Pay attention to the different stress in the same-root adjectives (cherry, laurel-cherry). Stress in words Words in which the stress falls on the suffix

Emphasis in words

The words for the Unified State Exam are on the page with the correct accents in the words.

Accent

In the flow of speech, one of the syllables in a word is emphasized by stress.

Stress is the pronunciation of one of the syllables with greater force and duration. Unlike some other languages ​​(for example, Vietnamese, Serbo-Croatian), in Russian the stress is not associated with a change in tone.

Unlike some other languages ​​(for example, French, Polish), in Russian the stress is varied - it is not assigned to a specific syllable:

light(emphasis falls on the first syllable).

brighten(stress falls on the second syllable).

Firefly(stress falls on the last syllable).

Russian stress can fall on different parts of a word:

(here the emphasis falls on the suffix).

(here the emphasis falls on the prefix).

(here the emphasis falls on the root).

Stress norms for most words in the Russian language are contained in the spelling dictionary.

Indication of the softness of consonants in writing

The softness of consonants is indicated in writing in several ways.

Unpaired soft consonants [й'], [ч'], [ш'] are indicated in writing by the letters y, h, sch.

Paired soft consonants [b'], [v'], [g'], [d'], [z'], [k'], [l'], [m'], [n'], [p '], [p'], [s'], [t'], [f'], [x'] do not have “proper” letters to designate. Their softness is indicated in writing in two ways:

1) using vowels e, e, yu, i, and:

chalk - [m’el],

ice - [l’ot],

hatch - [l’uk],

ball - [m’ach’],

drink - [p'it"];

2) using b at the end of a word or before other consonants:

mole - [mol’],

In the Russian language, in some borrowed words, before the vowel letter e there is not a soft, but a hard consonant sound: temp - [temp]. The pronunciation of such words should be memorized. You also need to remember the pronunciation of some borrowed words in which a soft consonant sounds before the vowel e.

Teacher's comments on the material being studied

But the action of a general tendency can lead to a shift of emphasis to the suffix or ending of the adjective. Especially a lot of hesitation is observed when forming adjectives from monosyllabic nouns using suffixes -ov- , -ev- .

Compare: maintaining stress on the first syllable: armorial, marching; shifting the emphasis to a suffix or ending: downy, bass, tiger, moss, gross, knife, soup, alcohol.

In some cases, stress depends on the meaning of the adjective and on compatibility.

Wed: laurel family – bay leaf; language barrier - language sausage, temporary categories - temporary difficulties, house book - a brownie lives in the house.

4. In adjectives with suffix -ist- The following trend is at work.

If in a noun the stress falls on the first syllable, then in an adjective the suffix -ist- will be stressed: velvet – velvety.

If in a noun the stress falls on the second syllable, then in an adjective the stress remains on the same syllable: swamp - swampy.

At the same time, deviations from this trend are also possible here. Thus, variants of an adjective formed from a noun have equal rights muscle - muscular And muscular. Among the variants formed from a noun sugar, option sugary is the main one, but an option is also acceptable sugary.

5. Accent in comparative forms (with suffix -her ) and superlative degree (with the suffix -aysh-/-eysh- ) is determined by the form of a short feminine adjective.

If the accent falls on the ending -A , then the comparative and superlative suffixes will be stressed ( long - longer, longest).

If the stress in the short form of the adjective falls on the stem, then the stress on the same syllable is preserved in the forms of the comparative and superlative degrees:

hasty - more hastily; sultry - hotter; convenient - more convenient; beautiful - more beautiful, most beautiful.

PAY PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE LATTER FORMS, SINCE ERRORS ARE VERY COMMON IN THEIR PRONUNCIATION. THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE BEAUTIFUL AND THE BEAUTIFUL INDICATES THE LOW SPEECH CULTURE OF A PERSON, ALTHOUGH THESE FORMS ARE OFTEN SOUNDS FROM THE TV SCREEN!).

6. For one- and two-syllable short adjectives, the most typical model is the following: the ending is stressed only in the feminine form, in other forms the stress falls on the stem:

lively - striker, striker, striker, striker; right - right, right, right, right.

