with people and society. However, we often find ourselves in difficult, contradictory conditions when we cannot guarantee the correctness of our decision and be sure that what we consider correct now will not become a big mistake for us. An example of the influence of the actions he has committed on a person’s life can be seen in A.S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin.”
October 21, 2017Description of the presentation by individual slides:
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Final essay. Thematic area: Experience and mistakes. Prepared by: Shevchuk A.P., teacher of Russian language and literature, MBOU “Secondary School No. 1”, Bratsk
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List of recommended literature: Jack London “Martin Eden”, A.P. Chekhov “Ionych”, M.A. Sholokhov “Quiet Don”, Henry Marsh “Do No Harm” M.Yu. Lermontov “Hero of Our Time” “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign.” A. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”; “Eugene Onegin”. M. Lermontov “Masquerade”; “Hero of Our Time” I. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”; "Spring Waters"; "Noble Nest". F. Dostoevsky “Crime and Punishment.” L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"; "Anna Karenina"; "Resurrection". A. Chekhov “Gooseberry”; "About love". I. Bunin “Mr. from San Francisco”; "Dark alleys". A. Kupin “Olesya”; "Garnet bracelet". M. Bulgakov “Heart of a Dog”; "Fatal Eggs" O. Wilde “The Picture of Dorian Gray”. D.Keys "Flowers for Algernon." V. Kaverin “Two Captains”; "Painting"; “I’m going to the mountain.” A. Aleksin “Mad Evdokia”. B. Ekimov “Speak, mother, speak.” L. Ulitskaya “The Case of Kukotsky”; “Sincerely yours, Shurik.”
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Official comment: Within the framework of the direction, discussions are possible about the value of the spiritual and practical experience of an individual, a people, humanity as a whole, about the cost of mistakes on the path to understanding the world, gaining life experience. Literature often makes you think about the relationship between experience and mistakes: about experience that prevents mistakes, about mistakes without which it is impossible to move along the path of life, and about irreparable, tragic mistakes.
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Methodological recommendations: “Experience and errors” is a direction in which a clear opposition of two polar concepts is less implied, because without errors there is and cannot be experience. A literary hero, making mistakes, analyzing them and thereby gaining experience, changes, improves, and takes the path of spiritual and moral development. By assessing the actions of the characters, the reader gains invaluable life experience, and literature becomes a real textbook of life, helping not to make one’s own mistakes, the price of which can be very high. Speaking about the mistakes made by the heroes, it should be noted that a wrong decision or an ambiguous act can affect not only the life of an individual, but also have the most fatal impact on the destinies of others. In literature we also encounter tragic mistakes that affect the destinies of entire nations. It is in these aspects that one can approach the analysis of this thematic area.
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Aphorisms and sayings of famous people: You should not be timid for fear of making mistakes; the biggest mistake is to deprive yourself of experience. Luc de Clapier Vauvenargues You can make mistakes in different ways, but you can do the right thing only in one way, which is why the first is easy, and the second is difficult; easy to miss, difficult to hit the target. Aristotle In all matters we can only learn by trial and error, falling into error and being corrected. Karl Raimund Popper He is deeply mistaken who thinks that he will not make a mistake if others think for him. Aurelius Markov We easily forget our mistakes when they are known only to us. François de La Rochefoucauld Learn from every mistake. Ludwig Wittgenstein Shyness may be appropriate everywhere, but not in admitting one’s mistakes. Gotthold Ephraim Lessing It is easier to find an error than the truth. Johann Wolfgang Goethe
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As support in your reasoning, you can refer to the following works. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment". Raskolnikov, killing Alena Ivanovna and confessing to what he had done, does not fully realize the tragedy of the crime he committed, does not recognize the fallacy of his theory, he only regrets that he could not commit the crime, that he will not now be able to classify himself among the chosen ones. And only in hard labor does the soul-weary hero not only repent (he repented by confessing to the murder), but embark on the difficult path of repentance. The writer emphasizes that a person who admits his mistakes is able to change, he is worthy of forgiveness and needs help and compassion. (In the novel, next to the hero is Sonya Marmeladova, who is an example of a compassionate person).
