The image of Masha (A.S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter.”)
Masha Mironova- daughter of the commandant of the Belogorsk fortress. She is an ordinary Russian girl: “chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair combed smoothly behind the ears.” Timid and sensitive, she was afraid even of a gun shot. In many ways, her timidity and embarrassment are caused by the fact that she lives a rather secluded life. From the words of Vasilisa Egorovna, we learn about the girl’s unenviable fate: “The girl is of marriageable age, but what is her dowry?” Shvabrin wooes her. But Masha refuses Shvabrin’s offer to become his wife. She cannot accept marriage to an unloved person. A marriage of convenience is unthinkable for her, even if she finds herself in the most difficult situation.
Masha sincerely fell in love with Peter Grinev, but she would never agree to get married without the blessing of the groom's parents.
A bitter fate awaits the girl ahead: her parents were executed, and she was hidden in her house by the priest. But Shvabrin took Masha by force and put him under lock and key, forcing her to marry him. When the long-awaited salvation finally comes in the person of Pugachev, the girl is overcome by conflicting feelings: she sees before her the murderer of her parents and at the same time her savior. Instead of words of gratitude, she covered her face with both hands and fell unconscious.
Pugachev released Peter and Masha, and Grinev sent her to her parents, who received the girl well.
The character of Masha Mironova is clearly revealed after Grinev’s arrest. She was very worried, because she knew the real reason for the arrest and considered herself guilty of Grinev’s misfortunes. Masha goes to St. Petersburg. She is determined to achieve the release of her loved one, no matter the cost.
Having met the empress by chance, but not yet knowing who this woman is, Masha openly tells her her story. It is in this meeting that the character of a modest and timid Russian girl without any education is truly revealed, who, however, found in herself enough strength, fortitude and unyielding determination to defend the truth and achieve the acquittal of her innocent fiancé.
Soon she was called to the court, where the release of Pyotr Andreevich was announced.
The image of Masha Mironova was dear and close to the author. She personifies the ideal of a woman - with a pure, albeit slightly naive soul, a kind, sympathetic heart, faithful and capable of sincere love, for which she is ready to make any sacrifices and do the most daring acts.
The image of Katerina (play by A. N. Ostrovsky “The Thunderstorm”)
For the main character of Ostrovsky's play "The Thunderstorm" Katerina, truth and a deep sense of duty are above all in life.
As a child, Katerina was surrounded by beauty and harmony; she lived among her mother’s love and fragrant nature. She lived with her mother in the village, went to wash herself, listened to the stories of wanderers, then sat down to do some work, and so the whole day passed. The girl did not receive a good education. Katerina had magical dreams in which she flew under the clouds. Strongly contrasts with such a quiet, happy life is the action of a six-year-old girl when Katya, offended by something, ran away from home in the evening to the Volga, got into a boat and pushed off from the shore!...
We see that Katerina grew up as a happy, romantic, but limited girl. She was very devout and passionately loving. She loved everything and everyone around her: nature, the sun, the church, her home with wanderers, the beggars whom she helped. But the most important thing about Katya is that she lived in her dreams, apart from the rest of the world. From everything that existed, she chose only that which did not contradict her nature; the rest she did not want to notice and did not notice. That’s why the girl saw angels in the sky, and for her the church was not an oppressive and oppressive force, but a place where everything is light, where you can dream. We can say that Katerina was naive and kind, brought up in a completely religious spirit. But if she encountered something on her way... contradicted her ideals, she turned into a rebellious and stubborn nature and defended herself from that stranger, stranger, who boldly disturbed her soul. This was the case with the boat. After marriage, Katya's life changed a lot. From a free, joyful, sublime world in which she felt united with nature, the girl found herself in a life full of deception, cruelty and desolation.