According to this model, short forms of adjectives are formed:

lively, flexible, smooth, naked, loud, cheap, wild, expensive, pathetic, hot, hard, lively, liquid, sonorous, brief, accurate, young, powerful, naked, common (belonging to all), right (fair; containing the truth) ), timid, gray, nice, sweet, blind, strange, damp, well-fed, whole, sensitive, young, nimble, etc.

Please note that forms like right are not only not normative, but also indicate a person’s low speech culture!

However, short forms are very strongly influenced by the general tendency to shift the emphasis to the ending of the adjective. This process most actively involves plural forms. Thus, in the last ten to fifteen years, a whole group of short adjectives that obeyed the indicated model, along with the main option - stress based on ( stupid), the form with a stressed ending ( stupid):

cheerful, stupid, deaf, proud (arrogant), bitter, rough, sour, oblique, strong, crooked, dexterous, small, dead (inanimate),soft, bad, rare, sharp, weak, old, strict, dry, quiet, bright and etc.

Please note that although forms with stressed endings (cheerful) are given by dictionaries as acceptable, they are still undesirable, since they indicate a lower speech culture of a person!

Options with an accent on the ending and on the base in the plural form are now perceived as equal ( poor And poor) for a number of adjectives:

poor, close, pale, important, faithful, tasty, wet, harmful, hungry, sad, dirty, thick, long, kind, friendly, greedy, yellow, fat, green, short, round, large, cool, cute, wet, gloomy, tender, low, new, dense, full (exhaustive), strong, straight, empty, even, gray-haired, modest, stingy, boring, complex, bold, salty, juicy, ripe, scary, hard, close, thick, thin, precise, difficult, stupid, cold, brave, thin, honest, clean, narrow, clear.

Finally, for some short adjectives in the plural, the stressed form may become the main normative variant ( simple), whereas the accented form based on ( simple) is recorded as valid and/or obsolete, obsolete, for example: prominent(visible, discernible), proud(meaning feeling proud), necessary, simple, strong.

The process of transferring stress from the stem to the ending can extend to forms not only of the plural, but also of the singular, especially the neuter. In speech, non-normative (!) forms are quite frequent:

pale, important, visible, dirty, long etc. Such pronunciation is unacceptable in literary speech!

At the same time, for some adjectives, the stressed ending in the neuter gender becomes either an equal option along with the unstressed one, or the main or only normative option. As a rule, these adjectives also have a stressed ending in the plural:

white – white, white, white And white, white And white; sick - sick, sick, sick, sick; great - great, great, great, great; tall - tall, high, high(permissible - high), high And tall; deep - deep, deep, deep (permissible - deep), deep And deep; hot - hot, hot, hot, hot; distant - far, far, far(permissible - far), far away And far away; red - red, red, red and red, red and red; small - small, small, little, small; dead(devoid of vitality, sterile) – dead, dead, dead(permissible - dead), dead(permissible - dead); general(not specific, sketchy) – generally, generally, generally, generally(permissible - general); sharp - sharp sharp), sharp, sharp(permissible in the meaning of “not stupid” - acutely), sharp(permissible in the meaning of “not stupid” - sharp); motley – motley, motley, motley And motley, motley And variegated; equal – equal, equal, equal, equal; fresh - fresh, fresh, fresh, fresh And fresh; light - light, light, light, light; warm - warm, warm, warm, warm; heavy - heavy, heavy, heavy, heavy; smart - smart, smart, smart, smart; cunning - cunning, cunning, cunning(permissible - cunningly), cunning(permissible - tricks); black – black, black, black, black; wide – wide, wide, widely(permissible - wide), wide And wide.

NOTE

NOT ALL ONE-SYLLABLE AND TWO-SYLLABLE SHORT ADJECTIVES HAVE MOVABLE Stress! SO, ALL FORMS OF SHORT ADJECTIVES RETAIN THE STRESS ON THE BASE: GREEDY (GREEDY, GREEDY, GREEDY, GREEDY), ETERNAL, DISTURBING, BILE, sultry, inert, PEACEFUL, DANGEROUS, CONTROVERSIAL, URGENT, CONVENIENT, .