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M.A. Sholokhov “The Fate of Man”, K.G. Paustovsky "Telegram". The heroes of so many different works make a similar fatal mistake, which I will regret all my life, but, unfortunately, they will not be able to correct anything. Andrei Sokolov, leaving for the front, pushes away his wife hugging him, the hero is irritated by her tears, he gets angry, believing that she is “burying him alive,” but it turns out the other way around: he returns, and the family dies. This loss is a terrible grief for him, and now he blames himself for every little thing and says with inexpressible pain: “Until my death, until my last hour, I will die, and I will not forgive myself for pushing her away then!”
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Story by K.G. Paustovsky is a story about lonely old age. Grandmother Katerina, abandoned by her own daughter, writes: “My beloved, I will not survive this winter. Come at least for a day. Let me look at you, hold your hands.” But Nastya calms herself with the words: “Since her mother writes, it means she’s alive.” Thinking about strangers, organizing an exhibition of a young sculptor, the daughter forgets about her only relative. And only after hearing warm words of gratitude “for caring for a person”, the heroine remembers that she has a telegram in her purse: “Katya is dying. Tikhon." Repentance comes too late: “Mom! How could this happen? After all, I have no one in my life. It is not and will not be dearer. If only I could make it in time, if only she could see me, if only she would forgive me.” The daughter arrives, but there is no one to ask for forgiveness. The bitter experience of the main characters teaches the reader to be attentive to loved ones “before it’s too late.”
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M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". The hero of the novel, M.Yu., also makes a series of mistakes in his life. Lermontov. Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin belongs to the young people of his era who were disillusioned with life. Pechorin himself says about himself: “Two people live in me: one lives in the full sense of the word, the other thinks and judges him.” Lermontov's character is an energetic, intelligent person, but he cannot find use for his mind, his knowledge. Pechorin is a cruel and indifferent egoist, because he causes misfortune to everyone with whom he communicates, and he does not care about the condition of other people. V.G. Belinsky called him a “suffering egoist” because Grigory Aleksandrovich blames himself for his actions, he is aware of his actions, worries and does not bring him satisfaction.
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Grigory Alexandrovich is a very smart and reasonable person, he knows how to admit his mistakes, but at the same time wants to teach others to admit theirs, as, for example, he kept trying to push Grushnitsky to admit his guilt and wanted to resolve their dispute peacefully. But then the other side of Pechorin also appears: after some attempts to defuse the situation in the duel and call Grushnitsky to conscience, he himself proposes to shoot in a dangerous place so that one of them will die. At the same time, the hero tries to turn everything into a joke, despite the fact that there is a threat to both the life of young Grushnitsky and his own life.
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After the murder of Grushnitsky, we see how Pechorin’s mood changed: if on the way to the duel he notices how beautiful the day is, then after the tragic event he sees the day in black colors, there is stone on his soul. The story of Pechorin's disappointed and dying soul is set out in the hero's diary entries with all the mercilessness of introspection; being both the author and the hero of the “magazine,” Pechorin fearlessly speaks about his ideal impulses, and about the dark sides of his soul, and about the contradictions of consciousness. The hero is aware of his mistakes, but does nothing to correct them; his own experience does not teach him anything. Despite the fact that Pechorin has an absolute understanding that he destroys human lives (“destroys the lives of peaceful smugglers,” Bela dies through his fault, etc.), the hero continues to “play” with the destinies of others, which makes himself unhappy .
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L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace". If Lermontov's hero, realizing his mistakes, could not take the path of spiritual and moral improvement, then Tolstoy's favorite heroes, the acquired experience helps them become better. When considering the topic in this aspect, one can turn to the analysis of the images of A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov. Prince Andrei Bolkonsky stands out sharply from the high society environment with his education, breadth of interests, dreams of accomplishing a feat, and desires great personal glory. His idol is Napoleon. To achieve his goal, Bolkonsky appears in the most dangerous places of the battle. Harsh military events contributed to the fact that the prince was disappointed in his dreams and realized how bitterly he was mistaken. Seriously wounded, remaining on the battlefield, Bolkonsky experiences a mental crisis. At these moments, a new world opens up before him, where there are no selfish thoughts or lies, but only the purest, highest, and fair.