Katerina did not marry Tikhon of her own free will: she did not love anyone at all and she did not care who she married. The fact is that the girl was robbed of her former life, which she created for herself. Katerina no longer feels such delight from visiting church; she cannot do her usual activities. Sad, anxious thoughts do not allow her to calmly admire nature. Katya can only endure as long as she can and dream, but she can no longer live with her thoughts, because cruel reality returns her to earth, to where there is humiliation and suffering. Katerina tries to find her happiness in love for Tikhon, but sincere manifestations of this love are stopped by Kabanikha: “Why are you hanging around your neck, shameless one? It’s not your lover you’re saying goodbye to.” Katerina has a strong sense of external humility and duty, which is why she forces herself to love her unloved husband. Tikhon himself, because of his mother’s tyranny, cannot truly love his wife, although he probably wants to. And when he, leaving for a while, leaves Katya to walk around to his heart's content, the girl becomes completely lonely.
Why did Katerina fall in love with Boris? Probably the reason was that she lacked something pure in the stuffy atmosphere of Kabanikha’s house. And love for Boris was this pure, did not allow Katerina to completely wither away, somehow supported her.
She went on a date with Boris because she felt like a person with pride and basic rights. It was a rebellion against submission to fate, against lawlessness. Katerina knew that she was committing a sin, but she also knew that it was still impossible to live any longer. She sacrificed the purity of her conscience to freedom and Boris.
And by this step, Katya already felt the approaching end and wanted to be satisfied with love, knowing that there would be no other opportunity. On their first date, Katerina told Boris: “You ruined me.” Sin hangs like a heavy stone on her heart. Katerina is terribly afraid of the approaching thunderstorm, considering it a punishment for what she did. Katerina has been afraid of thunderstorms ever since she started thinking about Boris. For her pure soul, even the thought of loving a stranger is a sin. Katya cannot live any longer with her sin, and she considers repentance to be the only way to at least partially get rid of it. She confesses everything to her husband and Kabanikha. Katya fears God, but her God lives in her, God is her conscience. The girl is tormented by two questions: how will she return home and look into the eyes of the husband she cheated on, and how will she live with a stain on her conscience. Katerina sees death as the only way out of this situation.
Haunted by her sin, Katerina leaves this life to save her soul.
The poor, innocent “bird imprisoned in a cage” could not withstand the captivity - Katerina committed suicide. The girl still managed to “take off”, she stepped from the high bank into the Volga, “spread her wings” and boldly went to the bottom.
By her action, Katerina resists the “dark kingdom.”
Municipal educational institution
Beloyarsk secondary school
Literature section
Maria Sudakova Vladimirovna
Head: Luzanova Elena Valentinovna
teacher of Russian language and literature
Bely Yar, 2010
code___________________
Literature section
The image of Masha Mironova in A.S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter”
introduction
1. The image of the captain's daughter
2. The character of Masha Mironova
3. Evolution of the image of Masha Mironova
conclusion
Bibliography
Introduction. About Pushkin's story "The Captain's Daughter"
Historical works of fiction are one of the ways to master the specific historical content of a particular era. Every historical work is educational. But the main purpose of historical prose is not so much a reconstruction of the past, but an attempt to connect the past and the present, to “embrace” the movement of history, and to look into the future.
Our work is relevant, because interest in Pushkin’s work has not waned for more than two hundred years, and each time researchers find new sources for the creation of one or another literary image.
Writers of different eras turned to the past for different reasons. For example, romantics who did not find an ideal in the present looked for it in the past. Realist writers in the past tried to find answers to modern questions. And this method of searching for truth remains relevant to this day. Modern man is still concerned with philosophical problems: what is good and evil?, how does the past influence the future?, what is the meaning of human life? Therefore, the modern reader’s turn to historical prose is natural.
A work that arouses not only interest in a certain historical era, but also love for the work of A.S. Pushkin in general is his novel “The Captain's Daughter”, where the main historical event is the uprising of Emelyan Pugachev.
The idea of a historical story from the Pugachev uprising arose in Pushkin under the influence of the social situation of the early 1830s. But why did the famous writer name his story exactly that? After all, the story is based on historical facts, and, according to many researchers, the development of the relationship between Grinev and Pugachev, the nobleman and the peasant king, occupies a central place. Throughout the story, the path of development of P.A. is shown. Grineva. We see how the main character changes, the discovery of the inner person in a person occurs. But what or who influences these changes in the hero’s inner world? Undoubtedly, these are historical events and the first sincere love awakened by a simple girl, the captain’s daughter. Who is she? Who is this captain's daughter? And here we would like to dwell in more detail on the image of Masha Mironova.