Some short adjectives may have fluctuations in the feminine form, that is, the stress in all forms remains on the stem, but in the feminine form (as with adjectives like striker, right) the coexistence of two literary variants is possible - with a stressed and an unstressed ending:

stormy - stormy, stormy And burna, stormo, burna; imperious – powerful, imperious And powerful, powerful, powerful; fashionable - fashionable, fashionable And fashionable, fashionable, fashionable.

Participles

Shifting the stress is typical for short forms of passive participles:

1. If there is a suffix -yonn- Only masculine forms retain the accent of the full participle: braided - braided, braided, braided,delighted - delighted, delighted, delighted; illuminated - illuminated, illuminated, illuminated.

2. Participles with suffix -T- have unstable stress: mined, mined And mined, mined, mined And Extracted, extracted And pre-extracted; finished And finished, finished And Finish it, finish it And DOPITO, DOPITO And topped up, topped up And additional drinks.

3. If the verb from which the participle is formed has a stressed suffix -O-,-Well-, then the stress in the participle goes to the first syllable: bend - bent, prick - pricked.

1. When forming active present participles (suffixes -ush-/-yush-, -ush-/-box- ) the stress is usually kept on the same syllable as for verbs in the present tense:

calls - caller, serves - servant.

But, as noted already in paragraph 1.2.4, many forms of the present tense are now experiencing a tendency to shift the emphasis from the ending to the stem. This causes fluctuations in the forms of the present participles. In addition, participles, as a book form, often retain stresses that are oriented specifically towards the obsolete or obsolete form of the present tense (with a stressed ending).

milk - milks And milking - milking; circling, circling - circling, circling and circling, circling - circling, circling; salt - salts(permissible - salts) – salty; twirl - twirls, twirls(obsolete forms - twirls, twirls) – turning, turning; load - loads loads) – loading; give - gives(the obsolete form is acceptable - gives) – giver.

NOTE

PAY ATTENTION TO THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE FOLLOWING PARTICIPLES:

A) THE STRESS FALLS ON THE SUFFIX OF THE PARTICIPLE:

Wandering, Wandering, Turning, Turning, Driving, Taking Out, Carrying, Importing, Carrying Out, Carrying Away, Loading, Giving, Giving, SIA, HOLDING, HOLDING, MILKING, MILKING, ROLLING, ROLLING, FEEDING, circling, circling, CATCHING, PEACEFUL, POWERFUL, THRESHING, CARRYING, WEARING, BEARING, PAYING, ASKING, GLOWING, GLOWING, ANGRY, LOOKING, CONTAINING, SALTY BECOMING, WALKING, HURRYING, WORKING, WALKING, GOING OUT, ENTERING, BURIING, BEING BURIED;

B) THE STRESS FALLS ON THE ROOT:

DRIVING, WAVING, DRAWING, SCRAPPING;

C) EQUAL OPTIONS:

WHITENING AND WHITENING, BOILING AND BOILING, STUFFING AND EXTINGUISHING, RUNNING AND RUNNING, PRESSURE AND PRESSING, DIVIDING AND SHARING, FRIENDLY AND FRIENDLY, JUDGING AND JUDGING, DROPING AND STOKING, TEACHING AND TEACHER, PRAISEER AND PRAISE, JOKING AND JOKING.

2. Active past participles (suffixes) -sh-, -wsh- ) usually have stress on the same syllable as the indefinite form of the verb:

understand - understood, accept - accepted, start - started, finish - finished.

3. Stress in passive past participles with suffixes -en-/-enn- determined by the form of the verb in the present (simple future) tense.

If the verb's ending is stressed ( -eat, -et; -ish, -it ), then the participle suffix will be stressed ( -yonn-, -enn- ):

will conclude - prisoner, bring - introduced, infuse - universe.

If in the present tense the emphasis falls on the stem, then -enn- will be unstressed:

will heal - healed.

1) no, very, you, her 2) very 3) very much, let's just 4)

To complete this task, you need to make a phonetic analysis of each of the words of the poem, and remember which consonants are called sibilants. Let's start with phonetic analysis.

Phonetic analysis of words from the poem “The Magic Piggy Bank”

Having before your eyes a phonetic analysis of each of the words, you can easily answer the questions of the task.