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The prince realized that there is something more significant in life than war and glory. Now the former idol seems small and insignificant to him. Having experienced further events - the birth of a child and the death of his wife - Bolkonsky comes to the conclusion that he can only live for himself and his loved ones. This is only the first stage in the evolution of a hero who not only admits his mistakes, but also strives to become better. Pierre also makes a considerable series of mistakes. He leads a riotous life in the company of Dolokhov and Kuragin, but understands that such a life is not for him. He cannot immediately correctly evaluate people and therefore often makes mistakes in them. He is sincere, trusting, weak-willed.
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These character traits are clearly manifested in his relationship with the depraved Helen Kuragina - Pierre makes another mistake. Soon after marriage, the hero realizes that he was deceived and “processes his grief alone.” After breaking up with his wife, being in a state of deep crisis, he joins the Masonic lodge. Pierre believes that it is here that he will “find rebirth to a new life,” and again realizes that he is again mistaken in something important. The experience gained and the “thunderstorm of 1812” lead the hero to drastic changes in his worldview. He understands that one must live for the sake of people, one must strive to benefit the Motherland.
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M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don". Speaking about how the experience of military battles changes people and forces them to evaluate their mistakes in life, we can turn to the image of Grigory Melekhov. Fighting either on the side of the whites or on the side of the reds, he understands the monstrous injustice around him, and he himself makes mistakes, gains military experience and draws the most important conclusions in his life: “...my hands need to plow.” Home, family – that’s the value. And any ideology that pushes people to kill is a mistake. A person already wise with life experience understands that the main thing in life is not the war, but the son who greets him at the doorstep. It is worth noting that the hero admits that he was wrong. This is precisely the reason for his repeated darting from white to red.
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M.A. Bulgakov "Heart of a Dog". If we talk about experience as “a procedure for reproducing a phenomenon experimentally, creating something new under certain conditions for the purpose of research,” then the practical experience of Professor Preobrazhensky to “clarify the question of the survival of the pituitary gland, and subsequently its influence on rejuvenation organism in humans” can hardly be called completely successful. From a scientific point of view, it is very successful. Professor Preobrazhensky performs a unique operation. The scientific result was unexpected and impressive, but in everyday life it led to the most disastrous consequences.
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The guy who appeared in the professor’s house as a result of the operation, “short in stature and unattractive in appearance,” behaves defiantly, arrogantly and insolently. However, it should be noted that the emerging humanoid creature easily finds itself in a changed world, but does not differ in human qualities and soon becomes a thunderstorm not only for the inhabitants of the apartment, but also for the residents of the entire house. Having analyzed his mistake, the professor realizes that the dog was much more “humane” than P.P. Sharikov.
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Thus, we are convinced that the humanoid hybrid Sharikov is more a failure than a victory for Professor Preobrazhensky. He himself understands this: “Old donkey... This, doctor, is what happens when a researcher, instead of going parallel and groping with nature, forces the question and lifts the veil: here, get Sharikov and eat him with porridge.” Philip Philipovich comes to the conclusion that violent intervention in the nature of man and society leads to catastrophic results. In the story “Heart of a Dog,” the professor corrects his mistake - Sharikov again turns into a dog. He is happy with his fate and with himself. But in real life, such experiments have a tragic effect on people’s destinies, warns Bulgakov. Actions must be thoughtful and not destructive. The main idea of the writer is that naked progress, devoid of morality, brings death to people and such a mistake will be irreversible.