Goal of the work: trace all the changes that occurred with Masha Mironova, explain their reason.
Job Objectives: 1. Refer to the content of A.S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter”, and specifically, to the image of Masha Mironova.
2. Study critics’ reviews of Misha Mironova as a literary heroine.
This topic has not been sufficiently studied in the critical literature, which is why the idea arose to develop this topic.
The research material was the story by A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”
We assume that the image of Masha Mironova has undergone significant changes throughout the story.
2. The image of the captain's daughter.
Pushkin uses laconicism when depicting the main character. “Then a girl of about eighteen came in, chubby, ruddy, with light brown hair, smoothly combed behind her ears, which were on fire,” is how Pushkin describes the daughter of Captain Mironov. If you think about it, she wasn't a beauty, but she wasn't ugly either. We can note that the heroine is shy, modest, blushes every minute and is always silent. We can say that Masha “at first I don’t like” and “doesn’t make any impression” on Grinev. But one cannot judge by first impressions, especially since Grinev’s opinion about Masha soon changes. “Marya Ivanovna soon stopped being shy with me. We met. I found in it prudent And sensitive girl,” we read from Pushkin. What do the highlighted words mean? “Prudence is prudence, thoughtfulness in actions. Sensitive – having increased susceptibility to external influences,” we read in Ozhegov’s dictionary.
The reader guesses that some kind of feeling is awakening in Grinev’s soul... And only in Chapter 5 does Pushkin openly name this feeling to us - love. Let us pay attention to Masha’s care towards Grinev during her illness after the fight with Shvabrin. The simplicity and integrity of her feelings, the naturalness of its manifestation remain unnoticed, and for modern young people they are not understandable: after all, Masha and Grinev are connected only spiritual connection. During his illness, Grinev realizes that he loves Masha and proposes marriage. But the girl does not promise him anything, but chastely makes it clear that she also loves Pyotr Andreevich. As you know, Grinev’s parents do not give consent to their son’s marriage to the captain’s daughter, and Marya Ivanovna refuses to marry Grinev, sacrificing her love for the sake of her beloved. According to researcher A.S. Degozhskaya, the heroine of the story was “raised in patriarchal conditions: in the old days, marriage without parental consent was considered a sin.” The daughter of Captain Mironov knows “that Pyotr Grinev’s father is a man of tough character,” and he will not forgive his son for marrying against his will. Masha does not want to hurt her loved one, interfere with his happiness and harmony with his parents. This is how the strength of her character and sacrifice are demonstrated. We have no doubt that it’s hard for Masha, but for the sake of her beloved she is ready to give up her happiness.
2. The character of Masha Mironova
After hostilities and the death of her parents, Masha is left alone in the Belogorsk fortress. This is where the firmness, decisiveness of character, and the inflexibility of her will are revealed to us. The villain Shvabrin puts the girl in a punishment cell, not letting anyone in to see the prisoner, giving her only bread and water. All these tortures were necessary to obtain consent to marriage, since Marya Ivanovna did not agree voluntarily. There was and is only one person in her heart - Grinev. And in days of trials, in days of losing hope of uniting with Petrusha and in the face of danger, and perhaps even death itself, Marya Ivanovna retains her presence of mind and unshakable fortitude, she does not lose the power of faith. Before us is no longer a shy coward who is afraid of everything, but a brave girl, firm in her convictions. She faces death, but she hates Shvabrin. Who would have thought that Masha, the former quiet girl, could utter such words: “I will never be his wife: I better decided to die and will die if they don’t deliver me.”
Masha is a person of strong will. She faces difficult trials, and she endures them with honor. And here's one more thing. Grinev is taken to prison. And this modest, shy girl, left without parents, considers it her moral duty to save Grinev. Marya Ivanovna goes to St. Petersburg. In a conversation with the empress, she admits: “I came to ask for mercy, not justice.” According to D. Blagoy, during Masha’s meeting with the Empress, “the character of the captain’s daughter, a simple Russian girl, essentially without any education, who, however, found in herself at the necessary moment enough “mind and heart”, is truly revealed to us.” firmness of spirit and unyielding determination in order to achieve the acquittal of his innocent fiancé.”