1) Words in which all consonants are soft: no, very, you, her .
2) Words of two syllables that cannot be transferred:
Very .
3) Words containing the sound [o]: very much, let's just .

Now we can answer the last question of the assignment.

4) Words that contain hissing consonants: magical, live, believe, very, suitable .

Selecting words from the poem “The Magic Piggy Bank” according to certain criteria

Turning again to the phonetic analysis of words from the poem, we will answer additional questions.

Words with more letters than sounds:
correct, believe me, very much .
Words of three syllables with more sounds than letters:
vowels, different .
Words in which all consonants are hard:
we, in, live, in, just, letters, on, you .
A word of three syllables with a tested unstressed vowel at the root:
piggy bank .

Words from the poem The Magic Piggy Bank

Turning again to our phonetic analysis, we will answer the questions.

1. Words in which the number of vowels is equal to the number of consonants: you, we, hands, not, very, you, on, the way .
2. Words with fewer sounds than letters: you believe it's very, very correct .
3. A word whose root contains an unverified unstressed vowel and a verifiable consonant: coins .
4. Words with more sounds than letters: magical, give, vowels, consonants, different, suitable .
5. Words in which the emphasis falls on the suffix: piggy bank, suitable .
6. Words of two or more syllables in which all consonants are voiced:
   give, different, find .

Words from “The Magic Piggy Bank”

And again we turn to the phonetic analysis of the words of the poem “The Magic Piggy Bank”. But first, let’s look at two more words that are not in the first version of the poem.

Now let's answer the questions posed.

1) Words of three syllables:
piggy bank, bolder, coins, vowels, different, correct .
2) Words that contain letters that do not indicate any sounds:
take it, believe it, very, right .
3) Words with two consonants:
very, hands, ways, her .

In general, in Russian there is a tendency to shift the stress to the end of the adjective.

For example, in the 19th century, the stress on an adjective English fell on the first syllable. In “Eugene Onegin” A.S. Pushkin, characterizing Onegin, wrote: “An ailment for which it would be time to find the cause, Similar to the English spleen, In short: the Russian melancholy has taken possession of it little by little.”. Now we pronounce this adjective with emphasis in the middle of the word - English suit.

Of course, as in other parts of speech, this tendency is very inconsistent. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account a whole system of factors.

1. Full adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -n-, -sk-, -ovsk-, -chat-, usually have stress on the same syllable as nouns:

kitchen - kitchen (!), waste - waste, transition - transitional, purple - purple and purple, charter - statutory (!), facsimile - facsimile (!), expert - expert (!), August - August skiy(form August acceptable, but still undesirable) gospel - evangelical, healer - witch doctor, youth - youthful, Ukraine - Ukrainian (!), sponge - spongy, box - box-shaped, bracket - bracket-shaped.

At the same time, deviations from this model are possible.

note

Remember how to pronounce the following adjectives correctly: trump (trump), card table, tinsel(from tinsel), mosaic(from mosaic), sinusoidal(from sinusoid), obscene, stilted(from shorthand), meager(permissible - meager- from minuscule).

In addition, it should be noted that the suffix -chat- is most often unstressed ( ribbed, palmate, lancet, needle-shaped, grooved), but in a number of adjectives the stress falls on the suffix ( paved, grandson, coarse, jagged, but in complex words - fine-toothed, two-toothed).

2. An adjective ending in -оj always has stress on the last syllable:

side, gross (!), priority, knife, bypass, alcohol (!), soup.

3. Adjectives with the suffix -ov-, -ev-, formed from disyllabic nouns, usually retain the stress on the same syllable as the nouns:

bomb - bomb, heather - heather (!), pear - pear(permissible - pear), jeans - denim And denim, willow - willow, mango - mango, minus - minus(permissible - minus), modern - modern(in the speech of young people the form is common modern, but it is not normative), piki - peak, fir - fir, plum - plum (!).

note for different stress in single-root adjectives ( cherry, laurel cherry).

But the action of a general tendency can lead to a shift of emphasis to the suffix or ending of the adjective. Especially a lot of hesitation is observed when forming adjectives from monosyllabic nouns using the suffixes -ov-, -ev-.