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V.G. Rasputin "Farewell to Matera". When discussing mistakes that are irreparable and bring suffering not only to each individual person, but also to the people as a whole, one can turn to the indicated story by a twentieth-century writer. This is not just a work about the loss of one’s home, but also about how wrong decisions lead to disasters that will certainly affect the life of society as a whole. The plot of the story is based on a true story. During the construction of the hydroelectric power station on the Angara, the surrounding villages were flooded. Relocation has become a painful experience for residents of flooded areas. After all, hydroelectric power stations are built for a large number of people.
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This is an important economic project, for the sake of which we need to rebuild, and not hold on to the old. But can this decision be called unambiguously correct? Residents of flooded Matera are moving to a village built inhumanely. The mismanagement with which huge amounts of money are spent hurts the soul of the writer. Fertile lands will be flooded, and in the village built on the northern slope of the hill, on stones and clay, nothing will grow. Gross interference in nature will certainly lead to environmental problems. But for the writer it is not so much they that are important as the spiritual life of people. For Rasputin it is absolutely clear that the collapse, the disintegration of a nation, people, country begins with the disintegration of the family.
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And the reason for this is the tragic mistake that progress is much more important than the souls of old people saying goodbye to their home. And there is no repentance in the hearts of young people. The older generation, wise from life experience, does not want to leave their native island, not because they cannot appreciate all the benefits of civilization, but primarily because for these amenities they demand to give Matera, that is, to betray their past. And the suffering of the elderly is an experience that each of us must learn. A person cannot, should not, abandon his roots. In discussions on this topic, one can turn to history and the disasters that human “economic” activity entailed. Rasputin's story is not just a story about great construction projects, it is the tragic experience of previous generations as an edification to us, people of the 21st century.
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Composition. “Experience is the teacher of everything” (Gaius Julius Caesar) As a person grows up, he learns from books, school classes, conversations and relationships with other people. In addition, the environment, traditions of the family and the people as a whole have an important influence. While studying, a child receives a lot of theoretical knowledge, but the ability to apply it in practice is necessary in order to acquire skills and gain personal experience. In other words, you can read the encyclopedia of life and know the answer to any question, but in reality, only personal experience, that is, practice, will help you learn to live, and without this unique experience a person will not be able to live a bright, full, rich life. The authors of many works of fiction depict characters in dynamics to show how each person develops his personality and goes through his own path.
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Let us turn to Anatoly Rybakov’s novels “Children of the Arbat”, “Fear”, “The Thirty-Fifth and Other Years”, “Dust and Ashes”. The difficult fate of the main character Sasha Pankratov passes before the reader’s gaze. At the beginning of the story, he is a sympathetic guy, an excellent student, a school graduate and a first-year student. He is confident in his rightness, in his future, in the party, his friends, he is an open person, ready to help those in need. It is because of his sense of justice that he suffers. Sasha is sent into exile, and suddenly he finds himself an enemy of the people, completely alone, far from home, convicted under a political article. Throughout the trilogy, the reader observes the development of Sasha’s personality. All his friends turn away from him, except for the girl Varya, who selflessly waits for him, helping his mother overcome the tragedy.
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Victor Hugo's novel Les Misérables tells the story of the girl Cosette. Her mother was forced to give her baby to the family of the innkeeper Thenardier. They treated someone else's child very badly there. Cosette saw how the owners pampered and loved their own daughters, who were smartly dressed, played and were mischievous all day long. Like any child, Cosette also wanted to play, but she was forced to clean the tavern, go to the forest to get water from the spring, and sweep the street. She was dressed in miserable rags, and slept in a closet under the stairs. Bitter experience taught her not to cry, not to complain, but to silently carry out the orders of Aunt Thenardier. When, by the will of fate, Jean Valjean snatched the girl from the clutches of Thenardier, she did not know how to play, did not know what to do with herself. The poor child learned to laugh again, play with dolls again, spending his days carefree. However, in the future, it was this bitter experience that helped Cosette become modest, with a pure heart and an open soul.
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Thus, our reasoning allows us to formulate the following conclusion. It is personal experience that teaches a person about life. Whatever this experience may be, bitter or blissful, it is our own, experienced, and the lessons of life teach us, forming character and nurturing personality.