Masha Mironova is one of those heroes of The Captain's Daughter, in whom, according to Gogol, the “simple greatness of ordinary people” was embodied. Despite the fact that Masha Mironova bears the stamp of a different time, a different environment, the outback where she grew up and was formed, in Pushkin she became the bearer of those character traits that are organic to the indigenous nature of a Russian woman. Characters like hers are free from enthusiastic fervor, from ambitious impulses towards self-sacrifice, but always serve man and the triumph of truth and humanity. “Delight is short-lived, fickle, and therefore does not have the power to produce true great perfection,” wrote Pushkin. Thus, the captain’s daughter - Masha Mironova - in Pushkin’s work deserves to take a place next to Tatyana Larina, who became the embodiment of simple, but distinctively natural traits of the national female character.
Pushkin reveals the complex contradictions that arise between political and ethical conflicts in the destinies of his heroes. What is fair from the point of view of the laws of the noble state turns out to be inhumane. But also the ethics of the peasant uprising of the 18th century. revealed itself to Pushkin from a very cruel side. The complexity of Pushkin's thought is reflected in the construction of the novel. The composition of the novel is constructed exclusively symmetrically. At first, Masha finds herself in trouble: the harsh laws of the peasant revolution are destroying her family and threatening her happiness. Grinev goes to the peasant king and saves his bride. Then Grinev finds himself in trouble, the reason for which this time lies in the laws of noble statehood. Masha goes to the noble queen and saves the life of her fiancé.
4. The evolution of the character of Masha Mironova
At the beginning of the work, we are presented with a timid, timid girl, about whom her mother says that she is a “coward.” A homeless woman who only has “a fine comb, a broom, and an altyn of money.” Over time, the character of Marya Ivanovna, “a prudent and sensitive girl,” is revealed to readers. She is capable of deep and sincere love, but her innate nobility does not allow her to sacrifice her principles. She is ready to give up personal happiness because she does not have the blessing of her parents. “No, Pyotr Andreich,” answered Masha, “I will not marry you without the blessing of your parents. Without their blessing you will not be happy. Let us submit to the will of God.” But the life around her changes dramatically, the “rebels of the villain Pugachev” come to the fortress, and Masha’s position also changes. From the captain's daughter, she becomes Shvabrin's prisoner. It would seem that a weak and timid girl should submit to the will of her tormentor. But Masha shows here traits that were still living latently in her. She is ready to die, just not to become the wife of Alexei Ivanovich.
Rescued by Pugachev and Grinev, Marya Ivanovna gradually regains her lost balance. But here’s a new test: Grinev is put on trial as a traitor. Only she can prove his innocence. Marya Ivanovna finds the strength and determination to go to the empress’s court to seek protection. Now in these fragile hands the fate of a loved one, the guarantee of future happiness. And we see that this girl had enough determination, resourcefulness and intelligence to save Grinev and restore justice.
Thus, throughout the novel, the character of this girl gradually changes.
conclusions
The composition of the novel is constructed exclusively symmetrically. At first, Masha finds herself in trouble: the harsh laws of the peasant revolution are destroying her family and threatening her happiness. Grinev goes to the peasant king and saves his bride. Then Grinev finds himself in trouble, the reason for which this time lies in the laws of noble statehood. Masha goes to the noble queen and saves the life of her fiancé.
Masha Mironova is one of those heroes of The Captain's Daughter, in whom, according to Gogol, the “simple greatness of ordinary people” was embodied. Masha is a person of strong will. From a timid, dumb “coward” she grows into a brave and decisive heroine, capable of defending her right to happiness. That is why the novel is named after her “The Captain's Daughter”. She is a true heroine. Her best features will develop and manifest themselves in the heroines of Tolstoy and Turgenev, Nekrasov and Ostrovsky.
Bibliography.