Compare: maintaining stress on the first syllable: armorial, marching; shifting the emphasis to a suffix or ending: downy, bass, tiger, moss, gross, knife, soup, alcohol.

In some cases, stress depends on the meaning of the adjective and on compatibility.

Wed: laurel family - bay leaf; language barrier - language sausage, temporary categories - temporary difficulties, house book - a brownie lives in the house.

4. In adjectives with the suffix -ist- the following tendency applies.

If in a noun the stress falls on the first syllable, then in an adjective the suffix -ist- will be stressed: velvet - velvety.

If in a noun the stress falls on the second syllable, then in an adjective the stress remains on the same syllable: swamp - swampy.

At the same time, deviations from this trend are also possible here. Thus, variants of an adjective formed from a noun have equal rights muscle - muscular And muscular. Among the variants formed from a noun sugar, option sugary is the main one, but an option is also acceptable sugary.

5. Stress in the forms of the comparative degree (with the suffix -ee) and superlative degree (with the suffix -aysh-/-eysh-) is determined by the form of the short feminine adjective.

If the stress falls on the ending -а, then the comparative and superlative suffixes will be stressed ( long - longer, longest).

If the stress in the short form of the adjective falls on the stem, then the stress on the same syllable is preserved in the forms of the comparative and superlative degrees:

hasty - more hastily; sultry - hotter; convenient - more convenient; beautiful - more beautiful, most beautiful.

pay special attention to the latter forms, since errors are very often made in their pronunciation. Pronunciation more beautiful And beautiful indicates a person’s low speech culture, although these forms are often heard from the TV screen!).

6. For one- and two-syllable short adjectives, the most typical model is the following: the ending is stressed only in the feminine form, in other forms the stress falls on the stem:

lively - striker, striker, striker, striker; right - right, right, right, right.

According to this model, short forms of adjectives are formed:

lively, flexible, smooth, naked, loud, cheap, wild, expensive, pathetic, hot, hard, lively, liquid, sonorous, brief, accurate, young, powerful, naked, common (belonging to all), right (fair; containing the truth) ), timid, gray, nice, sweet, blind, strange, damp, well-fed, whole, sensitive, young, nimble, etc.

note that the forms are like are right Not only are they not normative, but they also indicate a person’s low speech culture!

However, short forms are very strongly influenced by the general tendency to shift the emphasis to the ending of the adjective. This process most actively involves plural forms. Thus, in the last ten to fifteen years, a whole group of short adjectives that obeyed the specified model, along with the main option - stress based on ( stupid), the form with a stressed ending ( stupid):

cheerful, stupid, deaf, proud (arrogant), bitter, rough, sour, oblique, strong, crooked, dexterous, small, dead (inanimate), soft, bad, rare, sharp, weak, old, strict, dry, quiet, bright and etc.

note to the fact that, although forms with a stressed ending (cheerful) are given by dictionaries as acceptable, they are still undesirable, since they indicate a lower speech culture of a person!

Options with an accent on the ending and on the base in the plural form are now perceived as equal ( poor And poor) for a number of adjectives:

poor, close, pale, important, faithful, tasty, wet, harmful, hungry, sad, dirty, thick, long, kind, friendly, greedy, yellow, fat, green, short, round, large, cool, cute, wet, gloomy, tender, low, new, dense, full (exhaustive), strong, straight, empty, even, gray-haired, modest, stingy, boring, complex, bold, salty, juicy, ripe, scary, hard, close, thick, thin, precise, difficult, stupid, cold, brave, thin, honest, clean, narrow, clear.

Finally, for some short adjectives in the plural, the stressed form may become the main normative variant ( simple), whereas the accented form based on ( simple) is recorded as valid and/or obsolete, obsolete, for example: prominent(visible, discernible), proud(meaning feeling proud), necessary, simple, strong.

The process of transferring stress from the stem to the ending can extend to forms not only of the plural, but also of the singular, especially the neuter. In speech, non-normative (!) forms are quite frequent:

pale, important, visible, dirty, long etc. Such pronunciation is unacceptable in literary speech!

At the same time, for some adjectives, the stressed ending in the neuter gender becomes either an equal option along with the unstressed one, or the main or only normative option. As a rule, these adjectives also have a stressed ending in the plural:

white - white, white, white And white, white And white; sick - sick, sick, sick, sick; great - great, great, great, great; tall - tall, tall, high(permissible - high), high And tall; deep - deep, deep, deep (permissible - deep), deep And deep; hot - hot, hot, hot, hot; distant - far, far, far(permissible - far), far away And far away; red - red, red, red and red, red and red; small - small, small, little, small; dead(devoid of vitality, sterile) - dead, dead, dead(permissible - dead), dead(permissible - dead); general(not specific, sketchy) - generally, generally, generally, generally(permissible - general); sharp - sharp sharp), sharp, sharp(permissible in the meaning “not stupid” - acutely), sharp(permissible in the meaning “not stupid” - sharp); motley - motley, motley, motley And motley, motley And variegated; equal - equal, equal, equal, equal; fresh - fresh, fresh, fresh, fresh And fresh; light - light, light, light, light; warm - warm, warm, warm, warm; heavy - heavy, heavy, heavy, heavy; smart - smart, smart, smart, smart; cunning - cunning, cunning, cunning(permissible - cunningly), cunning(permissible - tricks); black - black, black, black, black; wide - wide, broad, wide(permissible - wide), wide And wide.

note

Not all one- and two-syllable short adjectives have movable stress! Thus, all forms of short adjectives retain the emphasis on the base: greedy (greedy, greedy, greedy, greedy), eternal, absurd, bilious, sultry, inert, peaceful, dangerous, controversial, urgent, convenient, predatory.

Some short adjectives may have fluctuations in the feminine form, that is, the stress in all forms remains on the stem, but in the feminine form (as with adjectives like striker, right) the coexistence of two literary variants is possible - with a stressed and an unstressed ending:

stormy - stormy, stormy And burna, stormo, burna; imperious - powerful, imperious And powerful, powerful, powerful; fashionable - fashionable, fashionable And fashionable, fashionable, fashionable.

For task No. 4 “Orthoepic norms”

Rules for placing stress in nouns.

1. Words of foreign origin, as a rule, in the Russian language they retain the place of stress that they had in the source language. In English, stress is most often on the first syllable, while in French it is on the last.
Therefore, English borrowings sound like this:
GENESIS, MARKETING, MANAGEMENT, PORTER;
and the French ones are like this:
engraver, dispensary, blinds, rubber, parterre, music stand, chassis.

2. In words denoting measures of length and ending in -meter, stress falls on the last syllable:
kilometer, centimeter, millimeter, decimeter.

3. In complex words with a second part -the wire with the general meaning of “a device for transporting any substance or energy,” the emphasis falls on the root -water- :
Gas line, water line, garbage line, light line.
BUT: electric wire, electric drive.

4. In words ending in -log, the stress falls, as a rule, on the last syllable: dialogue, catalogue, monologue, obituary.

5. B verbal nouns the place of stress is preserved that in the original verb from which they are formed:
(faith) confess – religion
provide - provision.

6. In some nouns the stress is fixed and remains on the root in all cases:
AIRPORT – airports
bow – bows – with bows
accountant - accountant
X - with X - X - Xov
CRANE - taps
Lecturer – lecturers – lecturers
cake – with cake – cakes – cakes
Scarf - scarf - scarves - scarves.

7. In a noun darling the emphasis falls on the root. In all words formed from this word, the emphasis on -BAL- DOES NOT fall:
pampered, pampered, pampered, pampered, spoiled, pampered.

Rules for placing stress in adjectives.
1. Some adjectives have the same stress as the original nouns from which they are formed:
plum – plum
kitchen – kitchen
SORREL - sorrel.

2. The stressed syllable of the full form of some adjectives remains percussive and in short form:
beautiful – beautiful – beautiful – beautiful – beautiful
unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable - unthinkable.

3. In some frequency adjectives with movable stress it falls on the root in its full form - singular and plural; and also in the short form - in the masculine and neuter gender. In the short form of the feminine gender, the emphasis goes to the ending:
right - right - right - right - right
slim - slim - slim - slim - slim.