1. D.D. Good. From Cantemir to the present day. Volume 2 – M.: “Fiction”, 1973
2. A.S. Degozhskaya. Story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" in school study. – M.: “Enlightenment”, 1971
3. Yu.M. Lotman. At the school of poetic word. Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol. – M.: “Enlightenment”, 1988
4. N.N. Petrunina. Pushkin's prose (paths of evolution). – Leningrad: “SCIENCE”, 1987
A.S. Degozhskaya. Story by A.S. Pushkin's "The Captain's Daughter" in school study. – M.: “Enlightenment”, 1971
D.D. Good. From Cantemir to the present day. Volume 2 – M.: “Fiction”, 1973
An essay on the topic "Why is the story called "The Captain's Daughter."
It is known that the story "The Captain's Daughter" was conceived by Pushkin as a historical description of the Pugachev rebellion. There is a version that Pushkin had every reason to fear that censorship would not allow the story, where one of the central characters is Emelyan Pugachev, and he is portrayed with obvious sympathy as a very bright, strong, charismatic personality. Therefore, the author decided to introduce the love line of Peter Grinev and Masha. As a result, the story about Pugachev grew into a romantic story of love and fidelity.
The story "The Captain's Daughter" depicts not only historical events, but also the lives of ordinary people in the current conditions. The author shows us how the events of the Pugachev riot break human destinies. The main theme of the story is the behavior of people in the most critical situations. Life's trials reveal a variety of character traits in a person. Therefore, the story highlights such moral qualities as patriotism, love, loyalty, honor, dignity, duty and conscience.
The story depicts in great detail the fate of Masha Mironova, who was the daughter of Commandant Mironov, captain of the Belogorsk fortress, and found herself at the center of all the events of the story.
This heroine becomes the cause of a quarrel and duel between Shvabrin and Grinev. It is for her sake that Grinev rushes to the Belogorsk fortress occupied by the rebels. Masha faced many trials, but it was this timid and timid girl who, at decisive moments in her life, was able to become brave and courageous.
The main trials in the life of Masha Mironova begin on the day the fortress was captured - when her parents died. She falls into the hands of the new commandant of the fortress - the traitor Shvabrin. Unhappy Masha had to endure a lot of suffering and humiliation for her refusal to marry him. But she, like her father, found the strength and courage not to change her convictions.
When her beloved was arrested on false charges of treason, Masha decides to take a bold action - to go to St. Petersburg, to ask the Empress herself for Grinev. For the first time in her life, she makes such a difficult decision and takes responsibility not only for herself, but also for the future, for the honor of Grinev and his family. Masha's honesty and sincerity convinced the empress, and Grinev received forgiveness.
Thus, the quiet and timid captain’s daughter, in a difficult situation, managed to cope with her fear and with honor endure all the trials that befell her. That is why the title of the story is so closely connected with the image of Masha - the modest, quiet daughter of the heroically deceased Captain Mironov. In very difficult conditions, she, like her father, showed firmness and courage. Thanks to her love, intelligence, honesty and sincerity, she was able to save the good name of her fiancé and helped restore justice.
All the best human qualities are embodied in the image of a simple girl - the daughter of Captain Mironov. Therefore, it seems to me that the title of Pushkin’s work reflects its essence - it is about the captain’s daughter Masha Mironova.
Her image, created by the author, is attractive and can be an example for every girl, including me. It was the image of Masha, the captain’s daughter, that the author included in the title of the work. By this, the writer tells us in advance that here in the story, despite historical events, the theme of love is brought to the fore. But in the essay we will focus not on love, but on the very image of Masha Mironova, on which the essay was assigned for home.
Essay: The captain's daughter image of Masha Mironova
I’ll start characterizing Masha with the fact that she is the only daughter of Captain Mironov. She is modest and inconspicuous. Her mother calls her cowardly. Shvabrin also speaks unflatteringly about the girl, making Masha look like a fool. But Masha herself is not like that, and we are convinced of this when we read Pushkin’s work further.
So what is Masha Mironova like in the story The Captain's Daughter?
Masha, this is the person who immediately appeared before us unremarkable and unnoticeable, but the girl is quickly reborn. This is the type of person who does not get lost in difficult times. The girl is actually strong, courageous, devoted and does not betray her feelings and principles. Honor is the main thing for her, just like the main thing in life is to love and be loved, so she refused the unloved Shvabrin, despite the fact that she has no dowry and he has money.
The girl falls in love with Grinev and these feelings are mutual. She fell in love and now, for the sake of her beloved, she is capable of anything. For the sake of her love, she is ready to starve and live locked up. For the sake of her beloved, the girl is not afraid to appear before the Empress, from whom she plans to ask for mercy for her groom, but not everyone will decide to do such an act. Masha made up her mind. She came to explain everything to Catherine. And Grinev was pardoned.
Masha Mironova is the main character of A. S. Pushkin’s story “The Captain’s Daughter”. This is a shy, modest girl with an unremarkable appearance: “Then a girl of about eighteen came in, round-faced, ruddy, with light brown hair, combed smoothly behind her ears, which was on fire.” Grinev perceived the captain’s daughter with prejudice, since Shvabrin described her as “a complete fool.”
However, gradually between Pyotr Grinev and The captain's daughter develops mutual sympathy, which has grown into love. Masha is attentive to Grinev, is sincerely worried about him when he decided to fight a duel with Shvabrin (“Marya Ivanovna tenderly reprimanded me for the anxiety caused to everyone by my quarrel with Shvabrin”). The characters' feelings for each other were fully revealed after being seriously wounded, received by Grinev in a duel. Masha did not leave the wounded man, caring for him. The heroine is not characterized by affectation, she simply talks about her feelings (“she, without any affectation, admitted to me her heartfelt inclination...”).
For the chapters in which Masha Mironova appears, the author selected excerpts from Russian folk songs and proverbs as epigraphs: Oh, you girl, you red girl! Don’t go, girl, you’re young to get married; You ask, girl, father, mother, Father, mother, clan-tribe; Accumulate, girl, mind-mind, mind-mind, dowry.
If you find me better, you will forget. If you find me worse, you will remember. The use of such epigraphs, whose content corresponds to a particular situation, serves as one of the means of poetizing the image of Masha Mironova, and also allows A. S. Pushkin to emphasize the high spiritual qualities of his heroine, her closeness to the people.
Masha is a poor bride: according to Vasilisa Yegorovna, her daughter’s dowry includes “a fine comb, a broom, and an altyn of money (God forgive me!), with which to go to the bathhouse”; but she does not set herself the goal of ensuring her material well-being through a marriage of convenience. She rejected Shvabrin’s marriage proposal because she doesn’t love him: “I don’t love Alexei Ivanych. He is very disgusting to me... Alexey Ivanovich, of course, is an intelligent man, and has a good family name, and has a fortune; but when I think that it will be necessary to kiss him under the aisle in front of everyone... No way! not for any well-being!”
The commandant's daughter was brought up in strictness, obedient to parents, easy to communicate. Having learned that Grinev’s father is against his son’s marriage to her, Masha is upset, but resigns herself to the decision of her beloved’s parents: “I can see fate... Your relatives don’t want me into their family. Let the Lord's will be in everything! God knows better than we do what we need. There is nothing to do, Pyotr Andreich, at least be happy...” In this episode, the depth of her nature is revealed. Masha, feeling responsible for her beloved, refuses to get married without her parents’ blessing: “Without their blessing, you will not be happy.”
Tests The hardships that befall the girl instill in her perseverance and courage. Parents considered Masha a coward, because she was scared to death of a cannon shot on Vasilisa Egorovna’s name day. But when Shvabrin, under pain of death, forces her to marry him, Masha does everything possible to save herself. Left orphaned and deprived of her home, the girl managed to survive without losing her spiritual qualities. Considering himself to be the culprit of Grinev’s arrest and realizing that in order to save her honor, he would never utter her name in court, Masha decides to go to St. Petersburg and independently draws up an action plan to restore justice. Masha’s ability to win over people of different character and social status also played a big role in this.
What is the meaning of the title of the story? Why “The Captain’s Daughter”, because the main character of the work is rather Pyotr Grinev? Of course, the events taking place in the story are in one way or another connected with the image of Masha Mironova. But I believe that A. S. Pushkin sought to show how human qualities are manifested in difficult trials, sometimes hidden. Honesty, morality, purity - the main qualities of Masha Mironova - allowed her to overcome her bitter fate, find a home, family, happiness, save the future of her loved one, his honor.