4. If the accent in the short form of the feminine gender falls on the ending, then in the comparative form it will be on the suffix -E- or- HER-:
sick - sicker, strong - stronger, slimmer - slimmer.
If the emphasis in the feminine gender is on the base, then to a comparative degree it remains there:
beautiful - more beautiful, sad - sadder.

Rules for placing stress on verbs.

1. Emphasis in past tense verbs usually falls on the same syllable as the infinitive:
walk - walked, walked
hide - hid, hid.

2. In another group of verbs, the stress in all forms is fixed, and in the feminine gender of the past tense it moves to the ending:
take - took, took, took, took
lie - lied, lied, lied, lied.
took, took, poured in, burst in, perceived, recreated, drove, chased, got, got, waited, waited, occupied, locked, locked, called, called, lilA, lilA, lied, overstrained, called, poured, picked, started, drenched, hugged, overtook, stripped, departed, gave, recalled, responded, poured, called, poured, understood, arrived, tore, removed, created, tore, removed.

3. Verbs put, steal, sneak, send, send, send accent in form feminine past tense DOES NOT fall on the ending, but remains based on:
put, stole, stole, sent, sent, sent.
The exception is verbs with percussion attachment YOU-, which always takes over the accent:
lila - poured out, stole - stole.

4. B verbs ending in -IT, when conjugating, the emphasis falls on the endings: -ISH, -IT, -IM, -ITE, -AT/-YAT:
turn on - turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on, turn on
hand over - hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over, hand over over
get through - get through, get through, get through, get through, get through
bleed - bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed, bleed.
Verbs are conjugated using the same pattern:
call, exclude, endow, tilt, mess up, call, ease, encourage, encourage, borrow, surround, repeat, call back, call, drill, strengthen, pinch.

5. In the following verbs ending in –IT, the accent does NOT fall on the ending:
to vulgarize - to vulgarize
inquire - you will inquire.

6. In verbs, formed from adjectives, the emphasis most often falls on -IT:
fast - to speed up, sharp - to aggravate, light - to ease, vigorous - to encourage, deep - to deepen.
BUT: verb Angry, formed from the adjective evil, does not obey this rule.

7. B reflexive verbs The emphasis in the past tense form often shifts to the ending or suffix (in masculine past tense verbs):
begin – began, began, began, began
accepted - accepted, accepted, accepted, accepted.

Rules for placing accents in participles.

1.In active past participles with suffix -VSH- the stress, as a rule, falls on the same vowel that appears in the word before this suffix:
light up Vsh yay, nali Vsh oh, look Vsh yy.

2. In passive past participles formed from verbs bend, bend, bend the emphasis falls on the prefix:
bent, curved, bent.

3. In short feminine passive past participles the accent falls on the ending:
busy, locked, populated, acquired, poured, encouraged, removed, created.

4. If the stress in the full form falls on the suffix -YONN- , then in the short form it is retained only in the masculine gender, and in other forms it changes to the ending:
included – included, included, included, included
delivered - delivered, delivered, delivered, delivered
populated - populated, populated, populated, populated.
Participles change according to the same scheme:
endowed, brought down, encouraged, disabled, repeated, divided, tamed.

5. In full forms of participles with suffix -T- formed from verbs with suffixes -ABOUT- And -WELL- in the infinitive, the stress falls one syllable forward:
polo - polo T y, prick - kOlo T oh, bend - bend T oh, wrap it up - I’ll wrap it up T y.

Rules for placing stress in gerunds.

1. Participles often have stress on the same syllable as in the infinitive of the verb from which they are formed:
set - having set, fill - fill, occupy - having taken, begin - having started, raise - having raised, undertake - undertaken, create - created.

2. In gerunds with a suffix -VSH-, -VSHI- the stress falls on the vowel that comes before these suffixes in the word:
STARTED V, otA V, raise V, profit V,beginning lice s.

Rules for placing stress in adverbs.

1. To the console BEFORE- The stress falls in the following adverbs:
to the top, to the bottom, to the dryness.
BUT: dobela, dobela.
2. To the console BEHIND- the emphasis falls in the words:
beforehand, after dark, before light.
BUT: to envy is envious.